A New and Practical Grignard-Coupling-Fluorination Sequence: Synthesis of 2-Aryl Fluoroarenes

Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls by Negishi Cross-Coupling of Fluoro- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted (Hetero)arenes

A continuous-flow method for the regioselective arylation of fluoroarenes and fluoropyridines has been developed. The telescoped procedure reported here consists of a three-step metalation, zincation, and Negishi cross-coupling sequence, providing efficient access to a variety of functionalized 2-fluorobiaryl products. Precise temperature control of the metalation step, made possible by continuous-flow technology, allowed for the efficient preparation of the arylated products in high yields and short residence times. Additionally, several examples of the regioselective arylation of benzotrifluoride derivatives are also provided.

Synthesis of biaryls using aryne intermediates

The synthesis of biaryls from benzyne intermediates offers an alternative strategy to conventional metal-catalyzed cross-coupling approaches.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Arylnaphthalenes by Modified Fibre–Palladium(II) Complex Catalysed Suzuki Reaction in Air

The modified fibre–palladium(II) complex was a highly efficient, recoverable and heterogeneous catalyst giving high yields in the synthesis of arylnaphthalenes by a Suzuki reaction in air. The heterogeneous catalyst can be readily recovered by simple filtration and reused at least six times without significant reduction in its activity.

Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups

Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.