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Morimoto T, Izumi H, Tomonaga T, Nishida C, Kawai N, Higashi Y, Wang KY, Ono R, Sumiya K, Sakurai K, Moriyama A, Takeshita JI, Yamasaki K, Yatera K, Morimoto Y. The Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Intratracheal Instillation of Water-Soluble Acrylic Acid Polymer on the Lungs of Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3573. [PMID: 38612383 PMCID: PMC11011863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylic acid (PAA), an organic chemical, has been used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It has been suggested recently that PAA has a high pulmonary inflammatory and fibrotic potential. Although endoplasmic reticulum stress is induced by various external and intracellular stimuli, there have been no reports examining the relationship between PAA-induced lung injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress. F344 rats were intratracheally instilled with dispersed PAA (molecular weight: 269,000) at low (0.5 mg/mL) and high (2.5 mg/mL) doses, and they were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after exposure. PAA caused extensive inflammation and fibrotic changes in the lungs' histopathology over a month following instillation. Compared to the control group, the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers Bip and Chop in BALF were significantly increased in the exposure group. In fluorescent immunostaining, both Bip and Chop exhibited co-localization with macrophages. Intratracheal instillation of PAA induced neutrophil inflammation and fibrosis in the rat lung, suggesting that PAA with molecular weight 269,000 may lead to pulmonary disorder. Furthermore, the presence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in macrophages was suggested to be involved in PAA-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Morimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (T.M.); (K.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (H.I.); (T.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Taisuke Tomonaga
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (H.I.); (T.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Chinatsu Nishida
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan;
| | - Naoki Kawai
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (H.I.); (T.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Yasuyuki Higashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (T.M.); (K.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan;
| | - Ryohei Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; (R.O.); (K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuki Sumiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; (R.O.); (K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan; (R.O.); (K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Akihiro Moriyama
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan; (A.M.); (J.-i.T.)
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan; (A.M.); (J.-i.T.)
| | - Kei Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (T.M.); (K.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (T.M.); (K.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (H.I.); (T.T.); (N.K.)
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Hamano M, Nakamura T, Ito R, Shimada Y, Iwata M, Takeshita JI, Eguchi R, Yamanishi Y. DIRECTEUR: transcriptome-based prediction of small molecules that replace transcription factors for direct cell conversion. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae048. [PMID: 38273708 PMCID: PMC10868337 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Direct reprogramming (DR) is a process that directly converts somatic cells to target cells. Although DR via small molecules is safer than using transcription factors (TFs) in terms of avoidance of tumorigenic risk, the determination of DR-inducing small molecules is challenging. RESULTS Here we present a novel in silico method, DIRECTEUR, to predict small molecules that replace TFs for DR. We extracted DR-characteristic genes using transcriptome profiles of cells in which DR was induced by TFs, and performed a variant of simulated annealing to explore small molecule combinations with similar gene expression patterns with DR-inducing TFs. We applied DIRECTEUR to predicting combinations of small molecules that convert fibroblasts into neurons or cardiomyocytes, and were able to reproduce experimentally verified and functionally related molecules inducing the corresponding conversions. The proposed method is expected to be useful for practical applications in regenerative medicine. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The code and data are available at the following link: https://github.com/HamanoLaboratory/DIRECTEUR.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Hamano
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Ryoku Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Michio Iwata
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Ryohei Eguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
- Department of Complex Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Mohri H, Takeshita JI. Graph reliability evaluation via random K-out-of- N systems. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2022.2099897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Mohri
- Faculty of Commerce, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kamo M, Murakami M, Naito W, Takeshita JI, Yasutaka T, Imoto S. COVID-19 testing systems and their effectiveness in small, semi-isolated groups for sports events. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266197. [PMID: 35349588 PMCID: PMC8963550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of systems for COVID-19 testing in small groups of sport teams that are semi-isolated from the general population by countermeasures against infection. Two types of group were assumed, and the dynamics of infection within each group was modeled by using a compartment model of infectious disease. One group (Group A) comprised domestic professional sports teams that play many games over a season while remaining within a relatively small region. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were routinely conducted once every 2 weeks, and the number of infected individuals that could not be quarantined after identification by testing or checking for symptoms was defined as the risk. The other group (Group B) comprised teams that travel across borders for mass-gathering events like the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The teams were isolated for 2 weeks at their destination; frequent testing and checking for symptoms was conducted, and any infected individuals were quarantined. The number of infected individuals participating in games after the isolation period was defined as the risk. In Group A, the number of infected individuals detected by routinely conducted PCR testing was lower than the number of infected individuals detected by checking for symptoms, indicating that routine testing every 2 weeks was not very effective. In Group B, daily PCR testing was the most effective, followed by daily antigen testing. Dual testing, in which individuals with a positive antigen test were given an additional PCR test, was the least effective with an effect equal to PCR testing every other day. These results indicate that repeated testing does not necessarily increase the detection of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kamo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Michio Murakami
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Naito
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasutaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Geological Survey of Japan, Research Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Nishida C, Tomonaga T, Izumi H, Wang KY, Higashi H, Ishidao T, Takeshita JI, Ono R, Sumiya K, Fujii S, Mochizuki S, Sakurai K, Yamasaki K, Yatera K, Morimoto Y. Inflammogenic effect of polyacrylic acid in rat lung following intratracheal instillation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35062982 PMCID: PMC8780717 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Some organic chemicals are known to cause allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and it has been considered that they do not cause irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. It has recently been reported, however, that cross-linked acrylic acid-based polymer, an organic chemical, might cause serious interstitial lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated whether or not intratracheal instillation exposure to cross-linked polyacrylic acid (CL-PAA) can cause lung disorder in rats.
Methods
Male F344 rats were intratracheally instilled with dispersed CL-PAA at low (0.2 mg/rat) and high (1.0 mg/rat) doses, and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after exposure to examine inflammatory and fibrotic responses and related gene expressions in the lungs. Rat lungs exposed to crystalline silica, asbestos (chrysotile), and NiO and CeO2 nanoparticles were used as comparators.
Results
Persistent increases in total cell count, neutrophil count and neutrophil percentage, and in the concentration of the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, CINC-2 and C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), which correlated with lung tissue gene expression, were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 days until at least 1 month following CL-PAA intratracheal instillation. Persistent increases in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lung tissue were also observed from 3 days to 6 months after exposure. Histopathological findings of the lungs demonstrated that extensive inflammation at 3 days was greater than that in exposure to silica, NiO nanoparticles and CeO2 nanoparticles, and equal to or greater than that in asbestos (chrysotile) exposure, and the inflammation continued until 1 month. Fibrotic changes also progressed after 1 month postexposure.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that CL-PAA potentially causes strong neutrophil inflammation in the rat and human lung.
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Shimizu Y, Sasaki T, Takeshita JI, Watanabe M, Shizu R, Hosaka T, Yoshinari K. Identification of average molecular weight (AMW) as a useful chemical descriptor to discriminate liver injury-inducing drugs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253855. [PMID: 34170966 PMCID: PMC8232420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of major causes of discontinuing drug development and withdrawing drugs from the market. In this study, we investigated chemical properties associated with DILI using in silico methods, to identify a physicochemical property useful for DILI screening at the early stages of drug development. Total of 652 drugs, including 432 DILI-positive drugs (DILI drugs) and 220 DILI-negative drugs (no-DILI drugs) were selected from Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base of US Food and Drug Administration. Decision tree models were constructed using 2,473 descriptors as explanatory variables. In the final model, the descriptor AMW, representing average molecular weight, was found to be at the first node and showed the highest importance value. With AMW alone, 276 DILI drugs (64%) and 156 no-DILI drugs (71%) were correctly classified. Discrimination with AMW was then performed using therapeutic category information. The performance of discrimination depended on the category and significantly high performance (>0.8 balanced accuracy) was obtained in some categories. Taken together, the present results suggest AMW as a novel descriptor useful for detecting drugs with DILI risk. The information presented may be valuable for the safety assessment of drug candidates at the early stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Shizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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7
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Makino R, Akai K, Takeshita JI, Kudo T, Aoki K. Effect of disclosing the relation between effort and unit reliability on system reliability: An economic experiment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249722. [PMID: 33826677 PMCID: PMC8026045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose is to experimentally examine the effect of disclosing the risk probability of each unit in a production system on human behavior and the resulting system reliability. We used an economic experiment based on the theoretical model of Hausken (2002) to evaluate the effect of disclosing the relation between effort and unit reliability. We conducted first the non-disclosed-risk experiment and then the disclosed-risk experiment within subjects in both series and parallel systems. Our experimental results show that disclosing the relation between effort and unit reliability has two positive effects. First, subjects succeeded in improving the system reliability while cutting back on efforts to reduce the risk of their units when the risk probability was disclosed. In each system, the disclosed-risk condition achieves significantly higher system reliability on average than does the non-disclosed-risk condition, although the average level of effort is significantly lower under the disclosed-risk condition than under the non-disclosed-risk condition. Second, disclosing the risk probability simplified the subjects' decision-making process and reduced its cost because subjects made their decisions on the amount of effort to exert based only on the risk probability information without considering other factors, such as the number of accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Makino
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenju Akai
- Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Aoki
- Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Watanabe M, Sasaki T, Takeshita JI, Shizu R, Hosaka T, Yoshinari K. P27 - Association of cytochrome P450 reactivity and repeated-dose toxicity of chemical compounds. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tani H, Takeshita JI, Aoki H, Nakamura K, Abe R, Toyoda A, Endo Y, Miyamoto S, Gamo M, Sato H, Torimura M. Identification of RNA biomarkers for chemical safety screening in mouse embryonic stem cells using RNA deep sequencing analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182032. [PMID: 28750099 PMCID: PMC5531504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is not yet possible to replace in vivo animal testing completely, the need for a more efficient method for toxicity testing, such as an in vitro cell-based assay, has been widely acknowledged. Previous studies have focused on mRNAs as biomarkers; however, recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are also efficient novel biomarkers for toxicity testing. Here, we used deep sequencing analysis (RNA-seq) to identify novel RNA biomarkers, including ncRNAs, that exhibited a substantial response to general chemical toxicity from nine chemicals, and to benzene toxicity specifically. The nine chemicals are listed in the Japan Pollutant Release and Transfer Register as class I designated chemical substances. We used undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a simplified cell-based toxicity assay. RNA-seq revealed that many mRNAs and ncRNAs responded substantially to the chemical compounds in mESCs. This finding indicates that ncRNAs can be used as novel RNA biomarkers for chemical safety screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tani
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun-ichi Takeshita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakamura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Abe
- College of Engineering Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akinobu Toyoda
- College of Engineering Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Endo
- Department of Risk Engineering, Faculty of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Miyamoto
- Department of Risk Engineering, Faculty of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Gamo
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Torimura
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yashiro H, Takeshita JI, Okuwaki A, Okabe T. Proton-Catalyzed Formation of Methyl Carbamate in the Reaction of Isocyanic Acid in Methanol. BCSJ 1986. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.59.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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