1
|
Kumar R, Dohi T, Zhdankin VV. Organohypervalent heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4786-4827. [PMID: 38545658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structural and synthetic aspects of heterocyclic molecules incorporating an atom of a hypervalent main-group element. The term "hypervalent" has been suggested for derivatives of main-group elements with more than eight valence electrons, and the concept of hypervalency is commonly used despite some criticism from theoretical chemists. The significantly higher thermal stability of hypervalent heterocycles compared to their acyclic analogs adds special features to their chemistry, particularly for bromine and iodine. Heterocyclic compounds of elements with double bonds are not categorized as hypervalent molecules owing to the zwitterionic nature of these bonds, resulting in the conventional 8-electron species. This review is focused on hypervalent heterocyclic derivatives of nonmetal main-group elements, such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, chlorine, iodine(III) and iodine(V).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1038 University Drive, 126 HCAMS University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang XD, Toya Y, Matsukawa S, Kojima S, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Shang R, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis and characterization of a pair of O- fac/O- mer 12-P-6 alkyloxaphosphates with a P-O-C-C four-membered ring. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3466-3472. [PMID: 30996936 PMCID: PMC6432329 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05158e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a stereoisomer pair of 12-P-6 alkyloxaphosphates synthesised from pentacoordinate phosphoranes.
Structurally characterized hexacoordinate organophosphorus compounds remain rare due to their highly reactive nature and thermal instability. Herein we report the first synthesis of a pair of O-facial and O-meridional hexacoordinate oxaphosphates (5B and 5D) obtained from the O-apical and O-equatorial β-hydroxyalkylphosphoranes 3 and 4. This was achieved by using the bulky C2F5-groups on the ortho-substituted aryl backbone. Calculations of the relative energies of possible isomers indicate 5B and 5D are thermodynamic products. Although the mechanisms of their formation and the determining factor of stereo-selectivity are still unclear, their isolation and structure conformation contributes to a formulation of a viable strategy for diastereoselective synthesis of heteroleptic hexacoordinate organophosphates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dong Jiang
- College of Applied Chemistry , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang , 110142 , China
| | - Yuya Toya
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Shiro Matsukawa
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Satoshi Kojima
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry , Division of Natural and Exact Sciences , University of Guanajuato , Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n 36050 , Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-hiroshima , 7398526 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang XD, Fang T, Liu X, Xi D. Synthesis of meso
-CF3
-Substituted BODIPY Compounds with Redshifted Absorption. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dong Jiang
- College of Applied Chemistry; Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; 110142 Shenyang P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Tao Fang
- College of Applied Chemistry; Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; 110142 Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Applied Chemistry; Shenyang University of Chemical Technology; 110142 Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- School of Medicine; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiral Hypervalent, Pentacoordinated Phosphoranes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111573. [PMID: 27879636 PMCID: PMC6274329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents synthetic procedures applied to the preparation of chiral (mainly optically active) pentacoordinated, hypervalent mono and bicyclic phosphoranes. The mechanisms of their stereoisomerization and their selected interconversions are also presented.
Collapse
|
5
|
Imada Y, Nakano H, Furukawa K, Kishi R, Nakano M, Maruyama H, Nakamoto M, Sekiguchi A, Ogawa M, Ohta T, Yamamoto Y. Isolation of Hypervalent Group-16 Radicals and Their Application in Organic-Radical Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:479-82. [PMID: 26721786 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a newly prepared tridentate ligand, we isolated hypervalent sulfur and selenium radicals for the first time and characterized their structures. X-ray crystallography, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations revealed a three-coordinate hypervalent structure. Utilizing the reversible redox reactions between hypervalent radicals and the corresponding anions bearing Li(+), we developed organic radical batteries with these compounds as cathode-active materials. Furthermore, an all-radical battery, with these compounds as the cathode and a silyl radical as the anode, was developed that exhibited a practical discharge potential of ∼ 1.8 V and stable cycle performance, demonstrating the potential of these materials for use in metal-free batteries that can replace conventional Li-ion batteries where Li is used in the metal form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Imada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakano
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc. , Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University , Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- SR Center, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohta
- SR Center, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , Higashi, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang XD, Zhao J, Xi D, Yu H, Guan J, Li S, Sun CL, Xiao LJ. A New Water-Soluble Phosphorus-Dipyrromethene and Phosphorus-Azadipyrromethene Dye: PODIPY/aza-PODIPY. Chemistry 2015; 21:6079-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
7
|
Jiang XD, Matsukawa S, Kojima S, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis and characterization of antiapicophilic arsoranes and related compounds. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10996-1006. [PMID: 23013474 DOI: 10.1021/ic3014893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing bulky bidentate ligand systems with C(2)F(5) and n-C(3)F(7) groups, antiapicophilic arsoranes (5b and 5c, respectively) were synthesized. A kinetic study on the isomerization of these arsoranes to their more stable isomers showed that the barriers increased in the order of CF(3) < C(2)F(5) < n-C(3)F(7) in accord with their steric bulk. It was also revealed that the degree of freezing isomerization was larger for the change from CF(3) to C(2)F(5) than from C(2)F(5) to n-C(3)F(7), obvious from the differences in activation free energy at 363 K of 1.6 and 0.3 kcal mol(-1), respectively. X-ray structural analysis of several precursors of these two systems disclosed the unique structures of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475-004, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kojima S, Nakamoto M, Matsukawa S, Akiba KY. Stereomutation of a diastereomeric pair of 10-P-5 hydroxyphosphoranes. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Yamamoto Y, Nakao K, Hashimoto T, Matsukawa S, Suzukawa N, Kojima S, Akiba KY. Crystallographic and NMR studies on species intermediate between haloalkoxyphosphoranes and alkoxyphosphonium halides. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Xue C, He G, Fu C, Xue L, Lin Z, Ma S. The Reaction of Carboxylic Acid Esters with RfMgBr: A Convenient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Reaction of 5-oxo-2-phenyl-4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphepine with chloral. The synthesis and spatial structure of 5-carbaphosphatrane containing a four-membered ring. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Jiang XD, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis, structure, and reaction of tricoordinate stibine and tetracoordinate stiboranide. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Jiang XD, Matsukawa S, Kakuda KI, Fukuzaki Y, Zhao WL, Li LS, Shen HB, Kojima S, Yamamoto Y. Efficient synthesis of tetradecafluoro-4-phenylheptan-4-ol by a Cannizzaro-type reaction and application of the alcohol as a bulky Martin ligand variant for a new anti-apicophilic phosphorane. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9823-9. [PMID: 20859600 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475-004, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang XD, Matsukawa S, Fukuzaki Y, Yamamoto Y. Formation of epoxides from pentacoordinated organoarsenic compounds with a β-hydroxyethyl group. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Kobayashi J, Kawashima T. Synthesis and Properties of Pentacoordinated Phosphorus Compounds with Anti-apicophilic Arrangement. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Jiang XD, Matsukawa S, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis, structure and isomerization of arylphosphoranes with anti-apicophilic bonding modes using a novel bidentate ligand with two C(2)F(5) groups. Dalton Trans 2008:3678-87. [PMID: 18615213 DOI: 10.1039/b802947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of anti-apicophilic pentacoordinate phosphoranes (with one chelating substituent in an O-equatorial, C-apical bonding mode at pentacoordinated phosphorus atom) bearing a para-substituted aryl group (-C(6)H(4)(p-X); X = H, CF(3), F, OMe) or a mesityl (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) group were isolated using a novel bulky bidentate ligand with two C(2)F(5) groups. These phosphoranes were stable to isomerization at room temperature, and quantitatively converted into the corresponding more stable isomers (O-apical) at elevated temperatures in solution. On the basis of a kinetic study, the free energy of activation (DeltaG(double dagger)) of the stereomutation of the O-equatorial mesitylphosphorane to its O-apical isomer was higher than that of the CF(3) derivative by 2.6 kcal mol(-1), giving rise to a further example of the steric effect of the C(2)F(5) group to freeze the isomerization of the pentacoordinate phosphorus compounds. Kinetic measurements of the isomerization of the O-equatorial ortho-unsubstituted derivatives (-C(6)H(4)(p-X)) to the corresponding O-apical isomers suggested that the O-equatorial isomers were stabilized by the pi --> sigma*(P-O) interaction in the ground state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Dong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kojima S, Nakamoto M, Akiba KY. Stereospecific Pseudorotation of Diastereomeric Anti-Apicophilic Spirophosphoranes: A Novel Stereochemical Transformation Involving 10-P-5 Phosphoranes. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
19
|
Jiang XD, Matsukawa S, Yamamichi H, Kakuda KI, Kojima S, Yamamoto Y. Stereomutation and Experimental Determination of the Relative Stability of DiastereomericO-Equatorial Anti-Apicophilic Spirophosphoranes. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Yamamoto Y, Jiang XD, Matsukawa S, Yamamichi H. Some Reactions of O-Equatorial Spirophosphoranes Bearing the Bidentate Ligand Based on Decafluoro-3-phenyl-3-pentanol. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-s(u)61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|