1
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Cancilla D, Rettig MP, Karpova D, Thakellapalli H, Singh M, Meyers MJ, Ruminski PG, Christ S, Chendamarai E, Gao F, Gehrs L, Ritchey JK, Prinsen M, DiPersio JF. Targeting CXCR4, VLA-4, and CXCR2 for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1379-1383. [PMID: 38190608 PMCID: PMC10945136 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cancilla
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael P. Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Darja Karpova
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University School of Science and Engineering, St. Louis, MO
| | - Megh Singh
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marvin J. Meyers
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University School of Science and Engineering, St. Louis, MO
| | - Peter G. Ruminski
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephanie Christ
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ezhilarasi Chendamarai
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Leah Gehrs
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Julie K. Ritchey
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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2
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Oboh E, Schubert TJ, Teixeira JE, Stebbins EE, Miller P, Philo E, Thakellapalli H, Campbell SD, Griggs DW, Huston CD, Meyers MJ. Optimization of the Urea Linker of Triazolopyridazine MMV665917 Results in a New Anticryptosporidial Lead with Improved Potency and Predicted hERG Safety Margin. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11729-11745. [PMID: 34342443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by infection of the small intestine by Cryptosporidium parasites, resulting in severe diarrhea, dehydration, malabsorption, and potentially death. The only FDA-approved therapeutic is only partially effective in young children and ineffective for immunocompromised patients. Triazolopyridazine MMV665917 is a previously reported anti-Cryptosporidium screening hit with in vivo efficacy but suffers from modest inhibition of the hERG ion channel, which could portend cardiotoxicity. Herein, we describe our initial development of structure-activity relationships of this novel lead series with a particular focus on optimization of the piperazine-urea linker. We have discovered that piperazine-acetamide is a superior linker resulting in identification of SLU-2633, which has an EC50 of 0.17 μM, an improved projected margin versus hERG, prolonged pharmacokinetic exposure in small intestine, and oral efficacy in vivo with minimal systemic exposure. SLU-2633 represents a significant advancement toward the identification of a new effective and safe treatment for cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Oboh
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Tanner J Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Jose E Teixeira
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Erin E Stebbins
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Peter Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Emily Philo
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Scott D Campbell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - David W Griggs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States.,Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Christopher D Huston
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Marvin J Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States.,Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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3
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Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Li S, Heller JC, Zhang Y, Akhmedov NG, Milsmann C, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Synthesis of a Cyclophane Bearing Two Benz[a]anthracene Units Connected at the 5 and 7 Positions with Two Naphth-1,4-diyl Groups. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2455-2459. [PMID: 29377690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic pathway to a cyclophane bearing two benz[a]anthracene units connected at the 5 and 7 positions through two naphth-1,4-diyl groups was developed, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. Because of structural constraints, the two naphthyl groups are distorted from planarity and the bonds connecting them to the benz[a]anthracene units are bent significantly. The UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of the cyclophane are red-shifted from those of 7-(1-naphthalenyl)benz[a]anthracene, which is the corresponding monomeric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Josef C Heller
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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4
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Farajidizaji B, Thakellapalli H, Akhmedov NG, Wang KK. Synthesis of Molecular Nanohoops Bearing a Tetrahydro[6]cycloparaphenylene Fused to a Hydrogenated or a Bithiophene-Inserted Cycloparaphenylene. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1216-1222. [PMID: 29308641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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5
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Li S, Aljhdli M, Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Zhang Y, Akhmedov NG, Milsmann C, Popp BV, Wang KK. Synthesis and Structure of a Functionalized [9]Cycloparaphenylene Bearing Three Indeno[2,1-a]fluorene-11,12-dione-2,9-diyl Units. Org Lett 2017; 19:4078-4081. [PMID: 28727459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Merfat Aljhdli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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6
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Thakellapalli H, Li S, Farajidizaji B, Baughman NN, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Wang KK. Synthesis and Properties of Conjugated Macrocycles Containing 2,7-Bis(2-thienyl)-9H-fluoren-9-one Units. Org Lett 2017; 19:2674-2677. [PMID: 28492330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Notashia N. Baughman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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7
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Farajidizaji B, Huang C, Thakellapalli H, Li S, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized [12]Cycloparaphenylenes Containing Four Alternating Biphenyl and Naphthyl Units. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4458-4464. [PMID: 28357851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Changfeng Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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8
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Huang C, Li S, Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Huang Y, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Synthesis of Partially Hydrogenated Cycloparaphenylenes with Bent and Fused Structures Bearing Armchair Carbon Nanotube-like Connections. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1166-1174. [PMID: 28006099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reactions between 2 equiv of (E,E)-1,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-butadiene and 1,4-benzoquinone led to the formation of a key intermediate with all four 4-bromophenyl substituents cis to one another. The subsequent nickel-mediated homocoupling reactions then produced partially hydrogenated cycloparaphenylenes, including a molecule bearing two units of tetrahydro[6]cycloparaphenylene (4H[6]CPP) fused together through two 1,4-dimethoxybenzene units in an armchair (6,6)carbon nanotube-like connection. Similarly, two 6H[9]CPPs were connected through three 1,4-dimethoxybenzene units in an armchair (9,9)carbon nanotube-like arrangement. A bent 8H[12]CPP and a bent 12H[18]CPP, which were fused intramolecularly with two and three 1,4-dimethoxybenzene units, respectively, to create the bent structures, were likewise synthesized. A molecule containing a bent 8H[12]CPP fused to a 4H[6]CPP was likewise constructed. The structures of these partially hydrogenated CPPs were established by X-ray structure analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and additional independent synthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Yiwei Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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9
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Farajidizaji B, Thakellapalli H, Li S, Huang C, Baughman NN, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Synthesis of Cycloparaphenylenes Bearing Furan-2,5-diyl or 2,2’-Bifuran-5,5’-diyl Units in the Macrocyclic Structures. Chemistry 2016; 22:16420-16424. [PMID: 27607838 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Changfeng Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Notashia N. Baughman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
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10
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Li S, Huang C, Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Syntheses and Structures of Functionalized [9]Cycloparaphenylenes as Carbon Nanohoops Bearing Carbomethoxy and N-Phenylphthalimido Groups. Org Lett 2016; 18:2268-71. [PMID: 27101316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Changfeng Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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11
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Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Butcher TW, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Syntheses and Structures of Thiophene-Containing Cycloparaphenylenes and Related Carbon Nanohoops. Org Lett 2015; 17:3470-3. [PMID: 26135911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Trevor W. Butcher
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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12
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Foreman WT, Rose DL, Chambers DB, Crain AS, Murtagh LK, Thakellapalli H, Wang KK. Determination of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol isomers by heated purge-and-trap GC/MS in water samples from the 2014 Elk River, West Virginia, chemical spill. Chemosphere 2015; 131:217-24. [PMID: 25542639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A heated purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was used to determine the cis- and trans-isomers of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM), the reported major component of the Crude MCHM/Dowanol™ PPh glycol ether material spilled into the Elk River upriver from Charleston, West Virginia, on January 9, 2014. The trans-isomer eluted first and method detection limits were 0.16-μg L(-1)trans-, 0.28-μg L(-1)cis-, and 0.4-μg L(-1) Total (total response of isomers) 4-MCHM. Estimated concentrations in the spill source material were 491-g L(-1)trans- and 277-g L(-1)cis-4-MCHM, the sum constituting 84% of the source material assuming its density equaled 4-MCHM. Elk River samples collected⩽3.2 km downriver from the spill on January 15 had low (⩽2.9 μg L(-1) Total) 4-MCHM concentrations, whereas the isomers were not detected in samples collected 2 d earlier at the same sites. Similar 4-MCHM concentrations (range 4.2-5.5 μg L(-1) Total) occurred for samples of the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, on January 17, ∼630 km downriver from the spill. Total 4-MCHM concentrations in Charleston, WV, office tap water decreased from 129 μg L(-1) on January 27 to 2.2 μg L(-1) on February 3, but remained detectable in tap samples through final collection on February 25 indicating some persistence of 4-MCHM within the water distribution system. One isomer of methyl 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate was detected in all Ohio River and tap water samples, and both isomers were detected in the source material spilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Foreman
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, PO Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Donna L Rose
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, PO Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chambers
- U.S. Geological Survey, 1027 Virginia Street, Charleston, WV 25301, USA.
| | - Angela S Crain
- U.S. Geological Survey, 9818 Bluegrass Parkway, Louisville, KY 40299, USA.
| | - Lucinda K Murtagh
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, PO Box 25585, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Kung K Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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