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Xu Z, Liu S, Xu L, Li Z, Zhang X, Kang H, Liu Y, Yu J, Jing J, Niu G, Zhang X. A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe with high selectivity for lysosomal nitric oxide imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1297:342303. [PMID: 38438223 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays critical roles in both physiology and pathology, serving as a significant signaling molecule. Recent investigations have uncovered the pivotal role of lysosome as a critical organelle where intracellular NO exists and takes function. In this study, we developed a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe called XL-NO and modified it with a morpholine unit, which followed the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The probe could detect lysosomal nitric oxide with high selectivity and sensitivity. The probe XL-NO contained a secondary amine moiety that could readily react with NO in lysosomes, leading to the formation of the N-nitrosation product. The N-nitroso structure enhanced the capability in push-pull electron, which obviously led to the change of fluorescence from 621 nm to 521 nm. In addition, XL-NO was discovered to have some evident advantages, such as significant ratiometric signal (I521/I621) change, strong anti-interference ability, good biocompatibility, and a low detection limit (LOD = 44.3 nM), which were crucial for the detection of lysosomal NO. To evaluate the practical application of XL-NO, NO imaging experiments were performed in both living cells and zebrafish. The results from these experiments confirmed the feasibility and reliability of XL-NO for exogenous/endogenous NO imaging and lysosome targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Liren Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Hao Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Guangle Niu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photo-electronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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2
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Arnau Del Valle C, Thomas P, Galindo F, Muñoz MP, Marín MJ. Gold nanoparticle-based two-photon fluorescent nanoprobe for monitoring intracellular nitric oxide levels. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3387-3396. [PMID: 36919860 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00103b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of the immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Consequently, being able to monitor and quantify intracellular NO levels would provide a greater understanding of the implications of this molecule in the different biological processes, including, for example, in cancer. Here, we report a broadly applicable two-photon excitable fluorescent nanoprobe able to detect and potentially quantify NO levels in an extensive range of cellular environments. The nanoprobe consists of a thiolated photoinduced electron transfer-based two=photon fluorescent probe attached onto the surface of 2.4 ± 0.7 nm gold nanoparticles (DANPY-NO@AuNPs). The nanoprobe, which can be synthesised in a reproducible manner and exhibits great stability when stored at room temperature, is able to selectively detect NO in solution, with a dynamic range up to 150 μM, and at pH values of biological relevance. DANPY-NO@AuNPs were able to selectively detect endogenous NO in RAW264.7γ NO- macrophages and THP-1 human leukemic cells; and endogenous and exogenous NO in endothelial cells. The nanoprobe accumulated in the acidic organelles of the tested cell lines showing negligible toxicity. Importantly, DANPY-NO@AuNPs showed potential to quantify intracellular NO concentrations in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The biological evaluation of the nanoprobe was undertaken using confocal laser scanning (images and intracellular emission spectra) and multiphoton microscopies, and flow cytometry. Based on their excellent sensitivity and stability, and outstanding versatility, DANPY-NO@AuNPs can be applied for the spatiotemporal monitoring of in vitro and in vivo NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Arnau Del Valle
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Paul Thomas
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Cell Imaging, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7T, UK
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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3
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Wang L, Wang Z, Chen Y, Huang Z, Huang X, Xue M, Cheng H, Li B, Liu P. A novel dual-channel fluorescent probe for selectively and sensitively imaging endogenous nitric oxide in living cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 277:121280. [PMID: 35472703 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays various physiological and pathological roles in lots of biological processes. It is crucial to detect NO sensitively and selectively in vivo and in vitro as homeostasis of NO is closely related to various diseases. Herein, a novel dual-channel fluorescent dye (ENNH2) based on dicarboxyimide anthracene was developed as a highly sensitive and selective probe to detect NO in living systems using the dual-channel fluorescence. ENNH2 can emit bright red fluorescence due to the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the amino group at the 6-position of 1,2-dicarboxyimide anthracene to the conjugated aromatic ring, and the ICT is effectively inhibited by the reductive deamination of the amino in the presence of NO to obtain the remarkable strong green emission with the excellent sensitivity (5.52 nM). Promisingly, ENNH2 exhibits an excellent performance in endogenous NO dual-channel fluorescence imaging of RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ziqi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048 Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xianqi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048 Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingyue Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048 Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, PR China.
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Peilian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048 Guangdong, PR China.
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4
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Arnau Del Valle C, Williams L, Thomas P, Johnson R, Raveenthiraraj S, Warren D, Sobolewski A, Muñoz MP, Galindo F, Marín MJ. A highly photostable and versatile two-photon fluorescent probe for the detection of a wide range of intracellular nitric oxide concentrations in macrophages and endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112512. [PMID: 35850002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many biological processes affecting the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. Intracellular NO can be monitored using fluorescent probes in combination with fluorescence imaging techniques. Most of the currently available NO fluorescent molecular probes are excited via one-photon excitation using UV or Vis light, which results in poor penetration and high photodamage to living tissues. Here, we report a two-photon fluorescent molecular probe, DANPY-NO, able to detect NO in live cells. The probe consists of an o-phenylenediamine linked to a naphthalimide core; and operates via photoinduced electron transfer. DANPY-NO exhibits good sensitivity (LOD of 77.8 nM) and high selectivity towards NO, and is stable over a broad range of pHs. The probe targeted acidic organelles within macrophages and endothelial cells, and demonstrated enhanced photostability over a commercially available NO probe. DANPY-NO was used to selectively detect endogenous NO in RAW264.7ϒ NO- macrophages, THP-1 human leukemic cells, primary mouse (bone marrow-derived) macrophages and endothelial cells. The probe was also able to detect exogenous NO in endothelial cells and distinguish between increasing concentrations of NO. The NO detection was evidenced using confocal laser scanning and two-photon microscopies, and flow cytometry. Further evidence was obtained by recording the changes in the intracellular fluorescence emission spectrum of the probe. Importantly, the probe displayed negligible toxicity to the analysed biological samples. The excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability and versatility of DANPY-NO confirm its potential for in vitro and in vivo imaging of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Arnau Del Valle
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lewis Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Paul Thomas
- Faculty of Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Robert Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Derek Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Anastasia Sobolewski
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - María Paz Muñoz
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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5
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Wang L, Zhang J, An X, Duan H. Recent progress on the organic and metal complex-based fluorescent probes for monitoring nitric oxide in living biological systems. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1522-1549. [PMID: 31995085 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important gaseous signaling molecule related to various human diseases. To investigate the biological functions of NO, many strategies have been developed for real-time monitoring the NO levels in biological systems. Among these strategies, fluorescent probes are considered to be one of the most efficient and applicable methods owing to their excellent sensitivity and selectivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, noninvasiveness, and experimental convenience. Therefore, great efforts have been paid to the design, synthesis, and fluorescence investigation of novel NO fluorescent probes in the past several years. However, few of them exhibit practical applications owing to the low concentration, short half-life, and rapid diffusion characteristics of NO in biological systems. Rational design of NO fluorescent probes with excellent selectivity and sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, long-lived fluorescent emission, and low background interference is still a challenge for scientists all over the word. To provide spatial-temporal information, this article focuses on the progress made in the organic and metal complex-based NO fluorescent probes during the past five years. The key structural elements and sensing mechanisms of NO fluorescent probes are discussed. Some novel ratiometric, luminescence, and photoacoustic probes with low background interference and deep tissue penetrating ability are mentioned. All these probes have been used for imaging exogenous and endogenous NO in cells and animal models. More importantly, this article also describes the development of multi-functional NO fluorescent probes, such as organelle targeting probes, dual-analysis probes, and probe-drug conjugates, which will inspire the design of various functional fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China. and Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Jinan Qilu Science Patent Office Ltd, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue An
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250300, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongdong Duan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250300, Shandong Province, China.
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6
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Sharma P, Kumar M, Bhalla V. "Metal-Free" Fluorescent Supramolecular Assemblies for Distinct Detection of Organophosphate/Organochlorine Pesticides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19654-19660. [PMID: 32803060 PMCID: PMC7424749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The "metal-free", easy-to-prepare fluorescent supramolecular assemblies based on anthracene/perylene bisamide (PBI) derivatives have been developed for the distinct detection of organophosphate (CPF) and organochlorine (DCN) pesticides in aqueous media. The supramolecular assemblies of anthracene derivative show rapid and highly selective "on-on" response toward organophosphate (CPF), which is attributed to the formation of CPF-induced formation of "closely packed" assemblies. A detection limit in the nanomolar range is observed for CPF. On the other hand, the inner filter effect is proposed as the mechanism for the "on-off" detection of DCN using supramolecular assemblies of the anthracene derivative. This is the first report on the development of fluorescent materials having the potential to differentiate between organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides. The assemblies of anthracene derivative 2 also act as "enzyme mimic" as organophosphate pesticide show a preferential affinity for assemblies of derivative 2 over acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Further, the real-time applications of supramolecular assemblies have also been explored for the detection of CPF and DCN in spiked water and in agricultural products such as grapes and apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Sponsored Centre of Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Sponsored Centre of Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Sponsored Centre of Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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7
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Chen Y. Recent developments of fluorescent probes for detection and bioimaging of nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2020; 98:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Yang M, Fan J, Du J, Peng X. Small-molecule fluorescent probes for imaging gaseous signaling molecules: current progress and future implications. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5127-5141. [PMID: 34122970 PMCID: PMC8159392 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous gaseous signaling molecules including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been demonstrated to perform significant physiological and pharmacological functions and are associated with various diseases in biological systems. In order to obtain a deeper insight into their roles and mechanisms of action, it is desirable to develop novel techniques for effectively detecting gaseous signaling molecules. Small-molecule fluorescent probes have been proven to be a powerful approach for the detection and imaging of biological messengers by virtue of their non-invasiveness, high selectivity, and real-time in situ detection capability. Based on the intrinsic properties of gaseous signaling molecules, numerous fluorescent probes have been constructed to satisfy various demands. In this perspective, we summarize the recent advances in the field of fluorescent probes for the detection of NO, CO and H2S and illustrate the design strategies and application examples of these probes. Moreover, we also emphasize the challenges and development directions of gasotransmitter-responsive fluorescent probes, hoping to provide a general implication for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology No. 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
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9
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Agrawal S, Kumari R, Luthra PM. A reliable fluorimetric method to screen the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in 96 well plate. Anal Biochem 2019; 577:42-44. [PMID: 31009600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In general, 4 amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM-DA) dye is used to detect nitric oxide in biological systems through cell imaging. In this study, we have used 96 well plate format to quantify nitric oxide using DAF-FM-DA through a multimode reader (or independently using fluorospectrometer) and could be visualized in a fluorescence microscope. Similar study otherwise will require a high-end instrument. The method has been validated to screen NOS inhibitors in the HEK 293T cell lines over-expressing the NOS isoforms. We observed that the method is very simple to use, adaptive, sensitive and most importantly it saves time. REAGENTS/TOOLS: Ethanol (70% [v/v] in distilled water), Nω-Nitro-l-arginine (l-NAME), 7-Nitro-Indazole (7-NI) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), HEK 293T cell lines (National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India), DMEM (Himedia laboratories Pvt), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) without Phenol Red of pH 7.4 was prepared with the following composition: NaCl, 8.0g, KCl, 0.4g, CaCl2, 0.14g, MgSO4⋅7H2O, 0.1g, MgCl2·6H2O, 0.1g, Na2HPO4·2H2O, 0.06g, KH2PO4, 0.06g, glucose, 1.0g, NaHCO3, 0.35g, H2O, to 1000 ml, Sterilized and refrigerated, Calcium Ionophore A23187 (Sigma Aldrich 52665-69-7) DAF-FM Di Acetate (Molecular Probes Life Technologies), and DAF-FM Di Aceatate was prepared as a stock solution (5 mM) in DMSO, divided into aliquots and stored at -20 °C, followed by dilution to the required concentration in HBSS buffer before use. EQUIPMENT: Neubauer chamber, Microtube centrifuges (1.5 mL), Micropipettors,10,100, and 1000 mL with corresponding tips, multimode reader (Tecan, Synergy-HT), inverted fluorescence microscope (Nikon, eclipse Ti-S), black flat bottom Microplates (96-well) (Corning 3603).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agrawal
- Dr. BR Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Rita Kumari
- Dr. BR Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Pratibha Mehta Luthra
- Dr. BR Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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10
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Yuan X, Zhao CX, Lu YX, Shen YJ, Wang CY. A novel naphthalimide-based probe for highly sensitive and selective recognition of fluoride ion. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Towner RA, Smith N. In Vivo and In Situ Detection of Macromolecular Free Radicals Using Immuno-Spin Trapping and Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1404-1415. [PMID: 29084431 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In vivo free radical imaging in preclinical models of disease has become a reality. Free radicals have traditionally been characterized by electron spin resonance (ESR) or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with spin trapping. The disadvantage of the ESR/EPR approach is that spin adducts are short-lived due to biological reductive and/or oxidative processes. Immuno-spin trapping (IST) involves the use of an antibody that recognizes macromolecular 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) spin adducts (anti-DMPO antibody), regardless of the oxidative/reductive state of trapped radical adducts. Recent Advances: The IST approach has been extended to an in vivo application that combines IST with molecular magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI). This combined IST-mMRI approach involves the use of a spin-trapping agent, DMPO, to trap free radicals in disease models, and administration of an mMRI probe, an anti-DMPO probe, which combines an antibody against DMPO-radical adducts and an MRI contrast agent, resulting in targeted free radical adduct detection. CRITICAL ISSUES The combined IST-mMRI approach has been used in several rodent disease models, including diabetes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), gliomas, and septic encephalopathy. The advantage of this approach is that heterogeneous levels of trapped free radicals can be detected directly in vivo and in situ to pin point where free radicals are formed in different tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The approach can also be used to assess therapeutic agents that are either free radical scavengers or generate free radicals. Smaller probe constructs and radical identification approaches are being considered. The focus of this review is on the different applications that have been studied, advantages and limitations, and future directions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1404-1415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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12
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Theoretical Design of a Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Nitric Oxide with Enhanced Emission Induced by Photoninduced Electron Transfer. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18051324. [PMID: 29693568 PMCID: PMC5982152 DOI: 10.3390/s18051324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we systematically investigate the sensing abilities of two recently literature-reported two-photon fluorescent NO probes, i.e., the o-phenylenediamine derivative of Nile Red and the p-phenylenediamine derivative of coumarin. The recognition mechanisms of these probes are studied by using the molecular orbital classifying method, which demonstrates the photoinduced electron transfer process. In addition, we have designed two new probes by swapping receptor units present on fluorophores, i.e., the p-phenylenediamine derivative of Nile Red and the o-phenylenediamine derivative of coumarin. However, it illustrates that only the latter has ability to function as off-on typed fluorescent probe for NO. More importantly, calculations on the two-photon absorption properties of the probes demonstrate that both receptor derivatives of coumarin possess larger TPA cross-sections than Nile Red derivatives, which makes a better two photon fluorescent probe. Our theoretical investigations reveal that the underlying mechanism satisfactorily explain the experimental results, providing a theoretical basis on the structure-property relationships which is beneficial to developing new two-photon fluorescent probes for NO.
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13
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Wang Q, Jiao X, Liu C, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. A rhodamine-based fast and selective fluorescent probe for monitoring exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide in live cells. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4096-4103. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for fast detection of nitric oxide was synthesized by grafting a NO-trapper o-phenylenediamine onto a rhodamine fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Xiaojie Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
- Department of Function Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices
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14
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Tang J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Bai B, Zhu WH. Rational design of a fast and selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for targeted monitoring of endogenous nitric oxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10520-10523. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a fast and selective near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe for the targeted tracing of endogenous NO which possesses vital features including a significant turn-on NIR response, high specificity, and a fast response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junma Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Bing Bai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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15
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Sharma N, Reja SI, Gupta N, Bhalla V, Kaur D, Arora S, Kumar M. A highly selective fluorescent probe for Fe3+ in living cells: a stress induced cell based model study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1006-1012. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02209j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rhodamine–phenanthroline conjugated fluorescent probe 4 has been designed and synthesized for selective sensing and imaging of endogenous Fe3+ ions in living cells under different stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Shahi Imam Reja
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Davinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
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16
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Feng W, Qiao QL, Leng S, Miao L, Yin WT, Wang LQ, Xu ZC. A 1,8-naphthalimide-derived turn-on fluorescent probe for imaging lysosomal nitric oxide in living cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Hu Y, Chen L, Jung H, Zeng Y, Lee S, Swamy KMK, Zhou X, Kim MH, Yoon J. Effective Strategy for Colorimetric and Fluorescence Sensing of Phosgene Based on Small Organic Dyes and Nanofiber Platforms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22246-52. [PMID: 27498559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Three o-phenylendiamine (OPD) derivatives, containing 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole (NBD-OPD), rhodamine (RB-OPD), and 1,8-naphthalimide (NAP-OPD) moieties, were prepared and tested as phosgene chemosensors. Unlike previously described methods to sense this toxic agent, which rely on chemical processes that transform alcohols and amines to respective phosphate esters and phosphoramides, the new sensors operate through a benzimidazolone-forming reaction between their OPD groups and phosgene. These processes promote either naked eye visible color changes and/or fluorescence intensity enhancements in conjunction with detection limits that range from 0.7 to 2.8 ppb. NBD-OPD and RB-OPD-embedded polymer fibers, prepared using the electrospinning technique, display distinct color and fluorescence changes upon exposure to phosgene even in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Liyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyeseung Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yiying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University , Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Kunemadihalli Mathada Kotraiah Swamy
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, V. L. College of Pharmacy , Raichur 584103, India
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University , Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750, Korea
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