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Dumitraş D, Dalmau D, García-Orduña P, Pop A, Silvestru A, Urriolabeitia EP. Orthopalladated imidazolones and thiazolones: synthesis, photophysical properties and photochemical reactivity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8948-8957. [PMID: 38727513 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with (Z)-5-arylidene-4-(4H)-imidazolones (2a-e) and (Z)-4-arylidene-5(4H)-thiazolones (3a-e) in trifluoroacetic acid results in the corresponding orthopalladated dinuclear complexes (4a-e, imidazolones; 11a-d, thiazolones) with trifluoroacetate bridges through regioselective C-H activation at the ortho position of the 4-arylidene group. Compound 4e, which contains an imidazolone substituted at 2- and 4-positions of the arylidene ring with methoxide groups and exhibits strong push-pull charge transfer, is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of fluorescent complexes with green yellowish emission and remarkable quantum yields. Breaking the bridging system with pyridine yields the mononuclear complex 5e (ΦF = 5%), while metathesis of trifluoroacetate ligands with chloride leads to the dinuclear complex 6e, also a precursor of fluorescent complexes by breaking the chloride bridging system with pyridine (7e, ΦF = 7%), or by substitution of chloride ligands with pyridine (8e, ΦF = 15%) or acetylacetonate (9e, ΦF = 2%). In addition to notable photophysical properties, dinuclear complexes 4 and 11 also exhibit significant photochemical reactivity. Thus, irradiation of orthopalladates 4a-c and 11a-c in CH2Cl2 with blue light (465 nm) proceeds via [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of the CC double bonds of imidazolone and thiazolone ligands, yielding the corresponding cyclobutane-bridging diaminotruxillic derivatives 10a-c and 12a-c, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Dumitraş
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Dalmau
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Silvestru
- Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Höhn V, Feuerstein W, Rehak FR, Kehry M, Lebedkin S, Kappes MM, Klopper W, Breher F. Non-Palindromic C∧C∧P Platinum and Palladium Pincer Complexes Showing Intense Phosphorescence via Direct Spin-Forbidden S 0 → T 1 Excitation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15627-15640. [PMID: 37682719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of C∧C∧P pre-ligands based on a dicyclohexylphosphine-substituted biphenyl framework is reported. The pre-ligands form the respective non-palindromic pincer complexes of PtII and PdII via double oxidative addition and subsequent comproportionation or C-H activation. The complexes of PtII as well as PdII emit similar green phosphorescence efficiently in the solid state, the former also in solution albeit with less intensity. The most fascinating photophysical feature, however, is a direct singlet-triplet (S0 → T1) excitation of this phosphorescence in the spectral window between the emission and the major singlet-singlet UV absorption. The S0 → T1 excitation spectra show a rich vibronic pattern, which is especially pronounced for the solid samples at cryogenic temperatures. The molar extinction of the lowest-energy singlet-triplet absorption band of the homologous Pt and Pd complexes as well as that of the Pt complex with a different (NHC) ancillary ligand were determined in tetrahydrofuran solutions. Quantum efficiencies of triplet formation (by intersystem crossing) via the "standard" excitation pathway S0 → Sn → T1 were determined for the Pt complexes and found to be different in dependence of the ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Höhn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfram Feuerstein
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian R Rehak
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Max Kehry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Ilincă TA, Iliș M, Micutz M, Cîrcu V. Liquid Crystalline and Gel Properties of Luminescent Cyclometalated Palladium Complexes with Benzoylthiourea Ligands. Gels 2023; 9:777. [PMID: 37888351 PMCID: PMC10606689 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and development of new luminescent metallogels formed by cyclometalated palladium(II) complexes in protic solvents were investigated by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and rheology. Cyclometalated palladium(II) complexes based on imine ligand and ancillary benzoylthiourea (BTU) ligand showed red emission in solid and gel states. The formation of a lyotropic liquid crystal phase was observed for the complex bearing shorter alkyl groups on the BTU ligand. This complex also behaved as a thermotropic liquid crystal that displays a monotropic smectic A phase (SmA). Dynamic rheology measurements (frequency sweep in the 5-90 °C range) of the 1-decanol solution of palladium(II) complexes highlighted their supramolecular self-association ability to generate 3D networks and form gels as a final result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora A. Ilincă
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., Sector 5, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Iliș
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., Sector 5, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marin Micutz
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., Sector 5, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Cîrcu
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., Sector 5, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Gómez de Segura D, Giménez N, Rincón-Montón D, Moreno MT, Pichel JG, López IP, Lalinde E. A new family of luminescent [Pt(pbt) 2(C 6F 5)L] n+ ( n = 1, 0) complexes: synthesis, optical and cytotoxic studies. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12390-12403. [PMID: 37594064 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the widely recognized bioactivity of 2-arylbenzothiazoles against tumor cells, we have designed a new family of luminescent heteroleptic pentafluorophenyl-bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolyl) PtIV derivatives, fac-[Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)L]n+ (n = 1, 0) [L = 4-Mepy 1, 4-pyridylbenzothiazole (pybt) 2, 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) 3, 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) 4 (E/Z ratio: 90/10), 1,4-bis-(pyridyl)butadiyne (bpyb) 5, trifluoroacetate (-OCOCF3) 6] and a dinuclear complex [{Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)}2(μ-bpyb)](PF6)27, in which the trans ligand to the metalated C-(pbt) was varied to modify the optical properties and lipophilicity. Their photophysical properties were systematically studied through experimental and theoretical investigations, which were strongly dependent on the identity of the N-bonded ligand. Thus, complexes 1, 3 and 6 display, in different media, emission from the triplet excited states of primarily intraligand 3ILCT nature localized on the pbt ligand, while the emissions of 2, 5 and 7 were ascribed to a mixture of close 3IL'(N donor)/3ILCT(pbt) excited states, as supported by lifetime measurements and theoretical calculations. Irradiation of the initial E/Z mixture of 4 (15 min) led to a steady state composed of roughly 1 : 1.15 (E : Z) and this complex was not emissive at room temperature due to an enhanced intramolecular E to Z isomerization process of the 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene ligand. Complexes 1-3 and 6 showed excellent quantum yields for the generation of singlet oxygen in aerated MeCN solution with the values of ϕ(1O2) ranging from 0.66 to 0.86 using phenalenone as a reference. Cationic complexes 1-3 exhibited remarkable efficacy in the nanomolar range against A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) cell lines with notable selectivity relative to the non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B (bronchial epithelium) cells. In the A549 cell line, the neutral complex 6 showed low cytotoxicity (IC50: 29.40 μM) and high photocytotoxicity (IC50: 5.75) when cells were irradiated with blue light for 15 min. These complexes do not show evidence of DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - David Rincón-Montón
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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5
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Dalmau D, Crespo O, Matxain JM, Urriolabeitia EP. Fluorescence Amplification of Unsaturated Oxazolones Using Palladium: Photophysical and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37315074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Weakly fluorescent (Z)-4-arylidene-5-(4H)-oxazolones (1), ΦPL < 0.1%, containing a variety of conjugated aromatic fragments and/or charged arylidene moieties, have been orthopalladated by reaction with Pd(OAc)2. The resulting dinuclear complexes (2) have the oxazolone ligands bonded as a C^N-chelate, restricting intramolecular motions involving the oxazolone. From 2, a variety of mononuclear derivatives, such as [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(O2CCF3)(py)] (3), [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(py)2](ClO4) (4), [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(Cl)(py)] (5), and [Pd(C^N-oxazolone)(X)(NHC)] (6, 7), have been prepared and fully characterized. Most of complexes 3-6 are strongly fluorescent in solution in the range of wavelengths from green to yellow, with values of ΦPL up to 28% (4h), which are among the highest values of quantum yield ever reported for organometallic Pd complexes with bidentate ligands. This means that the introduction of the Pd in the oxazolone scaffold produces in some cases an amplification of the fluorescence of several orders of magnitude from the free ligand 1 to complexes 3-6. Systematic variations of the substituents of the oxazolones and the ancillary ligands show that the wavelength of emission is tuned by the nature of the oxazolone, while the quantum yield is deeply influenced by the change of ligands. TD-DFT studies of complexes 3-6 show a direct correlation between the participation of the Pd orbitals in the HOMO and the loss of emission through non-radiative pathways. This model allows the understanding of the amplification of the fluorescence and the future rational design of new organopalladium systems with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dalmau
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Crespo
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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McCarthy JS, McCormick MJ, Zimmerman JH, Hambrick HR, Thomas WM, McMillen CD, Wagenknecht PS. Role of the Trifluoropropynyl Ligand in Blue-Shifting Charge-Transfer States in Emissive Pt Diimine Complexes and an Investigation into the PMMA-Imposed Rigidoluminescence and Rigidochromism. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11366-11376. [PMID: 35820113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Square-planar PtII complexes are of interest as dopants for the emissive layer of organic light-emitting diodes. Herein, the photophysics of three Pt bipyridyl complexes with the strongly e- withdrawing, high-field, 3,3,3-trifluoropropynyl ligand has been investigated. One complex, (phbpy)PtC2CF3 (phbpy = 6-phenyl-2,2'-dipyridyl), has also been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes reported are emissive in both RT CH2Cl2 solution (ΦPL = 0.007 to 0.027) and PMMA film (ΦPL = 0.25 to 0.42). The trifluoropropynyl ligand elevates the energy of the MLCT and LL'CT states above that of the IL π-π* state, resulting in IL emission in all cases. The emission energies of the trifluoropropynyl compounds are also blue-shifted relative to the analogous pentafluorophenylethynyl compounds, suggesting that the trifluoropropynyl ligand is one of the most electron-withdrawing alkynyl ligands. Rate constants for radiative and nonradiative deactivation were determined from experimentally determined values of ΦPL and excited-state lifetimes in both solution and PMMA films. The increase in ΦPL upon incorporation into PMMA film (rigidoluminescence) results from a decrease in the rate constant for non-radiative relaxation. Experimental activation energies for excited-state decay in combination with TDDFT are consistent with the rigidoluminescence resulting from an increase in the energy of the non-emissive triplet metal-centered state. Two of the complexes investigated, (Ph2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2 and (t-Bu2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2, where t-Bu2bpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl and Ph2bpy = 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-dipyridyl, exhibit concentration-dependent excimer emission (orange) along with monomer emission (blue), enabling fine-tuning of the emission color. However, excimer emission was absent in cured PMMA films up to the solubility limit for solution processing of (Ph2bpy)Pt(C2CF3)2 in CH2Cl2, demonstrating the diffusional nature of excimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Mary Jo McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - John H Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - H Rhodes Hambrick
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Wilson M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
| | - Colin D McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Paul S Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29609, United States
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7
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Zhu S, Huang X, Han X, Liu S. Recognition and Luminescence Properties of N^C^N Pt(II) Complexes with Macrocyclic Host Cucurbit[10]uril. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Stück R, Krause M, Brünink D, Buss S, Doltsinis NL, Strassert CA, Klein A. Luminescent Pd(II) Complexes with Tridentate
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Aryl‐pyridine‐(benzo)thiazole Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Stück
- Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Department für Chemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln
| | - Maren Krause
- Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Department für Chemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln
| | - Dana Brünink
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stefan Buss
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Department für Chemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln
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9
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Structure-dependent regioselectivity of a roll-over cyclopalladation occuring at 2,2′-bipyridine-type ligands. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Patel RI, Sharma S, Sharma A. Cyanation: a photochemical approach and applications in organic synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the photocatalytic cyanation strategies to construct C(sp2)–CN, C(sp3)–CN and X–CN (X = N, S) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan I. Patel
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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11
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Expósito JE, Aullón G, Bardají M, Miguel JA, Espinet P. Fluorescent perylenylpyridine complexes: an experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13326-13338. [PMID: 32944721 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The perylene derivative 2-(3-perylenyl)-4-methylpyridine (HPerPy) was prepared and used to synthesize [Ag(HPerPy)(PPh3)(OClO3)], with the perylene ligand bonded to the metal centre only by the pyridine nitrogen. The treatment of HPerPy with [Pd(OAc)2] in methanol or acetic acid led to acetate bridged dimers (μ-OOCCH3)2[Pd(PerPy)]2, six-membered or five-membered cycled at the perylenyl fragment. Substitution reactions afforded mononuclear compounds [Pd(PerPy)(acac)] (six-member or five-member cycled) and [Pd(PerPy)(S2COMe)] (six-member or five-member cycled). The reaction of HPerPy with a platinum(ii) fragment led to a five-membered cyclometallated Pt(ii) complex [Pt(PerPy)(acac)]. The oxidative addition with MeI gave the corresponding cyclometallated Pt(iv) compound [Pt(PerPy)(acac)MeI]. X-ray single crystal studies of compounds [Ag(HPerPy)(PPh3)(OClO3)], (μ-OOCCH3)2[Pd(PerPy)]2-five-membered, [Pd(PerPy)(acac)]-six-membered, [Pd(PerPy)(S2COMe)]-five-membered, [Pt(PerPy)(acac)]-five-membered, and [Pt(PerPy)(acac)MeI]-five-membered confirmed the proposed structures. The UV-Vis spectra show one intense absorption with vibronic coupling in the visible region with maxima in the range of 448-519 nm. DFT calculations were carried out for the absorption spectra of the HPerPy molecule and representative complexes [M(PerPy)(acac)] (M: Pd, Pt; five and six-membered isomers) and [Pt(PerPy)(acac)MeI], showing that the lowest energy most intense transition in the complexes corresponds to the HOMO → LUMO transition in the perylene moiety, although affected by the metallacycle size and the metal nature. All the compounds are fluorescent in solution, due to the perylene fragment. The emission spectra display maxima in the range of 468-549 nm, with quantum yields from 1.1 to 82%. The attenuation of the intensity of fluorescence by the presence of heavy atoms and the formation of metallacycles has been experimentally determined and sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Emilio Expósito
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
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12
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Li G, Zheng J, Zhao X, Fleetham T, Yang YF, Wang Q, Zhan F, Zhang W, Fang K, Zhang Q, She Y. Tuning the Excited State of Tetradentate Pd(II) Complexes for Highly Efficient Deep-Blue Phosphorescent Materials. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13502-13516. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Tyler Fleetham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qunmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Kun Fang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry−Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Matern J, Kartha KK, Sánchez L, Fernández G. Consequences of hidden kinetic pathways on supramolecular polymerization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6780-6788. [PMID: 32874522 PMCID: PMC7450716 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of sophisticated analytical tools, kinetic models and sample preparation methods has significantly advanced the field of supramolecular polymerization, where the competition of kinetic vs. thermodynamic processes has become commonplace for a wide range of building blocks. Typically, the kinetic pathways are identified in thermally controlled assembly experiments before they ultimately evolve to the thermodynamic minimum. However, there might be cases where the identification and thus the assessment of the influence of kinetic aggregates is not trivial, making the analysis of the self-assembly processes a hard task. Herein, we demonstrate that "hidden" kinetic pathways can have drastic consequences on supramolecular polymerization processes, to the point that they can even overrule thermodynamic implications. To this end, we analyzed in detail the supramolecular polymerization of a chiral PdII complex 1 that forms two competing aggregates (Agg I and Agg II) of which kinetic Agg II is formed through a "hidden" pathway, i.e. this pathway is not accessible by common thermal polymerization protocols. The hidden pathway exhibits two consecutive steps: first, Agg II is formed in a cooperative process, which subsequently evolves to clustered superstructures driven by rapid kinetics. At standard conditions, Agg II displays an extraordinary kinetic stability (>6 months), which could be correlated to its cooperative mechanism suppressing nucleation of thermodynamic Agg I. Furthermore, the fast kinetics of cluster formation sequester monomers from the equilibria in solution and prevents the system from relaxing into the thermodynamic minimum, thus highlighting the key implications of hidden pathways in governing supramolecular polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Matern
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 36 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Kalathil K Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 36 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Ciudad Universitaria s/n , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 36 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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14
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Controlled Synthesis of PdII and PtII Supramolecular Copolymer with Sequential Multiblock and Amplified Phosphorescence. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Czyz ML, Weragoda GK, Horngren TH, Connell TU, Gomez D, O'Hair RAJ, Polyzos A. Photoexcited Pd(ii) auxiliaries enable light-induced control in C(sp 3)-H bond functionalisation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2455-2463. [PMID: 34084410 PMCID: PMC8157331 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the photophysical and photochemical properties of palladacycle complexes derived from 8-aminoquinoline ligands, commonly used auxiliaries in C–H activation. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational studies reveal that visible light irradiation induces a mixed LLCT/MLCT charge transfer providing access to synthetically relevant Pd(iii)/Pd(iv) redox couples. The Pd(ii) complex undergoes photoinduced electron transfer with alkyl halides generating C(sp3)–H halogenation products rather than C–C bond adducts. Online photochemical ESI-MS analysis implicates participation of a mononuclear Pd(iii) species which promotes C–X bond formation via a distinct Pd(iii)/Pd(iv) pathway. To demonstrate the synthetic utility, we developed a general method for inert C(sp3)–H bond bromination, chlorination and iodination with alkyl halides. This new strategy in auxiliary-directed C–H activation provides predictable and controllable access to distinct reactivity pathways proceeding via Pd(iii)/Pd(iv) redox couples induced by visible light irradiation. Visible light irradiation of 8-aminoquinoline Pd(ii) complexes initiates photoinduced electron transfer with alkyl halides, affording C–H halogenation over C–C bond adducts. A method for inert C(sp3)–H bond halogenation (Br, Cl and I) is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena L Czyz
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Tyra H Horngren
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Daniel Gomez
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia .,CSIRO Manufacturing Research Way Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
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16
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Bao K, Zhang S, Ni P, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Wang L, Sun LX, Mao W, Zhou Q, Qian Y. Convenient fabrication of carbon doped WO3−x ultrathin nanosheets for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of amines. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Feuerstein W, Breher F. Synthetic access to a phosphorescent non-palindromic pincer complex of palladium by a double oxidative addition – comproportionation sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12589-12592. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly phosphorescent non-palindromic (C^C^N) palladium complex may be prepared by means of a double oxidative addition – comproportionation sequence, which is a new approach for the synthesis of non-palindromic pincer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Feuerstein
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Division Molecular Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Division Molecular Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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18
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Yao Y, Hou CL, Yang ZS, Ran G, Kang L, Li C, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang JL. Unusual near infrared (NIR) fluorescent palladium(ii) macrocyclic complexes containing M-C bonds with bioimaging capability. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10170-10178. [PMID: 32055371 PMCID: PMC6979397 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) luminescent metal complexes are promising probes in bioimaging and biosensing, however they generally suffer from oxygen interference arising from heavy metal effects. We designed new tetradentate macrocyclic benzitripyrrin (C^N^N^N) ligands by combination of M-C bond formation and reducing the π-conjugation to achieve NIR fluorescent Pd complexes (700-1000 nm) with quantum yields up to 14%. To understand the origin of NIR fluorescence, detailed analyses by density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory (DFT/TDDFT) calculations together with femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies suggest that M-C bond formation indeed leads to destabilization of the d-d excited state and less effective quenching of emission; and importantly, small spin-orbital coupling (SOC) and the large singlet-triplet energy gap are the primary causes of the non-population of triplet states. Comparison of PdII and PtII analogues shows that the non-radiative channel of the out-plane vibration of the tripyrrin plane effectively quenches the fluorescence of the PtII complex but not the PdII congener. We also demonstrate the proof-of-concept applications of PdII complexes (Pd-1 and Pd-3) encapsulated in silica nanoparticles, in both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging experiments without oxygen interference. Moreover, pH-induced reversible switching of NIR fluorescence was achieved even intracellularly using the Pd complex (Pd-2), which shows the potential to further develop perspective stimuli-responsive NIR materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Chun-Liang Hou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China .
| | - Zi-Shu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies , Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , P. R. China
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies , Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China .
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China .
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China .
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19
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Wan Q, Xia J, Lu W, Yang J, Che CM. Kinetically Controlled Self-Assembly of Phosphorescent AuIII Aggregates and Ligand-to-Metal–Metal Charge Transfer Excited State: A Combined Spectroscopic and DFT/TDDFT Study. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11572-11582. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiuxu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen 518057, China
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20
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Karami K, Ramezanpour A, Zakariazadeh M, Shahpiri A, Kharaziha M, Kazeminasab A. Luminescent Palladacycles Containing a Pyrene Chromophor; Synthesis, Biological and Computational Studies of the Interaction with DNA and BSA. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Karami
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156/83111 Iran
| | - Azar Ramezanpour
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156/83111 Iran
| | - Mostafa Zakariazadeh
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS) University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials EngineeringIsfahan Univezrsity of Technology Isfahan Iran
| | - Akram Kazeminasab
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of AgricultureIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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21
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Eddy LE, Thakker PU, McMillen CD, Pienkos JA, Cordoba JJ, Edmunds CE, Wagenknecht PS. A comparison of the metal-ligand interactions of the pentafluorophenylethynyl and trifluoropropynyl ligands in transition metal cyclam complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Lin J, Zou C, Zhang X, Gao Q, Suo S, Zhuo Q, Chang X, Xie M, Lu W. Highly phosphorescent organopalladium(ii) complexes with metal–metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states in fluid solutions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10417-10421. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Making Pd(ii) brightly shining: mononuclear analogues are non-emissive, but folded dinuclear palladium(ii) diacetylide complexes phosphoresce from MMLCT excited states with quantum yields up to 48%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Chao Zou
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiaobao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Sa Suo
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Qihang Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Mo Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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23
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Yilmaz O, Oderinde MS, Emmert MH. Photoredox-Catalyzed C α-H Cyanation of Unactivated Secondary and Tertiary Aliphatic Amines: Late-Stage Functionalization and Mechanistic Studies. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11089-11100. [PMID: 30160970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and mechanistic studies of a general, high-yielding amine Cα-H cyanation protocol via photoredox catalysis. Inexpensive NaCN is employed as the cyanide source and air is the external oxidant, resulting in mild and highly functional group tolerant conditions. Notably, efficient Cα-H cyanations of secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines and of complex, biologically active compounds (drugs) can be performed using the established methodology. Mechanistic studies suggest that the carboxylic acid additive has three effects: formation of a stabilizing hemiaminal intermediate, prevention of catalyst decomposition by protonating the substrate, and modulation of fluorescence quenching of the photoexcited catalyst species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , 100 Institute Road , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609 , United States
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Medicine Design & Oncology, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Marion H Emmert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , 100 Institute Road , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609 , United States
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24
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Krause M, Kourkoulos D, González-Abradelo D, Meerholz K, Strassert CA, Klein A. Luminescent PtII
Complexes of Tridentate Cyclometalating 2,5-Bis(aryl)-pyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Krause
- Department für Chemie; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Dimitrios Kourkoulos
- Department für Chemie; Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Luxemburger Str. 116 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Darío González-Abradelo
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Heisenbergstr. 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department für Chemie; Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Luxemburger Str. 116 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Heisenbergstr. 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
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25
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Application of the five-membered ring products of cyclometalation reactions for hydrogen production. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Zvirzdinaite M, Garbe S, Arefyeva N, Krause M, von der Stück R, Klein A. Palladium(II) Complexes of Ambidentate and Potentially Cyclometalating 5-Aryl-3-(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryte Zvirzdinaite
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Simon Garbe
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Natalia Arefyeva
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Maren Krause
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - René von der Stück
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
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27
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Pramanik S, Dutta S, Roy S, Dinda S, Ghorui T, Kumar Mitra A, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Luminescent closed shell nickel(ii) pyridyl-azo-oximates and the open shell anion radical congener: molecular and electronic structure, ligand redox behaviour and biological activity. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00402h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nickel(ii) complexes have been synthesized using redox-active azo-oximes. The superior π-acidity of the organic backbone is a key to the isolation of Ni(ii) anion radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvam Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Suhana Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Sima Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Soumitra Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Tapas Ghorui
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Arup Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
- Kolkata
- India
| | | | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
- Kolkata
- India
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28
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Hung FF, Wu SX, To WP, Kwong WL, Guan X, Lu W, Low KH, Che CM. Palladium(II) Acetylide Complexes with Pincer-Type Ligands: Photophysical Properties, Intermolecular Interactions, and Photo-cytotoxicity. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:145-158. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faan-Fung Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shui-Xing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hainan Normal University; Haikou 571158 China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai-Lun Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiangguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen Guangdong 518053 China
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29
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Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Cyclometalated Nickel(II) Complexes: A Review and Perspective. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-016-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Chow PK, Cheng G, Tong GSM, Ma C, Kwok WM, Ang WH, Chung CYS, Yang C, Wang F, Che CM. Highly luminescent palladium(ii) complexes with sub-millisecond blue to green phosphorescent excited states. Photocatalysis and highly efficient PSF-OLEDs. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6083-6098. [PMID: 30034749 PMCID: PMC6024183 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium(ii) complexes supported by tetradentate [N^C^C^N] and [O^N^C^N] ligand systems display sky blue to red phosphorescence with emission quantum yields and emission lifetimes up to 0.64 and 272 μs, respectively. Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence (fs-TRF) measurements on these Pd(ii) complexes reveal a fast intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet manifolds with time constants of 0.6-21 ps. DFT/TDDFT calculations revealed that, as a result of the spiro-fluorene and bridging tertiary amine units of the ligands, the T1 excited state is more ligand-localized and has smaller structural distortion, leading to slower non-radiative decay as well as radiative decay of T1 → S0 transition and thereby highly emissive, long-lived triplet excited states. The Pd(ii) complexes have been found to be efficient catalysts for visible light-driven, reductive C-C bond formation from unactivated alkyl bromides with conversions and yields of up to 90% and 83%, respectively. These complexes have also been employed as photosensitizers for [2 + 2] cycloaddition of styrenes, with conversions and yields comparable to those of the reported Ir(iii) complexes. Both green and sky blue organic-light emitting devices (OLEDs) have been generated with these Pd(ii) complexes as guest emitters. Maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of up to 16.5% have been achieved in the sky blue OLEDs. The long emission lifetimes render the Pd(ii) complexes good sensitizers for phosphor-sensitized fluorescent OLEDs (PSF-OLEDs). By utilizing these phosphorescent Pd(ii) complexes as sensitizers, highly efficient green and yellow PSF-OLEDs having high EQE (up to 14.3%), high colour purity and long operation lifetimes, with 90% of initial luminance (LT90) for more than 80 000 h, have been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Keong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen 518053 , China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chensheng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Wai-Ming Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Wai-Hung Ang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen 518053 , China
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31
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Fong TTH, Lok CN, Chung CYS, Fung YME, Chow PK, Wan PK, Che CM. Cyclometalated Palladium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Anticancer Agents for Potent In Vitro Cytotoxicity and In Vivo Tumor Growth Suppression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Tsz-Him Fong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yi-Man Eva Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Pui-Keong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Pui-Ki Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen 518053 China
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32
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Fong TTH, Lok CN, Chung CYS, Fung YME, Chow PK, Wan PK, Che CM. Cyclometalated Palladium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Anticancer Agents for Potent In Vitro Cytotoxicity and In Vivo Tumor Growth Suppression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11935-9. [PMID: 27571430 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Palladium(II) complexes are generally reactive toward substitution/reduction, and their biological applications are seldom explored. A new series of palladium(II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes that are stable in the presence of biological thiols are reported. A representative complex, [Pd(C^N^N)(N,N'-nBu2 NHC)](CF3 SO3 ) (Pd1 d, HC^N^N=6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine, N,N'-nBu2 NHC=N,N'-di-n-butylimidazolylidene), displays potent killing activity toward cancer cell lines (IC50 =0.09-0.5 μm) but is less cytotoxic toward a normal human fibroblast cell line (CCD-19Lu, IC50 =11.8 μm). In vivo anticancer studies revealed that Pd1 d significantly inhibited tumor growth in a nude mice model. Proteomics data and in vitro biochemical assays reveal that Pd1 d exerts anticancer effects, including inhibition of an epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, and antiangiogenic activity to endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Tsz-Him Fong
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Man Eva Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Keong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Ki Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China. .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, 518053, China.
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33
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Santana MD, López-Banet L, Sánchez G, Pérez J, Pérez E, García L, Serrano JL, Espinosa A. Non-covalent stacking interactions directing the structural and photophysical features of mono- and dinuclear cyclometalated palladium(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8601-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometallated Pd(ii) complexes with different stackings show emission in solid state in relationship to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Santana
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence (Campus Mare Nostrum)
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - L. López-Banet
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence (Campus Mare Nostrum)
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - G. Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence (Campus Mare Nostrum)
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - J. Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minera
- Geológica y Cartográfica. Área de Química Inorgánica. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
- Cartagena
- Spain
| | - E. Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minera
- Geológica y Cartográfica. Área de Química Inorgánica. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
- Cartagena
- Spain
| | - L. García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minera
- Geológica y Cartográfica. Área de Química Inorgánica. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
- Cartagena
- Spain
| | - J. L. Serrano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Minera
- Geológica y Cartográfica. Área de Química Inorgánica. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
- Cartagena
- Spain
| | - A. Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
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34
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Karami K, Abedanzadeh S, Hervés P. Synthesis and characterization of functionalized titania-supported Pd catalyst deriving from new orthopalladated complex of benzophenone imine: catalytic activity in the copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions at low palladium loadings. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17914b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient catalytic activity of TiO2-supported Pd catalyst in the copper, amine and phosphine free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions at low Pd-loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Karami
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156/83111
- Iran
| | | | - Pablo Hervés
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica
- Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
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35
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Orgren LR, Maverick EE, Marvin CC. Synthesis of (±)-Tetrabenazine by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12635-40. [PMID: 26544155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Tetrabenazine was synthesized in six steps from commercially available compounds. The key cyclization substrate was assembled rapidly via Baylis-Hillman and aza-Michael reactions. Annulation of the final ring was achieved through visible light photocatalysis, wherein carbon-carbon bond formation was driven by the oxidation of a tertiary amine. Solvent played a critical role in the photoredox cyclization outcome, whereas methanol led to a mixed ketal, acetonitrile/water (10:1) gave direct cyclization to (±)-tetrabenazine and occurred more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Orgren
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College , 1600 Washington Avenue, Conway, Arkansas 72032, United States
| | - Emily E Maverick
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College , 1600 Washington Avenue, Conway, Arkansas 72032, United States
| | - Christopher C Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College , 1600 Washington Avenue, Conway, Arkansas 72032, United States
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36
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Nauth AM, Otto N, Opatz T. α-Cyanation of Aromatic Tertiary Amines using Ferricyanide as a Non-Toxic Cyanide Source. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Henwood AF, Lesieur M, Bansal AK, Lemaur V, Beljonne D, Thompson DG, Graham D, Slawin AMZ, Samuel IDW, Cazin CSJ, Zysman-Colman E. Palladium(0) NHC complexes: a new avenue to highly efficient phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3248-3261. [PMID: 29142691 PMCID: PMC5657412 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first examples of highly luminescent di-coordinated Pd(0) complexes. Five complexes of the form [Pd(L)(L')] were synthesized, where L = IPr, SIPr or IPr* NHC ligands and L' = PCy3, or IPr and SIPr NHC ligands. The photophysical properties of these complexes were determined in degassed toluene solution and in the solid state and contrasted to the poorly luminescent reference complex [Pd(IPr)(PPh3)]. Organic light-emitting diodes were successfully fabricated but attained external quantum efficiencies of between 0.3 and 0.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Henwood
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; http://www.zysman-colman.com ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-463826
| | - Mathieu Lesieur
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-464808
| | - Ashu K Bansal
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , UK .
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux & Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères , Université de Mons - UMONS/Materia Nova , Place du Parc, 20 , B-7000 MONS , Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux & Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux Polymères , Université de Mons - UMONS/Materia Nova , Place du Parc, 20 , B-7000 MONS , Belgium
| | - David G Thompson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Centre for Molecular Nanometrology , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Centre for Molecular Nanometrology , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-464808
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9SS , UK .
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-464808
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . ; http://www.zysman-colman.com ; ; Tel: +44-(0)1334-463826
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38
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Wagner A, Ofial AR. Potassium Thiocyanate as Source of Cyanide for the Oxidative α-Cyanation of Tertiary Amines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2848-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wagner
- Department
Chemie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse
5-13 (Haus F), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Armin R. Ofial
- Department
Chemie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse
5-13 (Haus F), 81377 München, Germany
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39
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Chow PK, Cheng G, Tong GSM, To WP, Kwong WL, Low KH, Kwok CC, Ma C, Che CM. Luminescent pincer platinum(II) complexes with emission quantum yields up to almost unity: photophysics, photoreductive C-C bond formation, and materials applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2084-9. [PMID: 25581564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent pincer-type Pt(II) complexes supported by C-deprotonated π-extended tridentate RC^N^NR' ligands and pentafluorophenylacetylide ligands show emission quantum yields up to almost unity. Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements and time-dependent DFT calculations together reveal the dependence of excited-state structural distortions of [Pt(RC^N^NR')(CC-C6 F5 )] on the positional isomers of the tridentate ligand. Pt complexes [Pt(R-C^N^NR')(CC-Ar)] are efficient photocatalysts for visible-light-induced reductive CC bond formation. The [Pt(R-C^N^NR')(CC-C6 F5 )] complexes perform strongly as phosphorescent dopants for green- and red-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with external quantum efficiency values over 22.1 %. These complexes are also applied in two-photon cellular imaging when incorporated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Keong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (P.R. China)
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40
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Chow PK, Cheng G, Tong GSM, To WP, Kwong WL, Low KH, Kwok CC, Ma C, Che CM. Luminescent Pincer Platinum(II) Complexes with Emission Quantum Yields up to Almost Unity: Photophysics, Photoreductive CC Bond Formation, and Materials Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Roy S, Pramanik S, Ghorui T, Pramanik K. Insight into luminescent bisazoaromatic CNN pincer palladacycle: synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and some catalytic applications in C–C coupling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16584e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-(phenylazo)azobenzene furnished novel palladacycles in excellent yield, which showed luminescence at rt and catalytic activity. The optoelectronic and electrochemical responses were substantiated with DFT and TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032
- India
| | - Shuvam Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032
- India
| | - Tapas Ghorui
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032
- India
| | - Kausikisankar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032
- India
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42
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Juliá F, Aullón G, Bautista D, González-Herrero P. Exploring excited-state tunability in luminescent tris-cyclometalated platinum(IV) complexes: synthesis of heteroleptic derivatives and computational calculations. Chemistry 2014; 20:17346-59. [PMID: 25353375 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and photophysical properties of a series of heteroleptic tris- cyclometalated Pt(IV) complexes are reported. The complexes mer-[Pt(C^N)2 (C'^N')]OTf, with C^N=C-deprotonated 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy) or 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), and C'^N'=C-deprotonated 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy) or 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq), were obtained by reacting bis- cyclometalated precursors [Pt(C^N)2 Cl2] with AgOTf (2 equiv) and an excess of the N'^C'H pro-ligand. The complex mer-[Pt(dfppy)2 (ppy)]OTf was obtained analogously and photoisomerized to its fac counterpart. The new complexes display long-lived luminescence at room temperature in the blue to orange color range. The emitting states involve electronic transitions almost exclusively localized on the ligand with the lowest π-π* energy gap and have very little metal character. DFT and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations on mer-[Pt(ppy)2 (C'^N')](+) (C'^N'=thpy, piq) and mer/fac-[Pt(ppy)3](+) support this assignment and provide a basis for the understanding of the luminescence of tris-cyclometalated Pt(IV) complexes. Excited states of LMCT character may become thermally accessible from the emitting state in the mer isomers containing dfppy or ppy as chromophoric ligands, leading to strong nonradiative deactivation. This effect does not operate in the fac isomers or the mer complexes containing thpy or piq, for which nonradiative deactivation originates mainly from vibrational coupling to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, 30071 Murcia (Spain), Fax: (+34) 868-884148
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