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Yang SY, Qu YK, Liao LS, Jiang ZQ, Lee ST. Research Progress of Intramolecular π-Stacked Small Molecules for Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104125. [PMID: 34595783 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors can be designed and constructed in π-stacked structures instead of the conventional π-conjugated structures. Through-space interaction (TSI) occurs in π-stacked optoelectronic materials. Thus, unlike electronic coupling along the conjugated chain, the functional groups can stack closely to facilitate spatial electron communication. Using π-stacked motifs, chemists and materials scientists can find new ways for constructing materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), as well as enhanced molecular conductance. Organic optoelectronic devices based on π-stacked molecules have exhibited very promising performance, with some of them exceeding π-conjugated analogues. Recently, reports on various organic π-stacked structures have grown rapidly, prompting this review. Representative molecular scaffolds and newly developed π-stacked systems could stimulate more attention on through-space charge transfer the well-known through-bond charge transfer. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for utilizing and improving particular materials are discussed. The previous achievements and upcoming prospects may provide new insights into the theory, materials, and devices in the field of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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2
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Turkoglu G, Ozturk T. Fluorescent small molecules with alternating triarylamine-substituted selenophenothiophene and triarylborane: synthesis, photophysical properties and anion sensing studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2715-2725. [PMID: 35080223 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two novel D-π-A fluorophores based on selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene, possessing triphenylamine and 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylamine units as donors and dimesitylborane as an acceptor, linked through a π-conjugated thiophene spacer (BTPAST and BOMeTPAST, respectively) were synthesized. Their photophysical properties were investigated in both solution and the state of aggregation and compared to those of their corresponding donor parts, having no dimesitylborane units (TPAST and OMeTPAST). All the compounds displayed large Stokes shifts between 100 and 140 nm with positive solvatochromism in solvents having different polarities. While BTPAST displayed both aggregation induced emission (AIE) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) characteristics, the others preponderated with TICT effects. The sensing abilities of BTPAST and BOMeTPAST towards different anions were studied. Both exhibited chromogenic and fluorogenic responses to small anions such as fluoride and cyanide, for which the detection limits were found to be 0.12 and 2.43 ppm with BTPAST and 0.59 and 0.92 ppm with BOMeTPAST, respectively. These results provide guidance for the development of novel fused selenophenothiophene sensors in the field of anion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Turkoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey. .,TUBITAK-UME, Chemistry Group Laboratories, PO Box 54, 41471, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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3
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Sun X, Xue Q, Zhu Z, Xiao Q, Jiang K, Yip HL, Yan H, Li Z. Fluoranthene-based dopant-free hole transporting materials for efficient perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2698-2704. [PMID: 29732053 PMCID: PMC5914136 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been devoted to developing new dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Fluoranthene is one typical cyclopentene-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a rigid planarized structure, and thus could be an ideal building block to construct dopant-free HTMs, which have not been reported yet. Here, we report a new and simple synthetic method to prepare unreported 2,3-dicyano-fluoranthene through a Diels-Alder reaction between dibenzofulvene and tetracyanoethylene, and demonstrate that it can serve as an efficient electron-withdrawing unit for constructing donor-acceptor (D-A) type HTMs. This novel building block not only endows the resulting molecules with suitable energy levels, but also enables highly ordered and strong molecular packing in solid states, both of which could facilitate hole extraction and transport. Thus with dopant-free HTMs, impressive efficiencies of 18.03% and 17.01% which are associated with enhanced stability can be achieved based on conventional n-i-p and inverted p-i-n PVSCs respectively, outperforming most organic dopant-free HTMs reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage , Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 430074 , Wuhan , P. R. China .
| | - Qifan Xue
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , 510006 , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage , Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 430074 , Wuhan , P. R. China .
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , 510006 , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry , Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China . ;
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage , Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 430074 , Wuhan , P. R. China .
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Thurakkal S, Sanju KS, Soman A, Unni KNN, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Design and synthesis of solution processable green fluorescent D–π–A dyads for OLED applications. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized solution processable green fluorescent donor–acceptor dyads and their investigated photophysical, electrochemical, and morphological properties for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameel Thurakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Krishnankutty S. Sanju
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Anjaly Soman
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - K. N. Narayanan Unni
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
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Sahin O, Cinar ME, Tekin E, Mucur SP, Topal S, Suna G, Eroglu MS, Ozturk T. White Light Emitting Polymers Possessing Thienothiophene and Boron Units. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Sahin
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - M. E. Cinar
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Department Chemie-Biologie, OC1; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - E. Tekin
- TUBITAK-MAM; Gebze Kocaeli 41470 Turkey
| | | | - S. Topal
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - G. Suna
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - M. S. Eroglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Marmara University; Kadikoy Istanbul 34722 Turkey
- Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK-UME; PO Box 54, Gebze Kocaeli 41471 Turkey
| | - T. Ozturk
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK-UME; PO Box 54, Gebze Kocaeli 41471 Turkey
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Tang X, Shan T, Bai Q, Ma H, He X, Lu P. Efficient Deep-Blue Electroluminescence Based on Phenanthroimidazole-Dibenzothiophene Derivatives with Different Oxidation States of the Sulfur Atom. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:552-560. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Tang
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Tong Shan
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Qing Bai
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry; Jilin University; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Han L, Ye K, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang Y. Thermally Stable and Highly Luminescent Green Emissive Fluorophores with Acenaphtho[1,2-k]fluoranthene Cores and Aromatic Amine Groups. Chempluschem 2017; 82:315-322. [PMID: 31961538 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Four acenaphtho[1,2-k]fluoranthene-cored fluorophores 1-4 attached by a variety of N-containing electron-donating groups have been designed and synthesized. The appending N-containing moieties and the central acenaphtho[1,2-k]fluoranthene core form twisted molecular configurations and lead to separated HOMO and LUMO frontier molecular orbitals. X-ray crystallographic analysis demonstrates that the substituted aromatic amines separate the luminescent π-conjugated cores in the solid state. These compounds display excellent thermal and amorphous stabilities, high solid-state fluorescence quantum efficiencies, and ambipolar charge transporting properties, indicating that they are ideal candidates for fabricating non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The device based on compound 4 exhibits the best electroluminescent performance with an external efficiency of 2.82 % and brightness of 45800 cd m-2 , demonstrating the potential applications of this compound for OLED displays and lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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8
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Multichromic Polymers Containing Alternating Bi(3-Methoxythiophene) and Triphenylamine Based Units with Para-Protective Substituents. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9090779. [PMID: 28773900 PMCID: PMC5457089 DOI: 10.3390/ma9090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel triphenylamine-based thiophene derivative monomers, 4-cyano-4′,4″-di(4-methoxythiophen-2-yl)triphenylamine and 4-methoxy-4′,4″-di(4-methoxythiophen-2-yl)triphenylamine, were successfully synthesized. The corresponding polymers including poly (4-cyano-4′,4″-di(4-methoxythiophen-2-yl)triphenylamine) and poly (4-methoxy-4′,4″-di(4-methoxythiophen-2-yl)triphenylamine) were electrochemically synthesized and characterized by multiple test method. The electrochemical measurements and spectroelectrochemical analyses revealed that both of the two polymers had quasi-reversible redox behavior and multi-electrochromic properties. The two polymer films showed reversible electrochemical oxidation, excellent optical contrasts in NIR region (62% at 1070 nm for the first polymer, and 86% at 1255 nm for the second polymer), satisfactory coloration efficiencies and fast switching times. The research on the application of the as prepared polymer in the fabrication of electrochromic device was also conducted, employing PCMTPA or PMMTPA as the anodically coloring materials.
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Funicello M, Chiummiento L, Lupattelli P, Tramutola F. Nickel-Catalyzed C-Br/C-H Bis-phenylation of Methyl 4-Bromocrotonate: A Stereoselective Entry to Methyl (E)-3,4-Diphenylbut-2-enoate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1049274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Funicello
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Chiummiento
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Lupattelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Tramutola
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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10
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Ye J, Chen Z, Wang K, An F, Yuan Y, Chen W, Yang Q, Zhang X, Lee C. A Bipolar Transporter as an Efficient Green Fluorescent Emitter and Host for Red Phosphors in Multi‐ and Single‐Layer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2014; 20:13762-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR (P. R. China)
| | - Zhan Chen
- Nano‐organic Photoelectronic Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐64879375
| | - Kai Wang
- Nano‐organic Photoelectronic Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐64879375
| | - Feifei An
- Nano‐organic Photoelectronic Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐64879375
| | - Yi Yuan
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR (P. R. China)
| | - Wencheng Chen
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR (P. R. China)
| | - Qingdan Yang
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR (P. R. China)
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Nano‐organic Photoelectronic Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐64879375
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR (P. R. China)
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Prachumrak N, Potjanasopa S, Rattanawan R, Namuangruk S, Jungsuttiwong S, Keawin T, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Coumarin-cored carbazole dendrimers as solution-processed non-doped green emitters for electroluminescent devices. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Luponosov YN, Solodukhin AN, Ponomarenko SA. Branched triphenylamine-based oligomers for organic electronics. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s181123821401007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Synthesis and characterization of polybrominated fluorenes and their conversion to polyphenylated fluorenes and cyclopenta[def]triphenylene. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Prachumrak N, Pojanasopa S, Tarsang R, Namuangruk S, Jungsuttiwong S, Keawin T, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Synthesis and characterization of carbazole dendronized coumarin derivatives as solution-processed non-doped emitters and hole-transporters for electroluminescent devices. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Moonsin P, Prachumrak N, Namuangruk S, Jungsuttiwong S, Keawin T, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Novel bis(fluorenyl)benzothiadiazole-cored carbazole dendrimers as highly efficient solution-processed non-doped green emitters for organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6388-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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