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Zhao B, Zhang X, Bickle MS, Fu S, Li Q, Zhang F. Development of polypeptide-based materials toward messenger RNA delivery. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2250-2264. [PMID: 38213302 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05635j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutic agents have demonstrated significant potential in recent times, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. As a promising prophylactic and therapeutic strategy, polypeptide-based mRNA delivery systems attract significant interest because of their low cost, simple preparation, tuneable sizes and morphology, convenient large-scale production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this review, we begin with a brief discussion of the synthesis of polypeptides, followed by a review of commonly used polypeptides in mRNA delivery, including classical polypeptides and cell-penetrating peptides. Then, the challenges against mRNA delivery, including extracellular, intracellular, and clinical barriers, are discussed in detail. Finally, we highlight a range of strategies for polypeptide-based mRNA delivery, offering valuable insights into the advancement of polypeptide-based mRNA carrier development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Molly S Bickle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Shiwei Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Qingchun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
- The Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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2
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Zhao D, Rong Y, Li D, He C, Chen X. Thermo-induced physically crosslinked polypeptide-based block copolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad039. [PMID: 37265604 PMCID: PMC10229375 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive synthetic polypeptide-containing block copolymers have received considerable attention in recent years. Especially, unique thermo-induced sol-gel phase transitions were observed for elaborately-designed amphiphilic diblock copolypeptides and a range of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-polypeptide block copolymers. The thermo-induced gelation mechanisms involve the evolution of secondary conformation, enhanced intramolecular interactions, as well as reduced hydration and increased chain entanglement of PEG blocks. The physical parameters, including polymer concentrations, sol-gel transition temperatures and storage moduli, were investigated. The polypeptide hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and displayed biodegradation periods ranging from 1 to 5 weeks. The unique thermo-induced sol-gel phase transitions offer the feasibility of minimal-invasive injection of the precursor aqueous solutions into body, followed by in situ hydrogel formation driven by physiological temperature. These advantages make polypeptide hydrogels interesting candidates for diverse biomedical applications, especially as injectable scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue regeneration as well as depots for local drug delivery. This review focuses on recent advances in the design and preparation of injectable, thermo-induced physically crosslinked polypeptide hydrogels. The influence of composition, secondary structure and chirality of polypeptide segments on the physical properties and biodegradation of the hydrogels are emphasized. Moreover, the studies on biomedical applications of the hydrogels are intensively discussed. Finally, the major challenges in the further development of polypeptide hydrogels for practical applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Xuesi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- College of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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A sol-gel transition induced by dilution. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Chan NJ, Lentz S, Gurr PA, Scheibel T, Qiao GG. Mimicry of silk utilizing synthetic polypeptides. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Zheng B, Bai T, Tao X, Ling J. An Inspection into Multifarious Ways to Synthesize Poly(Amino Acid)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100453. [PMID: 34562289 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(α-amino acid)s (PAAs) attract growing attention due to their essential role in the application as biomaterials. To synthesize PAAs with desired structures and properties, scientists have developed various synthetic techniques with respective advantages. Here, different approaches to preparing PAAs are inspected. Basic features and recent progresses of these methods are summarized, including polymerizations of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), amino acid N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs), and N-phenoxycarbonyl amino acids (NPCs), as well as other synthetic routes. NCA is the most classical monomer to prepare PAAs with high molecular weights (MWs). NTA polymerizations are promising alternative pathways to produce PAAs, which can tolerate nucleophiles including alcohols, mercaptans, carboxyl acids, and water. By various techniques including choosing appropriate solvents or using organic acids as promoters, NTAs polymerize to produce polypeptoids and polypeptides with narrow dispersities and designed MWs up to 55.0 and 57.0 kg mol-1 , respectively. NPC polymerizations are phosgene-free ways to synthesize polypeptides and polypeptoids. For the future prospects, detail investigations into polymerization mechanisms of NTA and NPC are expected. The synthesis of PAAs with designed topologies and assembly structures is another intriguing topic. The advantages and unsettled problems in various synthetic ways are discussed for readers to choose appropriate approaches for PAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botuo Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinfeng Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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6
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Zhao D, Li D, Quan F, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, He C. Rapidly Thermoreversible and Biodegradable Polypeptide Hydrogels with Sol-Gel-Sol Transition Dependent on Subtle Manipulation of Side Groups. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3522-3533. [PMID: 34297548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermoreversible hydrogels are attractive materials for biomedical applications, but their applications are still limited by nonbiodegradability and/or slow temperature-dependent gel-to-sol transition rates. In this research, we prepared a range of amphiphilic diblock, triblock, and four-armed star block copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(γ-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl)-l-glutamate) (P(EEO2LG)) segments, which can form rapidly thermoreversible hydrogels at physiological temperature. Intriguingly, the obtained hydrogels can transform from gel to sol within 10-70 s in response to the temperature decrease from 37 to 0 °C. The thermosensitive sol-gel-sol transitions are markedly faster than previously reported thermoreversible PEG-poly(l-glutamate) derivative hydrogels with subtle differences in the side groups and a widely studied poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-PEG-b-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) hydrogel that required a much longer time of 40∼150 min. Further investigation of the relationship between the hydrogel property and polymer structure is performed, and the self-assembly mechanisms of different copolymers are proposed. Cytotoxicity assays and subcutaneous degradation experiments reveal that the PEG/P(EEO2LG) block copolymers are biocompatible and biodegradable. The polypeptide hydrogel can therefore be used as a three-dimensional platform for facile cell culture and collection by regulating the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fenli Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chaoliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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7
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Kimmins SD, Hanay SB, Murphy R, O'Dwyer J, Ramalho J, Ryan EJ, Kearney CJ, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA, Fitzgerald-Hughes D, Heise A. Antimicrobial and degradable triazolinedione (TAD) crosslinked polypeptide hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5456-5464. [PMID: 34048521 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are perfectly suited to support cell and tissue growth in advanced tissue engineering applications as well as classical wound treatment scenarios. Ideal hydrogel materials for these applications should be easy to produce, biocompatible, resorbable and antimicrobial. Here we report the fabrication of degradable covalent antimicrobial lysine and tryptophan containing copolypeptide hydrogels, whereby the hydrogel properties can be independently modulated by the copolypeptide monomer ratio and chiral composition. Well-defined statistical copolypeptides comprising different overall molecular weights as well as ratios of l- and d-lysine and tryptophan at ratios of 35 : 15, 70 : 30 and 80 : 20 were obtained by N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) polymerisation and subsequently crosslinked by the selective reaction of bifunctional triazolinedione (TAD) with tryptophan. Real-time rheology was used to monitor the crosslinking reaction recording the fastest increase and overall modulus for copolypeptides with the higher tryptophan ratio. Water uptake of cylindrical hydrogel samples was dependent on crosslinking ratio but found independent of chiral composition, while enzymatic degradation proceeded significantly faster for samples containing more l-amino acids. Antimicrobial activity on a range of hydrogels containing different polypeptide chain lengths, lysine/tryptophan composition and l/d enantiomers was tested against reference laboratory strains of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli; ATCC25922) and Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; ATCC25923). log reductions of 2.8-3.4 were recorded for the most potent hydrogels. In vitro leachable cytotoxicity tests confirmed non-cytotoxicity as per ISO guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kimmins
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Curauma, Placilla, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Saltuk B Hanay
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Joanne O'Dwyer
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicines, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jessica Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Emily J Ryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicines, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cathal J Kearney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicines, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicines, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland and Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, and National University or Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicines, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland and Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland and Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, and National University or Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Fitzgerald-Hughes
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland and Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, and National University or Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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8
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Hsu FM, Hu MH, Jiang YS, Lin BY, Hu JJ, Jan JS. Antibacterial polypeptide/heparin composite hydrogels carrying growth factor for wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110923. [PMID: 32409073 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient growth factor delivering system based on polypeptide/heparin composite hydrogels for wound healing application. Linear and star-shaped poly(l-lysine) (l-PLL and s-PLL) were chosen due to not only their cationic characteristics, facilitating the efficient complexation of negatively charged heparin, but also the ease to tune the physical and mechanical properties of as-prepared hydrogels simply by varying polypeptide topology and chain length. The results showed that polymer topology can be an additional parameter to tune hydrogel properties. Our experimental data showed that these composite hydrogels exhibited low hemolytic activity and good cell compatibility as well as excellent antibacterial activity, making them ideal as wound dressing materials. Unlike other heparin-based hydrogels, these composite hydrogels with heparin densely deposited on the surface can increase the stabilization and concentration of growth factor, which can facilitate the healing process as confirmed by our in vivo animal model. We believe that these PLL/heparin composite hydrogels are promising wound dressing materials and may have potential applications in other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ming Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Hu
- Bachelor Program for Design and Materials for Medical Equipment and Devices, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan; Orthopedic Department, Showchwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Yun Lin
- Instrument Center of National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jia Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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9
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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10
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Lan Y, Lv M, Guo S, Nasr P, Ladizhansky V, Vaz R, Corradini MG, Hou T, Ghazani SM, Marnangoni A, Rogers MA. Molecular motifs encoding self-assembly of peptide fibers into molecular gels. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9205-9214. [PMID: 31710326 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are a promising class of gelators, due to their structural simplicity, biocompatibility and versatility. Peptides were synthesized based on four amino acids: leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. These peptide gelators, with systematic structural variances in side chain structure and chain length, were investigated using Hansen solubility parameters to clarify molecular features that promote gelation in a wide array of solvents. It is of utmost importance to combine both changes to structural motifs and solvent in simultaneous studies to obtain a global perspective of molecular gelation. It was found that cyclization of symmetric dipeptides, into 2,5-diketopiperazines, drastically altered the gelation ability of the dipeptides. C-l-LL and C-l-YY, which are among the smallest peptide LMOGs reported to date, are robust gelators with a large radius of gelation (13.44 MPa1/2 and 13.90 MPa1/2, respectively), and even outperformed l-FF (5.61 MPa1/2). Interestingly, both linear dipeptides (l-FF and l-LL) gelled similar solvents, yet when cyclized only cyclo-dityrosine was a robust gelator, while cyclo-diphenylalanine was not. Changes in the side chains drastically affected the crystal morphology of the resultant gels. Symmetric cyclo dipeptides of leucine and tyrosine were capable of forming extremely high aspect ratio fibers in numerous solvents, which represent new molecular motifs capable of driving self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Muwen Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shenglan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pedram Nasr
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | | | - Raoul Vaz
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maria G Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. and Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Saeed M Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Alejandro Marnangoni
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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11
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Li Y, Chen J, Dong Y, Liu H, Liu D. Construction of pH-Triggered DNA Hydrogels Based on Hybridization Chain Reactions. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Wang S, Tan J, Guan X, Chen J, Zhang J, Wan X. Hydrogen bonds driven conformation autoregulation and sol-gel transition of poly(3,5-disubstituted phenylacetylene)s. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Ji S, Xu L, Fu X, Sun J, Li Z. Light- and Metal Ion-Induced Self-Assembly and Reassembly Based on Block Copolymers Containing a Photoresponsive Polypeptide Segment. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department; School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqin Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Machado CA, Smith IR, Savin DA. Self-Assembly of Oligo- and Polypeptide-Based Amphiphiles: Recent Advances and Future Possibilities. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Machado
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ian R. Smith
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel A. Savin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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16
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Zhao H, Xu K, Zhu P, Wang C, Chi Q. Smart hydrogels with high tunability of stiffness as a biomimetic cell carrier. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:84-97. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Chunli Wang
- “111 ” Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair; Bioengineering College; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics; Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan China
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17
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Soria-Carrera H, Lucía A, De Matteis L, Aínsa JA, de la Fuente JM, Martín-Rapún R. Polypeptidic Micelles Stabilized with Sodium Alginate Enhance the Activity of Encapsulated Bedaquiline. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800397. [PMID: 30645022 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The coating of polypeptidic micelles with sodium alginate is described as a strategy to improve the stability of micelles for drug delivery. Bedaquiline, approved in 2012 for the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, has been used as an example of hydrophobic drug to study the loading efficiency, the release of the encapsulated drug in different media, and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the system. Alginate coating prevents the burst release of the drug from micelles upon dilution and leads to a sustained release in all tested media. In view of possible oral administration, the alginate coated micelles show better stability in gastric and intestinal simulated media. Notably, the encapsulated bedaquiline shows increased in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to free bedaquiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Soria-Carrera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura De Matteis
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Rapún
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Kawamorita S, Fujiki M, Li Z, Kitagawa T, Imada Y, Naota T. Aggregation-induced Substrate Specificity in Aerobic Reduction of Olefins with Ultrasound Gel Catalyst of Synthetic Flavin. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kawamorita
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Misa Fujiki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Zimeng Li
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitagawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yasushi Imada
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Present address: Department of Chemical Science and Technology Institute of Technology and Science; The University of Tokushima; Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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19
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Investigation of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides by X-ray diffraction for controlled ring-opening polymerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Hou SS, Fan NS, Tseng YC, Jan JS. Self-Assembly and Hydrogelation of Coil–Sheet Poly(l-lysine)-block-poly(l-threonine) Block Copolypeptides. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Shu Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Shin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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21
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Turabee MH, Thambi T, Lym JS, Lee DS. Bioresorbable polypeptide-based comb-polymers efficiently improves the stability and pharmacokinetics of proteins in vivo. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:837-848. [PMID: 28287223 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polypeptides are a promising class of biomaterials due to their tunable physicochemical and biological properties. Herein, a series of novel pH- and thermo-responsive block copolymers based on polypeptides were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol)-diamine macroinitiator followed by aminolysis. The resulting polypeptide-based triblock copolymer, poly[(2-(dibutylamino)ethyl-l-glutamate)-co-(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate)]-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly[(2-(dibutylamino)ethyl-l-glutamate)-co-(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate)] (PNLG-co-PBLG-b-PEG-b-PBLG-co-PNLG), exists as a low viscous sol at low pH and temperature (≤pH 6.4, 25 °C) but it transforms to a soft gel under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C). The physical properties of the polypeptide gel can be tuned by controlling the ratio between hydrophobic PBLG and pH-sensitive PNLG blocks. The polypeptide-based copolymer did not show any noticeable cytotoxicity to fibroblast cells in vitro. It was found that subcutaneous injection of the polypeptide copolymer solution into the dorsal region of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats formed a gel instantly without major inflammation. The gels were completely biodegraded in six weeks and found to be bioresorbable. Human growth hormone (hGH)-loaded polypeptide-based biodegradable copolymer sols readily formed a viscoelastic gel that inhibited an initial burst and prolonged the hGH release for one week. Overall, due to their bioresorbable and sustained release protein characteristics, polypeptide hydrogels may serve as viable platforms for therapeutic protein delivery and the surface tunable properties of polypeptide hydrogels can be exploited for other potential therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasan Turabee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Seung Lym
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Abstract
Liposomes are spherical vesicles with a wide range of sizes from nano- to micrometer scale. For the past 7-8 decades, these vesicles have occupied the interest of a variety of scientists due to its physical, chemical, and mathematical properties and, to say the least, for its immense utility and potential as delivery vehicles for toxic and nontoxic excipients into biological tissues. Methods related to selection of reagents for creation of specific liposomes of certain properties are beyond the scope of this chapter, but here, we would outline a simplistic protocol to prepare and qualify an uniform batch of simple liposome with basic cargo. This chapter will attempt to provide the reader with a starting point for this immensely potent tool to build upon the right kind of liposome, appropriate for their studies.
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23
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Ji X, Wu RT, Long L, Guo C, Khashab NM, Huang F, Sessler JL. Physical Removal of Anions from Aqueous Media by Means of a Macrocycle-Containing Polymeric Network. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2777-2780. [PMID: 29437394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is a hydrogel-forming polymer network that contains a water-soluble tetracationic macrocycle. Upon immersion of this polymer network in aqueous solutions containing various inorganic and organic salts, changes in the physical properties are observed that are consistent with absorption of the constituent anions into the polymer network. This absorption is ascribed to host-guest interactions involving the tetracationic macrocyclic receptor. Removal of the anions may then be achieved by lifting the resulting hydrogels out of the aqueous phase. Treating the anion-containing hydrogels with dilute HCl leads to the protonation-induced release of the bound anions. This allows the hydrogels to be recycled for reuse. The present polymer network thus provides a potentially attractive approach to removing undesired anions from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ren-Tsung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lingliang Long
- Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
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24
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Synthesis and Properties of Shape Memory Poly(γ-Benzyl-l-Glutamate)-b-Poly(Propylene Glycol)-b-Poly(γ-Benzyl-l-Glutamate). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Fan J, Borguet YP, Su L, Nguyen TP, Wang H, He X, Zou J, Wooley KL. Two-Dimensional Controlled Syntheses of Polypeptide Molecular Brushes via N-Carboxyanhydride Ring-Opening Polymerization and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1031-1035. [PMID: 28966880 PMCID: PMC5617330 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined molecular brushes bearing polypeptides as side chains were prepared by a "grafting through" synthetic strategy with two-dimensional control over the brush molecular architectures. By integrating N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerizations (NCA ROPs) and ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMPs), desirable segment lengths of polypeptide side chains and polynorbornene brush backbones were independently constructed in controlled manners. The N2 flow accelerated NCA ROP was utilized to prepare polypeptide macromonomers with different lengths initiated from a norbornene-based primary amine, and those macromonomers were then polymerized via ROMP. It was found that a mixture of dichloromethane and an ionic liquid were required as the solvent system to allow for construction of molecular brush polymers having densely-grafted peptide chains emanating from a polynorbornene backbone, poly(norbornene-graft-poly(β-benzyl-l-aspartate)) (P(NB-g-PBLA)). Highly efficient postpolymerization modification was achieved by aminolysis of PBLA side chains for facile installment of functional moieties onto the molecular brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Yannick P. Borguet
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Lu Su
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Tan P. Nguyen
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Hai Wang
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
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26
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Xiao Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Heise A, Lang M. Synthesis and gelation of copolypept(o)ides with random and block structure. Biopolymers 2017; 107. [PMID: 28832933 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Copolypept(o)ides of polysarcosine (PSar) and poly(N-isopropyl-L-glutamine) (PIGA) with random and block sequence structures were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of sarcosine N-carboxyanhydrides (Sar-NCA) and γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydrides (BLG-NCA) and post modification. With different distribution of Sar along the main chain, H-bonding pattern and secondary structure of polypeptides were turned, as well as aggregation and gelation behavior. Both copolypept(o)ides formed hydrogels above their critical gelation concentrations (CGCs) without thermo-sensitivity, which was normally reserved for PEG copolypeptides (eg, PEG-b-PIGA). In particular, a different mechanism from previously reported micellar percolation or fibrillar entanglement was suggested for gelation of the random copolypept(o)ide. Therefore, hydrogels from copolymers of PSar and PIGA represented a new approach to construct easy-handling, biocompatible, biodegradable and thermo-stable gels that could potentially be applied in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Meidong Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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27
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Schneider HJ. Logic-Gate Functions in Chemomechanical Materials. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2306-2313. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der; Universität des Saarlandes; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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28
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Fan J, Li R, Wang H, He X, Nguyen TP, Letteri RA, Zou J, Wooley KL. Multi-responsive polypeptide hydrogels derived from N-carboxyanhydride terpolymerizations for delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5145-5154. [PMID: 28574067 PMCID: PMC5551480 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00931c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A polypeptide-based hydrogel system, when prepared from a diblock polymer with a ternary copolypeptide as one block, exhibited thermo-, mechano- and enzyme-responsive properties, which enabled the encapsulation of naproxen (Npx) during the sol-gel transition and its release in the gel state. Statistical terpolymerizations of l-alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and l-isoleucine (Ile) NCAs at a 1 : 1 : 1 feed ratio initiated by monomethoxy monoamino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) afforded a series of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-alanine-co-glycine-co-l-isoleucine) (mPEG-b-P(A-G-I)) block polymers. β-Sheets were the dominant secondary structures within the polypeptide segments, which facilitated a heat-induced sol-to-gel transition, resulting from the supramolecular assembly of β-sheets into nanofibrils. Deconstruction of the three-dimensional networks by mechanical force (sonication) triggered the reverse gel-to-sol transition. Certain enzymes could accelerate the breakdown of the hydrogel, as determined by in vitro gel weight loss profiles. The hydrogels were able to encapsulate and release Npx over 6 days, demonstrating the potential application of these polypeptide hydrogels as an injectable local delivery system for small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Richen Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Hai Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Tan P Nguyen
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Rachel A Letteri
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Taxes A&M University, P.O. BOX 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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29
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Gradišar Š, Žagar E, Pahovnik D. Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides Initiated by a Hydroxyl Group. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:637-640. [PMID: 35650850 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a method for preparation of well-defined synthetic polypeptides by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) initiated by a hydroxyl group. To overcome the issue of slow initiation by hydroxyl group, an acid catalyst was used in the initiation step to catalyze opening of the NCA ring by the hydroxyl group and to simultaneously suppress further chain propagation by protonation of the formed amine group. In this way, we have separated slow initiation from the fast chain propagation, since such a combination leads to poorly defined products, and instead performed them in a successive manner. Only after completion of the initiation, the propagation was started by the addition of a base to deprotonate the ammonium group. This method was successfully applied for the synthesis of homopolypeptides by using alcohol as an initiator as well as polypeptide-based block copolymers by using poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(styrene) macroinitiator terminated with the hydroxyl group. This approach not only expands the pool of possible initiators, but also significantly facilities the preparation of polypeptide-based hybrid polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Gradišar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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Jung IY, Kim JS, Choi BR, Lee K, Lee H. Hydrogel Based Biosensors for In Vitro Diagnostics of Biochemicals, Proteins, and Genes. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28371450 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based biosensors have drawn considerable attention due to their various advantages over conventional detection systems. Recent studies have shown that hydrogel biosensors can be excellent alternative systems to detect a wide range of biomolecules, including small biochemicals, pathogenic proteins, and disease specific genes. Due to the excellent physical properties of hydrogels such as the high water content and stimuli-responsive behavior of cross-linked network structures, this system can offer substantial improvement for the design of novel detection systems for various diagnostic applications. The other main advantage of hydrogels is the role of biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) matrix immobilizing enzymes and aptamers within the detection systems, which enhances their stability. This provides ideal reaction conditions for enzymes and aptamers to interact with substrates within the aqueous environment of the hydrogel. In this review, we have highlighted various novel detection approaches utilizing the outstanding properties of the hydrogel. This review summarizes the recent progress of hydrogel-based biosensors and discusses their future perspectives and clinical limitations to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Jung
- College of PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Kim
- College of PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Choi
- College of PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Lee
- College of PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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31
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Li P, Zhang J, Dong CM. Photosensitive poly(o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine)-b-PEO polypeptide copolymers: synthesis, multiple self-assembly behaviors, and the photo/pH-thermo-sensitive hydrogels. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We synthesize a photosensitive poly(o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer and fabricate three kinds of dual-sensitive (i.e., photo/pH-thermo) polypeptide normal and reverse micellar hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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32
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Xu Q, He C, Zhang Z, Ren K, Chen X. Injectable, Biomolecule-Responsive Polypeptide Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation and Facile Cell Recovery through Triggered Degradation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30692-30702. [PMID: 27762560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical applications, and increasing demand has been proposed to achieve dynamic regulation of physiological properties of hydrogels. Herein, a new type of injectable and biomolecule-responsive hydrogel based on poly(l-glutamic acid) (PLG) grafted with disulfide bond-modified phloretic acid (denoted as PLG-g-CPA) was developed. The hydrogels formed in situ via enzymatic cross-linking under physiological conditions in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The physiochemical properties of the hydrogels, including gelation time and the rheological property, were measured. Particularly, the triggered degradation of the hydrogel in response to a reductive biomolecule, glutathione (GSH), was investigated in detail. The mechanical strength and inner porous structure of the hydrogel were influenced by the addition of GSH. The polypeptide hydrogel was used as a three-dimensional (3D) platform for cell encapsulation, which could release the cells through triggered disruption of the hydrogel in response to the addition of GSH. The cells released from the hydrogel were found to maintain high viability. Moreover, after subcutaneous injection into rats, the PLG-g-CPA hydrogels with disulfide-containing cross-links exhibited a markedly faster degradation behavior in vivo compared to that of the PLG hydrogels without disulfide cross-links, implying an interesting accelerated degradation process of the disulfide-containing polypeptide hydrogels in the physiological environment in vivo. Overall, the injectable and biomolecule-responsive polypeptide hydrogels may serve as a potential platform for 3D cell culture and easy cell collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Chaoliang He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Kaixuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P.R. China
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Hou SS, Hsu YY, Lin JH, Jan JS. Alkyl-poly(l-threonine)/Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Hydrogels with Different Molecular Assemblies and Gel Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1201-1205. [PMID: 35614745 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report alkyl-poly(l-threonine)/cyclodextrin (alkyl-PLT/CD) supramolecular hydrogels with different molecular assemblies. Their properties are determined by the interplay between host-guest chemistry and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The gelation process was mainly dictated by the formation of alkyl chain/CD inclusion complex and PLT chain conformation. The dodecyl-PLT20/α-CD hydrogel exhibited laminar packing due to the sheet-to-coil conformational change upon forming inclusion complex. The hexadecyl-PLT20/β-CD hydrogel exhibited ribbon-like assemblies instead, because the peptide adopted mainly sheet conformation. The gel-to-sol transition occurred upon increasing temperature because of the decrease in hydrogen-bonding interactions and partly conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Shu Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hsien Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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34
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Rosu C, Cueto R, Russo PS. Poly(colloid)s: "Polymerization" of Poly(l-tyrosine)-silica Composite Particles through the Photoinduced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8392-8402. [PMID: 27504929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified proteins, PICUP, was extended to core-shell silica-polypeptide composite particles to produce poly(colloid)s. Silica particles coated with poly(l-tyrosine), PTYR-SiO2, served as the monomer units. The PICUP reaction accomplished the formation of dityrosil linkages between the tyrosine units by illumination of photo-oxidizing ruthenium(II) bipyridyl catalyst under physiological conditions. The PICUP method was compared with an enzymatic route intermediated by horseradish peroxidase as catalyst. The PTYR-SiO2 particles feature high PTYR content in the shell, which facilitated the formation of heavily cross-linked but unstructured aggregates. After magnetic alignment of superparamagnetic PTYR-SiO2-cobalt composite particles, only the PICUP approach enabled the preparation of isolated chain-like poly(colloid)s. The cross-linking products were confirmed by FTIR. The native secondary structure of poly(l-tyrosine) is preserved in these poly(colloid)s. Because the PICUP reaction does not require the modification of the polypeptide structure, the cross-linked PTYR will retain its characteristic functions as a poly(amino acid). The PICUP method opens the door to a variety of PTYR-based poly(colloid) architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Rosu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Georgia Tech Polymer Network, GTPN, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rafael Cueto
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Paul S Russo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Georgia Tech Polymer Network, GTPN, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Hou Y, Yuan J, Zhou Y, Yu J, Lu H. A Concise Approach to Site-Specific Topological Protein–Poly(amino acid) Conjugates Enabled by in Situ-Generated Functionalities. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10995-1000. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqin Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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He X, Fan J, Zou J, Wooley KL. Reversible photo-patterning of soft conductive materials via spatially-defined supramolecular assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8455-8. [PMID: 27305966 PMCID: PMC5043637 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for reversible patterning of soft conductive materials is described, based upon a combination of peptide-based block copolymer hydrogelators and photo-thermally-active carbon nanotubes. This composite displays photo-responsive gelation at application-relevant timescales (<10 s), allowing for rapid and spatially-defined construction of conductive patterns (>100 S m(-1)), which, additionally, hold the capability to revert to sol upon sonication for reprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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Xiong W, Fu X, Wan Y, Sun Y, Li Z, Lu H. Synthesis and multimodal responsiveness of poly(α-amino acid)s bearing OEGylated azobenzene side-chains. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo and thermal dual-responsive poly(α-amino acid)s with radial amphiphilicity were designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Yaoming Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yunlong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
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