1
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Freiberger M, Solymosi I, Freiberger EM, Hirsch A, Pérez-Ojeda ME, Drewello T. A molecular Popeye: Li +@C 60 and its complexes with [ n]cycloparaphenylenes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5665-5670. [PMID: 36896752 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we compare for the first time the stability of [n]cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP)-based host-guest complexes with Li+@C60 and C60 in the gas and the solution phase. Our gas-phase experiments reveal a significant increase in stability for the complexes featuring [9-12]CPP with Li+@C60. This increased interaction strength is also observed in solution. Isothermal titration calorimetry shows for the formation of [10]CPP⊃Li+@C60 a two orders of magnitude larger association constant than that for the C60 analog. Additionally, an increased binding entropy is observed. This study contributes to a better understanding of host-guest complexes between [n]CPPs and endohedral metallofullerenes at a molecular level, which is the prerequisite for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freiberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Iris Solymosi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Eva Marie Freiberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - M Eugenia Pérez-Ojeda
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
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2
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Lu D, Huang Q, Wang S, Wang J, Huang P, Du P. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Cycloparaphenylenes and Their Analogs. Front Chem 2019; 7:668. [PMID: 31649920 PMCID: PMC6794338 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and their analogs have recently attracted much attention due to their aesthetical structures and optoelectronic properties with radial π-conjugation systems. The past 10 years have witnessed a remarkable advancement in CPPs research, from synthetic methodology to optoelectronic investigations. In this present minireview, we highlight the supramolecular chemistry of CPPs and their analogs, mainly focusing on the size-selective encapsulation of fullerenes, endohedral metallofullerenes, and small molecules by these hoop-shaped macrocycles. We will also discuss the assembly of molecular bearings using some belt-persistent tubular cycloarylene molecules and fullerenes, photoinduced electron transfer properties in supramolecular systems containing carbon nanohoop hosts and fullerene guests, as well as the shape recognition properties for structure self-sorting by using dumbbell-shaped dimer of [60]fullerene ligand. Besides, the supramolecular complexes with guest molecules other than fullerenes, such as CPPs themselves, iodine, pyridinium cations, and bowl-shaped corannulene, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingsen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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3
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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4
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Ratchet-free solid-state inertial rotation of a guest ball in a tight tubular host. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1907. [PMID: 29765050 PMCID: PMC5954156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of molecules in the solid state holds promise for connecting molecular behaviors with properties of bulk materials. Solid-state dynamics of [60]fullerene (C60) is controlled by intimate intermolecular contacts and results in restricted motions of a ratchet phase at low temperatures. Manipulation of the solid-state dynamics of fullerene molecules is thus an interesting yet challenging problem. Here we show that a tubular host for C60 liberates the solid-state dynamics of the guest from the motional restrictions. Although the intermolecular contacts between the host and C60 were present to enable a tight association with a large energy gain of –14 kcal mol–1, the dynamic rotations of C60 were simultaneously enabled by a small energy barrier of +2 kcal mol–1 for the reorientation. The solid-state rotational motions reached a non-Brownian, inertial regime with an extremely rapid rotational frequency of 213 GHz at 335 K. Though dynamics of molecules are generally restricted by intermolecular contacts, C60 fullerene is able to rotate freely despite being tightly bound inside a molecular host. Here, the authors study the solid-state dynamics of this host-guest system to understand the anomalous relationship between tight association and low friction.
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5
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Matsuno T, Kamata S, Sato S, Yokoyama A, Sarkar P, Isobe H. Assembly, Thermodynamics, and Structure of a Two-Wheeled Composite of a Dumbbell-Shaped Molecule and Cylindrical Molecules with Different Edges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15020-15024. [PMID: 28994189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A carbonaceous dumbbell was able to spontaneously glue two tubular receptors to form a unique two-wheeled composite through van der Waals interactions, thus forcing the wheel components into contact with each other at the edges. In the present study, two tubular receptors with enantiomeric carbon networks were assembled on the dumbbell joint, and the handedness of the receptors was discriminated, thus leading to the self-sorting of homomeric receptors from a mixture of enantiomeric tubes. The crystal structures of the composites revealed the structural origins of the molecular recognition driven by van der Waals forces as well as the presence of a columnar array of C120 molecules in a 1:1 composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Kamata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yokoyama
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Present address: National Institute of Technology, Sasebo College, Okishin-cho, Sasebo, 857-1193, Japan
| | - Parantap Sarkar
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Present address: Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Matsuno T, Kamata S, Sato S, Yokoyama A, Sarkar P, Isobe H. Assembly, Thermodynamics, and Structure of a Two‐Wheeled Composite of a Dumbbell‐Shaped Molecule and Cylindrical Molecules with Different Edges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sho Kamata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yokoyama
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Present address: National Institute of Technology Sasebo College, Okishin-cho Sasebo 857-1193 Japan
| | - Parantap Sarkar
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Present address: Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences, Madhav Nagar Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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7
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Abstract
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes and analogues thereof are substances having excellent structural and electronic properties due to radial π-conjugation modes and porous structures. Since they are partial structures of carbon nanotubes, they have also attracted attention as a template for carbon nanotube synthesis. In this chapter, we introduce a series of research on the synthesis of cycloparaphenylenes and their analogues.
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8
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Matsuno T, Sato S, Yokoyama A, Kamata S, Isobe H. Self-Sorting of Two Hydrocarbon Receptors with One Carbonaceous Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15339-15343. [PMID: 27865043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-directional van der Waals forces in biological and synthetic supramolecular systems play important roles in molecular assembly, particularly in determining the distances of the interacting species. The van der Waals forces are normally used in combination with other directional forces and are considered to play a secondary role in achieving specificity and fidelity in molecular recognition. Using an ideal supramolecular system consisting solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms, we found that the van der Waals interactions enable the high-fidelity sorting of two homomeric receptors during ligand-induced assembly. The self-sorting occurred in a narcissistic manner by repulsion of a competing diastereoisomeric receptor from the assembly. The structure-sorting relationship study with enantiomers further revealed the dominant role of the van der Waals forces in shape recognition for high-fidelity self-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yokoyama
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sho Kamata
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Matsuno T, Sato S, Yokoyama A, Kamata S, Isobe H. Self-Sorting of Two Hydrocarbon Receptors with One Carbonaceous Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- JST, ERATO; Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- JST, ERATO; Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yokoyama
- JST, ERATO; Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Sho Kamata
- Department of Chemistry; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- JST, ERATO; Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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10
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Li S, Huang C, Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Syntheses and Structures of Functionalized [9]Cycloparaphenylenes as Carbon Nanohoops Bearing Carbomethoxy and N-Phenylphthalimido Groups. Org Lett 2016; 18:2268-71. [PMID: 27101316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Changfeng Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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11
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Isobe H, Nakamura K, Hitosugi S, Sato S, Tokoyama H, Yamakado H, Ohno K, Kono H. Reply to the 'Comment on "Theoretical studies on a carbonaceous molecular bearing: association thermodynamics and dual-mode rolling dynamics"' by E. M. Cabaleiro-Lago, J. Rodriguez-Otero and A. Gil, Chem. Sci., 2016, 7, DOI: 10.1039/C5SC04676A. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2929-2932. [PMID: 30102303 PMCID: PMC6054023 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00550k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We reply to the comments raised by Cabaleiro-Lago et al. on our article (H. Isobe et al., Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 2746-2753). Here we appreciate the common views we share and welcome the clarity this gives, and we discuss and question some of their criticisms of the original piece and clarify our opinion in this area. The most important answer can be found in the equation, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, derived from one of the best established fields in physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Isobe
- JST , ERATO , Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project and Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan . ;
- Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Shunpei Hitosugi
- Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- JST , ERATO , Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project and Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan . ;
- Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokoyama
- Graduate School of Systems Engineering , Wakayama University , Sakaedani 930 , Wakayama-shi 640-8510 , Japan
| | - Hideo Yamakado
- Graduate School of Systems Engineering , Wakayama University , Sakaedani 930 , Wakayama-shi 640-8510 , Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
- Institute for Quantum Chemical Exploration , Kaigan 3-9-15, Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-0022 , Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kono
- Department of Chemistry , Tohoku University , Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
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Sakamoto H, Fujimori T, Li X, Kaneko K, Kan K, Ozaki N, Hijikata Y, Irle S, Itami K. Cycloparaphenylene as a molecular porous carbon solid with uniform pores exhibiting adsorption-induced softness. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4204-4210. [PMID: 30155066 PMCID: PMC6013928 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular carbon nanoring, cycloparaphenylene (CPP), is fascinating as a new class of carbonaceous porous solids with the uniform structure of an all-benzene surface.
The molecular carbon nanoring, cycloparaphenylene (CPP), is fascinating as a new class of carbonaceous porous solids with the uniform structure of an all-benzene surface. We explored the feasibility of [12]CPP as a carbon-based porous material and uncovered its unique adsorption properties due to its shape and highly nonpolar surface. Unlike other porous carbon solids, [12]CPP shows stepwise adsorption behaviors sensitive to the functionalities of the guest molecules. In situ powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra provided insights into how [12]CPP accommodates the guest molecules with structural deformation retaining its structural periodicity during the whole adsorption process, which exemplifies that this molecular nanoring represents an unprecedented carbon-based soft porous solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sakamoto
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science , Shinshu University , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan .
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science , Shinshu University , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan .
| | - Katsumi Kaneko
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science , Shinshu University , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan .
| | - Kai Kan
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
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