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Ferraz-Caetano J, Teixeira F, Cordeiro MNDS. Systematic Development of Vanadium Catalysts for Sustainable Epoxidation of Small Alkenes and Allylic Alcohols. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12299. [PMID: 37569673 PMCID: PMC10418365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols includes a wide range of valuable chemical applications, with many works describing vanadium complexes as suitable catalysts towards sustainable process chemistry. But, given the complexity of these mechanisms, it is not always easy to sort out efficient examples for streamlining sustainable processes and tuning product optimization. In this review, we provide an update on major works of tunable vanadium-catalyzed epoxidations, with a focus on sustainable optimization routes. After presenting the current mechanistic view on vanadium catalysts for small alkenes and allylic alcohols' epoxidation, we argue the key challenges in green process development by highlighting the value of updated kinetic and mechanistic studies, along with essential computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ferraz-Caetano
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Teixeira
- CQUM, Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Maria Natália Dias Soeiro Cordeiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
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2
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Mishra VK, Chaudhary N, Haldar C. Electronically Tuned Copper Porphyrins for the Selective Epoxidation of Alkenes. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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3
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Cheng YL, Wei L, Liu SZ, Yi XG, Chen WT, Lin WS. A novel supramolecular porphyrin-fullerene compound: Crystal structure and photophysical properties. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Monika, Ansari A. Effect of the ring size of TMC ligands in controlling C-H bond activation by metal-superoxo species. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5878-5889. [PMID: 35347335 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00491g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-superoxo species play a very important role in many metal-mediated catalytic transformation reactions. Their catalytic reactivity is affected by many factors such as the nature of metal ions and ring size of ligands. Herein, for the first time, we report DFT calculations on the electronic structures of a series of metal-superoxo species (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) with two ring size ligands, i.e., 13-TMC/14-TMC, and a detailed mechanistic study on the C-H bond activation of cyclohexa-1,4-diene followed by the effect of the ring size of ligands. Our DFT results showed that the electron density at the distal oxygen plays an important role in C-H bond activation. By computing the energetics of C-H bond activation and mapping the potential energy surface, it was found that the initial hydrogen abstraction is the rate-determining step with both TMC rings and all the studied metal-superoxo species. The significant electron density at the cyclohex-1,4-diene carbon indicates that the reaction proceeds via the proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism. By mapping the potential energy surfaces, we found that the 13-TMC ligated superoxo with the anti-isomer are more reactive than the 14-TMC superoxo species except for the iron-superoxo species where the 14-TMC ligated superoxo species is more reactive i.e. smaller ring size TMC is more reactive towards C-H bond activation. This is also supported by the structural correlation, i.e., the greater contraction in the smaller ring results in the metal being pushed out of plane along the z-axis, which reduces the steric hindrance. Thus, the ring size can help in designing catalysts with better efficiency for catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, India, 123031.
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, India, 123031.
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Nayak P, Nayak M, Meena K, Kar S. Oxo(corrolato)vanadium( iv) catalyzed epoxidation: oxo(peroxo)(corrolato)vanadium( v) is the true catalytic species. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxo(corrolato)vanadium(iv) complexes are highly efficient oxidizers in the presence of H2O2 and KHCO3, and oxo(peroxo)(corrolato)vanadium(v) complexes are the catalytic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panisha Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Manisha Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kiran Meena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar – 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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6
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Singh AK, Usman M, Sarkar S, Sciortino G, Kumar D, Garribba E, Rath SP. Ferromagnetic Coupling in Oxidovanadium(IV)-Porphyrin Radical Dimers. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16492-16506. [PMID: 34664950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three different oxidovanadium(IV) porphyrin dimers with anti, cis, and trans arrangements of the two rings have been synthesized by changing the bridge between the porphyrin macrocycles. This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the role of the bridge and spatial arrangement between the two VIVO centers for their electronic communication and magnetic coupling. They were characterized by the combined application of XRD analysis, UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility, and DFT calculations. One- and two-electron oxidations produce mono- and dication diradical species, respectively, which display an unusual ferromagnetic interaction between the unpaired spins of vanadium(IV) and porphyrin π-cation radical, in contrast to other metalloporphyrin dimers. The oxidized species show a dissimilar behavior between cis and trans isomers. The ferromagnetic coupling occurs between the porphyrin π-cation radical and the unpaired electron of the VIVO ion on the dxy orbital, orthogonal to the porphyrin-based molecular orbitals a1u and a2u.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mohammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Devesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, School for Physical and Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Mironov N, Milordov D, Abilova G, Tazeeva E, Yakubova S, Yakubov M. Preparative-scale purification of petroleum vanadyl porphyrins by sulfuric acid loaded macroporous silica. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The practical potential of petroleum porphyrins still remains underestimated because of the absence of satisfactory simple and effective methods for their isolation in pure form. Our work aims to provide a solution for this problem via use of sulfuric acid loaded macroporous silica as an unprecedentedly effective adsorbent for deep petroporphyrin purification. Using chromatographic columns of reduced volume (4 cm3), a series of experiments on optimization of chromatographic conditions for silica-based sulfocationite were carried out. As a source of petroleum porphyrins, the primary concentrates of vanadyl porphyrins isolated on silica gel column from DMF extracts of heavy oil asphaltenes have been used. UV-vis and MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometric methods were employed for vanadyl porphyrin analysis and identification. We established that in a narrow range of water and acid content equal to [Formula: see text]25 and [Formula: see text]15 wt.%, respectively, silica-based sulfocationite becomes able to retain a bulk of polar petroleum components with exception of porphyrins, which thus leave the column first. A preparative-scale purification of vanadyl porphyrins by the sulfocationite-based method was performed for the first time and 18.5 mg of excellently pure product were obtained. Considering the extremely simple preparation and excellent purification performance of our novel sulfocationite, it could greatly facilitate access to high-purity petroleum porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Milordov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Guzalia Abilova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Tazeeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Yakubova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Makhmut Yakubov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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8
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Mubarak MQE, de Visser SP. Reactivity patterns of vanadium(iv/v)-oxo complexes with olefins in the presence of peroxides: a computational study. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16899-16910. [PMID: 31670737 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium porphyrin complexes are naturally occurring substances found in crude oil and have been shown to have medicinal properties as well. Little is known on their activities with substrates; therefore, we decided to perform a detailed density functional theory study on the properties and reactivities of vanadium(iv)- and vanadium(v)-oxo complexes with a TPPCl8 or 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octachloro-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato ligand system. In particular, we investigated the reactivity of [VV(O)(TPPCl8)]+ and [VIV(O)(TPPCl8)] with cyclohexene in the presence of H2O2 or HCO4-. The work shows that vanadium(iv)-oxo and vanadium(v)-oxo are sluggish oxidants by themselves and react with olefins slowly. However, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, these metal-oxo species can be transformed into a side-on vanadium-peroxo complex, which reacts with substrates more efficiently. Particularly with anionic axial ligands, the side-on vanadium-peroxo and vanadium-oxo complexes produced epoxides from cyclohexene via small barrier heights. In addition to olefin epoxidation, we investigated aliphatic hydroxylation mechanisms by the same oxidants and some oxidants show efficient and viable cyclohexene hydroxylation mechanisms. The work implies that vanadium-oxo and vanadium-peroxo complexes can react with double bonds through epoxidation, and under certain conditions also undergo hydroxylation, but the overall reactivity is highly dependent on the equatorial ligand, the local environment and the presence or absence of anionic axial ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qadri E Mubarak
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Bajju GD, Ashu, Ahmed A, Devi G. Synthesis and bioactivity of oxovanadium(IV)tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinsalicylates. BMC Chem 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 31384764 PMCID: PMC6661832 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of metal complexes of vanadium with heterocyclic tetradentate ligand. Four N atoms of the heterocyclic porphyrin ring occupy the equatorial position and O atom of salicylic acid occupies the axial position in the complex. The thermal and chemical stability of the complexes were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical behavior of the designed complexes is also studied using cyclic voltammetry. These complexes were then further evaluated for in vitro anticancer effects, anti-oxidant and behavior during acute toxicity of the synthesized porphyrin ligands and their oxovanadium(IV) complexes. The interaction of these metal complexes with radical scavenger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), encouraged us to study the anti-oxidant behavior of such complexes. The complex (SSA)VO(TMP) i.e. oxovanadium(IV)tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinsulphosalicylate showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against glioblastoma (T986). It would be pertinent to mention here that the complex also did not exhibit any adverse toxicological symptoms and mortality in the target animal at the limit test dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Devi Bajju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, New Campus, Baba Sahib Ambedkar Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180 006 India
| | - Ashu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, New Campus, Baba Sahib Ambedkar Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180 006 India
| | - Altaf Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, New Campus, Baba Sahib Ambedkar Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180 006 India
| | - Gita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, New Campus, Baba Sahib Ambedkar Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180 006 India
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Dar TA, Tomar R, Mian RM, Sankar M, Maurya MR. Vanadyl β-tetrabromoporphyrin: synthesis, crystal structure and its use as an efficient and selective catalyst for olefin epoxidation in aqueous medium. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10405-10413. [PMID: 35520888 PMCID: PMC9062382 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09825e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We hereby report the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications in the epoxidation of alkenes by a vanadyl porphyrin having bulky bromo substituents at the β-positions viz. vanandyltetrabromotetraphenylporphyrin (1). The synthesized porphyrin was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like UV-visible, FT-IR, EPR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray analysis. Porphyrin 1 has a nonplanar structure as indicated by its X-ray structure, DFT and electrochemical studies. 1 was analyzed for its catalytic application in the epoxidation of various alkenes. The catalytic reactions were carried out in CH3CN/H2O mixture in 3 : 1 (v/v) ratio. 1 displayed good efficiency in terms of mild reaction conditions, lower reaction temperature and minimal catalyst amount consumption. 1 exhibited excellent selectivity, high conversion efficiency and huge TOF (7600–9800 h−1) in a significantly low reaction time of 0.5 h. Catalyst 1 was regenerated at the end of various catalytic cycles making it reusable and industrially important. We have synthesized β-tetrabromo-meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatooxidovanadium(iv) (VOTPPBr4) which possesses high thermal stability and nonplanar macrocyclic core. Further, it was utilized for selective epoxidation of olefins in good yields with very high TOF numbers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseef Ahmad Dar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - Reshu Tomar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - Rasel Mohammad Mian
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - Mannar Ram Maurya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
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11
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Pei YP, Huang JG, Hu RH, Yang YX, Zhou J, Chen WT. Metal-induced property variation for a series of lanthanide-vanadium porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three lanthanide-vanadium porphyrins, [ LnV ( TPPS ) H 2 O ]n ( Ln = Tb (1), Dy (2), Er (3); H 6 TPPS = tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin), have been prepared from hydrothermal reactions and their structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The macrocyclic ring of H 6 TPPS is coplanar and the center is occupied by the vanadium(III) ion. The lanthanide(III) ions are bound by eight oxygen atoms to yield a distorted square anti-prism geometry. They are characteristic of a three-dimensional (3-D) open framework with a void space of around 210 Å3. Fluorescence studies reveal that compounds 1–3 exhibit an emission band in the red region with the quantum yields being of 2.0%, 1.4% and 5.0%, respectively. CV/DPV results discover one quasi-reversible wave (1), one reductive peak (2) and two reductive peaks (3). Compounds 1–3 show largely different photophysical and electrochemical properties, although their structures only show tiny difference in lanthanide metal ions. This is due to metal-induced properties variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Pei
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Jian-Gen Huang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Rong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Yun-Xia Yang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Wen-Tong Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Kumar R, Chaudhary N, Sankar M, Maurya MR. Electron deficient nonplanar β-octachlorovanadylporphyrin as a highly efficient and selective epoxidation catalyst for olefins. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17720-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly electron deficient and nonplanar β-octachlorovanadylporphyrin (VOTPPCl8) was synthesized and utilized for selective epoxidation of olefins with very high TOF numbers (6566-9650 h−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Nikita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Mannar R. Maurya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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