1
|
Karuppaiah G, Lee MH, Bhansali S, Manickam P. Electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection: Principles, designs, fabrication, and characterisation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115600. [PMID: 37611448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major factor contributing to health discrepancies among individuals. Sustained exposure to stress triggers signalling pathways in the brain, which leading to the release of stress hormones in the body. Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is a significant biomarker for stress management due to its responsibility in the body's reply to stress. The release of cortisol in bloodstream prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism, and suppressing the immune system. Detecting cortisol in biological samples is crucial for understanding its role in stress and personalized healthcare. Traditional techniques for cortisol detection have limitations, prompting researchers to explore alternative strategies. Electrochemical sensing has emerged as a reliable method for point-of-care (POC) cortisol detection. This review focuses on the progress made in electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection, covering their design, principle, and electroanalytical methodologies. The analytical performance of these sensors is also analysed and summarized. Despite significant advancements, the development of electrochemical cortisol sensors faces challenges such as biofouling, sample preparation, sensitivity, flexibility, stability, and recognition layer performance. Therefore, the need to develop more sensitive electrodes and materials is emphasized. Finally, we discussed the potential strategies for electrode design and provides examples of sensing approaches. Moreover, the encounters of translating research into real world applications are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aoki H, Miyazaki R, Ohama M, Murata M, Asai K, Ogata G, Einaga Y. Urine protein quantification in human urine on boron-doped diamond electrodes based on the electrochemical reaction of Coomassie brilliant blue. Analyst 2023; 148:4396-4405. [PMID: 37551933 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01000g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Urinalysis is attracting interest in personal healthcare management as part of a general move to improve quality of life. Urine contains various metabolites and the protein level in urine is an indicator of kidney function. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensing system based on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was developed for the detection of protein concentrations in human urine. BDD electrodes have the advantages of a wide electrochemical potential window and low non-specific adsorption, making them ideal for simple, rapid, and compact devices for home detection of bio-relevant substances. Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB), a dye that selectively and strongly binds to urine proteins, was found to be a redox-active indicator to show a decrease in its redox currents in relation to the concentration of protein in urine samples. Our detailed studies of BDD electrodes showed their limit of detection to be 2.57 μg mL-1 and that they have a linear response that ranges from 0 to 400 μg mL-1 in urine samples. We also investigated the detection of urine protein in different urine samples. Our results agreed with those obtained using conventional colorimetric analysis. We believe this to be the first study of electrochemical detection of urine protein in urine samples on BDD electrodes, which is of great significance to be able to obtain results with electrical signals rapidly compared to conventional colorimetric analysis. This CBB-BDD technique has the potential to assist healthcare management in the form of a rapid daily diagnostic test to judge whether a more detailed examination is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Risa Miyazaki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Miho Ohama
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kai Asai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
- Department of Sensor Development, First Screening Co., Ltd., 1-30-14 Yoyogi, Shibuya 151-0053, Japan
| | - Genki Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aoki H, Tani H, Nakamura K, Sato H, Torimura M, Nakazato T. MicroRNA biomarkers for chemical hazard screening identified by RNA deep sequencing analysis in mouse embryonic stem cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 392:114929. [PMID: 32105654 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the responses of microRNAs (miRNAs) using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) exposed to nine chemicals (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, p-cresol, p-dichlorobenzene, phenol, pyrocatecol, chloroform, tri-n-butyl phosphate, trichloroethylene, and benzene), which are listed as "Class I Designated Chemical Substances" from the Japan Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. Using deep sequencing analysis (RNA-seq), several miRNAs were identified that show a substantial response to general chemical toxicity (i.e., to these nine chemicals considered as a group) and several miRNA biomarkers that show a substantial and specific response to benzene. The functions of the identified miRNAs were investigated in accordance with Gene Ontology terms of their predicted target genes, indicating regulation of cellular processes. We compared the results with those for the long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and mRNAs reported in our previous studies in addition to previously identified miRNAs that are either up- or down-regulated in response to the benzene as stimuli. We also observed that the changes in expression of miRNAs were smaller than those for long ncRNAs and mRNAs. Taken together the current and previous results revealed that toxic chemical stimuli regulate the expression of miRNAs. We believe that the use of miRNAs, including the thus identified miRNAs, as biomarkers contribute to predicting the potential toxicity of particular chemicals or identifying human individuals that have been exposed to chemical hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Aoki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakamura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Research Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masaki Torimura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakazato
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of EBV-related DNA based on AgDNCs@DNA/AgNCs nanocomposites and lambda exonuclease-assisted target recycling. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Aoki H, Corn RM, Matthews B. MicroRNA detection on microsensor arrays by SPR imaging measurements with enzymatic signal enhancement. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
6
|
Aoki H, Torimura M, Nakazato T. 384-Channel electrochemical sensor array chips based on hybridization-triggered switching for simultaneous oligonucleotide detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 136:76-83. [PMID: 31039490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of simultaneous detection of multiple environmentally- and biomedically-relevant RNA biomarker target sequences on a single newly fabricated 384-ch sensor array chip aiming at practical application. The individual sensor is composed of a photolithographically-fabricated Au/Cr-based electrode modified with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes. The sensor array chips showed sequence-specific responses upon hybridization of the probes with target sequences complementary to the probes in contrast to mismatch versions. The target oligonucleotides have 15-22 mer sequences from messenger RNAs for estrogen-responsive genes and microRNAs for lung cancer biomarkers. The dependence on target concentrations of sensor responses was observed by using a single chip on which experiments for detection of several target concentrations proceeded simultaneously, with the detection limit of 7.33 × 10-8 M. As more realistic samples, oligonucleotide samples amplified by PCR from a synthesized template sequence were applied to the chip. They showed sequence-specific responses, revealing the potential for fabricated sensor array chips to be utilized to analyze PCR samples. Unlike complicated and expensive chips that require nanofabrication, our sensor array chips based on glass coated with gold thin films are simple and can be fabricated from inexpensive and readily available materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Aoki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Masaki Torimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakazato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jayakumar K, Camarada MB, Dharuman V, Rajesh R, Venkatesan R, Ju H, Maniraj M, Rai A, Barman SR, Wen Y. Layer-by-Layer-Assembled AuNPs-Decorated First-Generation Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer with Reduced Graphene Oxide Core as Highly Sensitive Biosensing Platform with Controllable 3D Nanoarchitecture for Rapid Voltammetric Analysis of Ultratrace DNA Hybridization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21541-21555. [PMID: 29869501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The structure and electrochemical properties of layer-by-layer-assembled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-decorated first-generation (G1) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PD) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) core as a highly sensitive and label-free biosensing platform with a controllable three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitecture for the rapid voltammetric analysis of DNA hybridization at ultratrace levels were characterized. Mercaptopropinoic acid (MPA) was self-assembled onto Au substrate, then GG1PD formed by the covalent functionalization between the amino terminals of G1PD and carboxyl terminals of rGO was covalently linked onto MPA, and finally AuNPs were decorated onto GG1PD by strong physicochemical interaction between AuNPs and -OH of rGO in GG1PD, which was characterized through different techniques and confirmed by computational calculation. This 3D controllable thin-film electrode was optimized and evaluated using [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as the redox probe and employed to covalently immobilize thiol-functionalized single-stranded DNA as biorecognition element to form the DNA nanobiosensor, which achieved fast, ultrasensitive, and high-selective differential pulse voltammetric analysis of DNA hybridization in a linear range from 1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-13 g m-1 with a low detection limit of 9.07 × 10-14 g m-1. This work will open a new pathway for the controllable 3D nanoarchitecture of the layer-by-layer-assembled metal nanoparticles-functionalized lower-generation PD with two-dimensional layered nanomaterials as cores that can be employed as ultrasensitive and label-free nanobiodevices for the fast diagnosis of specific genome diseases in the field of biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumarasamy Jayakumar
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors , Alagappa University , Karaikudi 630003 , India
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330045 , P. R. China
| | - María Belén Camarada
- Centro de Nanotecnologı́a Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Mayor , Santiago , Chile
| | - Venkataraman Dharuman
- Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors , Alagappa University , Karaikudi 630003 , India
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry , Pondicherry University , Pondicherry 6050114 , India
| | | | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Mahalingam Maniraj
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research , Khandwa Road , Indore 452001 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Abhishek Rai
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research , Khandwa Road , Indore 452001 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Sudipta Roy Barman
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research , Khandwa Road , Indore 452001 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Yangping Wen
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330045 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tani H, Takeshita JI, Aoki H, Nakamura K, Abe R, Toyoda A, Endo Y, Miyamoto S, Gamo M, Sato H, Torimura M. Identification of RNA biomarkers for chemical safety screening in mouse embryonic stem cells using RNA deep sequencing analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182032. [PMID: 28750099 PMCID: PMC5531504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is not yet possible to replace in vivo animal testing completely, the need for a more efficient method for toxicity testing, such as an in vitro cell-based assay, has been widely acknowledged. Previous studies have focused on mRNAs as biomarkers; however, recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are also efficient novel biomarkers for toxicity testing. Here, we used deep sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) to identify novel RNA biomarkers, including ncRNAs, that exhibited a substantial response to general chemical toxicity from nine chemicals, and to benzene toxicity specifically. The nine chemicals are listed in the Japan Pollutant Release and Transfer Register as class I designated chemical substances. We used undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a simplified cell-based toxicity assay. RNA-seq revealed that many mRNAs and ncRNAs responded substantially to the chemical compounds in mESCs. This finding indicates that ncRNAs can be used as novel RNA biomarkers for chemical safety screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tani
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakamura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Abe
- College of Engineering Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akinobu Toyoda
- College of Engineering Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Endo
- Department of Risk Engineering, Faculty of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Miyamoto
- Department of Risk Engineering, Faculty of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Gamo
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Torimura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bao B, Zhu J, Gong L, Chen J, Pan Y, Wang L. Sensitive DNA detection using cascade amplification strategy based on conjugated polyelectrolytes and hybridization chain reaction. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25882d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cascade amplification strategy that combines the molecular wire effects of CPEs with the signal amplification capability of the HCR has been developed for sensitive DNA detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Bao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Lina Gong
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Yanrui Pan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID)
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang FT, Cai LY, Zhou YL, Zhang XX. Immobilization-free DNA-based homogeneous electrochemical biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|