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Vyas A, Hajibagher SZ, Méndez-Romero U, Thurakkal S, Li Q, Haque M, Azega RK, Wang E, Zhang X, Lundgren P, Enoksson P, Smith A. Spin-Coated Heterogenous Stacked Electrodes for Performance Enhancement in CMOS-Compatible On-Chip Microsupercapacitors. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:4221-4231. [PMID: 35497683 PMCID: PMC9044397 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integration of microsupercapacitors (MSCs) with on-chip sensors and actuators with nanoenergy harvesters can improve the lifetime of wireless sensor nodes in an Internet-of-Things (IoT) architecture. However, to be easy to integrate with such harvester technology, MSCs should be fabricated through a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technology, ubiquitous in electrode choice with the capability of heterogeneous stacking of electrodes for modulation in properties driven by application requirements. In this article, we address both these issues through fabrication of multielectrode modular, high energy density microsupercapacitors (MSC) containing reduced graphene oxide (GO), GO-heptadecane-9-amine (GO-HD9A), rGO-octadecylamine (rGO-ODA), and rGO-heptadecane-9-amine (rGO-HD9A) that stack through a scalable, CMOS compatible, high-wafer-yield spin-coating process. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the stack with individual electrode MSCs fabricated through the same process. The individual electrodes, in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfony)imide (EMIM-TFSI), demonstrate a capacitance of 38, 30, 36, and 105 μF cm-2 at 20 mV s-1 whereas the fabricated stack of electrodes demonstrates a high capacitance of 280 μF cm-2 at 20 mV s-1 while retaining and enhancing the material-dependent capacitance, charge retention, and power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agin Vyas
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simin Zare Hajibagher
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulises Méndez-Romero
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shameel Thurakkal
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qi Li
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mazharul Haque
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R. K. Azega
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Lundgren
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Enoksson
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Enoaviatech
AB, 112 26 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anderson Smith
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, Hörsalsvägen 7, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Thurakkal S, Feldstein D, Perea-Causín R, Malic E, Zhang X. The Art of Constructing Black Phosphorus Nanosheet Based Heterostructures: From 2D to 3D. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2005254. [PMID: 33251663 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Assembling different kinds of 2D nanosheets into heterostructures presents a promising way of designing novel artificial materials with new and improved functionalities by combining the unique properties of each component. In the past few years, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) have been recognized as a highly feasible 2D material with outstanding electronic properties, a tunable bandgap, and strong in-plane anisotropy, highlighting their suitability as a material for constructing heterostructures. In this study, recent progress in the construction of BPNS-based heterostructures ranging from 2D hybrid structures to 3D networks is discussed, emphasizing the different types of interactions (covalent or noncovalent) between individual layers. The preparation methods, optical and electronic properties, and various applications of these heterostructures-including electronic and optoelectronic devices, energy storage devices, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, and biological applications-are discussed. Finally, critical challenges and prospective research aspects in BPNS-based heterostructures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameel Thurakkal
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - David Feldstein
- Division of Condensed Matter and Materials Theory, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 1, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Raül Perea-Causín
- Division of Condensed Matter and Materials Theory, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 1, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Ermin Malic
- Division of Condensed Matter and Materials Theory, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 1, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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3
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Thurakkal S, Zhang X. Recent Advances in Chemical Functionalization of 2D Black Phosphorous Nanosheets. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902359. [PMID: 31993294 PMCID: PMC6974947 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their tunable direct bandgap, high charge carrier mobility, and unique in-plane anisotropic structure, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) have emerged as one of the most important candidates among the 2D materials beyond graphene. However, the poor ambient stability of black phosphorus limits its practical application, due to the chemical degradation of phosphorus atoms to phosphorus oxides in the presence of oxygen and/or water. Chemical functionalization is demonstrated as an efficient approach to enhance the ambient stability of BPNSs. Herein, various covalent strategies including radical addition, nitrene addition, nucleophilic substitution, and metal coordination are summarized. In addition, efficient noncovalent functionalization methods such as van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, and cation-π interactions are described in detail. Furthermore, the preparations, characterization, and diverse applications of functionalized BPNSs in various fields are recapped. The challenges faced and future directions for the chemical functionalization of BPNSs are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameel Thurakkal
- Division of Chemistry and BiochemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyKemigården 4SE‐412 96GöteborgSweden
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and BiochemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyKemigården 4SE‐412 96GöteborgSweden
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4
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Smith AD, Li Q, Vyas A, Haque MM, Wang K, Velasco A, Zhang X, Thurakkal S, Quellmalz A, Niklaus F, Gylfason K, Lundgren P, Enoksson P. Carbon-Based Electrode Materials for Microsupercapacitors in Self-Powering Sensor Networks: Present and Future Development. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19194231. [PMID: 31569477 PMCID: PMC6806280 DOI: 10.3390/s19194231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to fulfill future energy demands for micro and nanoelectronics. This work outlines a number of important design features for carbon-based microsupercapacitors, which enhance both their performance and integration potential and are critical for complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Based on these design features, we present CMOS-compatible, graphene-based microsupercapacitors that can be integrated at the back end of the line of the integrated circuit fabrication. Electrode materials and their interfaces play a crucial role for the device characteristics. As such, different carbon-based materials are discussed and the importance of careful design of current collector/electrode interfaces is emphasized. Electrode adhesion is an important factor to improve device performance and uniformity. Additionally, doping of the electrodes can greatly improve the energy density of the devices. As microsupercapacitors are engineered for targeted applications, device scaling is critically important, and we present the first steps toward general scaling trends. Last, we outline a potential future integration scheme for a complete microsystem on a chip, containing sensors, logic, power generation, power management, and power storage. Such a system would be self-powering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Smith
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Qi Li
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Agin Vyas
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mohammad Mazharul Haque
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kejian Wang
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Andres Velasco
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Chemistry on 2D Materials Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Shameel Thurakkal
- Chemistry on 2D Materials Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Arne Quellmalz
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristinn Gylfason
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Lundgren
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Peter Enoksson
- Micro and Nanosystems Group, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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5
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Kumar PPP, Yadav P, Shanavas A, Thurakkal S, Joseph J, Neelakandan PP. A three-component supramolecular nanocomposite as a heavy-atom-free photosensitizer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5623-5626. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a supramolecular nanocomposite containing BODIPY, tryptophan and gold nanoparticles capable of photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranjali Yadav
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Habitat Centre
- Mohali 160062
- India
| | - Asifkhan Shanavas
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Habitat Centre
- Mohali 160062
- India
| | - Shameel Thurakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
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6
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Paul AK, Jayaram DT, Babu PSS, Adarsh N, Thurakkal S, Nair AS, Ramaiah D. Synthesis and in vitro photobiological studies of porphyrin capped gold nanoparticles
$$^{\S }$$
§. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Thurakkal S, Soman A, Unni KN, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Simple solution processable carbazole-oxadiazole hybrids for un-doped deep-blue OLEDs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Thurakkal S, Sanju KS, Soman A, Unni KNN, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Design and synthesis of solution processable green fluorescent D–π–A dyads for OLED applications. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized solution processable green fluorescent donor–acceptor dyads and their investigated photophysical, electrochemical, and morphological properties for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameel Thurakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Krishnankutty S. Sanju
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Anjaly Soman
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - K. N. Narayanan Unni
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
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9
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Sanju KS, Thurakkal S, Neelakandan PP, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Simultaneous binding of a cyclophane and classical intercalators to DNA: observation of FRET-mediated white light emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13495-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
FRET tuning in ternary systems consisting of DNA, an anthracene based cyclophane and a DNA mono-/bis-intercalator is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnankutty S. Sanju
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Shameel Thurakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Prakash P. Neelakandan
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
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