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Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang G, Yang X, Chang X, Xing G, Dong H, Wang J, Wang D, Mai Z, Jiang X. Advances in Host-Free White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: A Comprehensive Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:703. [PMID: 38930673 PMCID: PMC11205739 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The ever-growing prominence and widespread acceptance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly those employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), have firmly established them as formidable contenders in the field of lighting technology. TADF enables achieving a 100% utilization rate and efficient luminescence through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). However, the effectiveness of TADF-OLEDs is influenced by their high current density and limited device lifetime, which result in a significant reduction in efficiency. This comprehensive review introduces the TADF mechanism and provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in the development of host-free white OLEDs (WOLEDs) utilizing TADF. This review specifically scrutinizes advancements from three distinct perspectives: TADF fluorescence, TADF phosphorescence and all-TADF materials in host-free WOLEDs. By presenting the latest research findings, this review contributes to the understanding of the current state of host-free WOLEDs, employing TADF and underscoring promising avenues for future investigations. It aims to serve as a valuable resource for newcomers seeking an entry point into the field as well as for established members of the WOLEDs community, offering them insightful perspectives on imminent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Xiaotian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Material of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China;
| | - Xi Chang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Guoliang Xing
- Jilin Special Equipment Inspection Center, Jilin Special Equipment Accident Investigation Service Center, No. 866 Huadan Street, Longtan District, Jilin 132013, China;
| | - He Dong
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430206, China; (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430206, China; (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
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Liao C, Chen B, Xie Q, Li X, Liu H, Wang S. A Breakthrough in Solution-Processed Ultra-Deep-Blue HLCT OLEDs: A Record External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 10% Based on Novel V-Shaped Emitters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305310. [PMID: 37523270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
It is always a great challenge to achieve high-efficiency solution-processed ultra-deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinates matching the blue primary of Rec. International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication BT.2100, which specifies high dynamic range television image parameters. Inspired by hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state emitters improving exciton utilization through high-lying reverse intersystem crossing, here, a series of high-performance blue emitters by a V-shaped symmetric donor (D)-π-acceptor (A)-π-D design strategy are developed. Here, the large torsions and unstable bonds of D-A structures can be improved through π bridges, and also the conjugation length and donor groups can be easily adjusted. The obtained emitters merit excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties, thermal stability, solution processibility, and HLCT excited state excellence. Results suggest that the OLEDs based on the obtained blue emitters all achieve high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of more than 8% with very low efficiency roll-off. In particular, the device based on 4',5'-bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)spiro[fluorene-9,2'-imidazole] exhibits a satisfactory ultra-deep-blue emission (CIEx , y = 0.1579, 0.0387) and a record-high EQEmax (10.40%) among solution-processed HLCT OLEDs, which is very close to the record EQEmax of devices by vacuum vapor deposition technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qi Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xianggao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shirong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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Thiyagarajan MD, Balijapalli U, Nasiri S, Volyniuk D, Simokaitienec J, Pathak M, Iyer SK, Gražulevičius JV. Rational Synthesis of Tetrahydrodibenzophenanthridine and Phenanthroimidazole as Efficient Blue Emitters and their Applications. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umamahesh Balijapalli
- Department of Chemistry; School of Advanced Sciences; Vellore Institute of Technology; 632014 Vellore Tamilnadu India
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA); Kyushu University; 744 Motooka, Nishi 819-0395 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Sohrab Nasiri
- Kaunas University of Technology; Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology; Radvilenu pl.19, LT 50254 Kaunas Lithunania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Kaunas University of Technology; Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology; Radvilenu pl.19, LT 50254 Kaunas Lithunania
| | - Jurate Simokaitienec
- Kaunas University of Technology; Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology; Radvilenu pl.19, LT 50254 Kaunas Lithunania
| | - Madhvesh Pathak
- Department of Chemistry; School of Advanced Sciences; Vellore Institute of Technology; 632014 Vellore Tamilnadu India
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer
- Department of Chemistry; School of Advanced Sciences; Vellore Institute of Technology; 632014 Vellore Tamilnadu India
| | - Juozas Vidas Gražulevičius
- Kaunas University of Technology; Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology; Radvilenu pl.19, LT 50254 Kaunas Lithunania
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Vanga M, Sa S, Kumari A, Murali AC, Nayak P, Das R, Venkatasubbaiah K. Synthesis of π-extended B ← N coordinated phenanthroimidazole dimers and their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7737-7746. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
B ← N coordinated phenanthroimidazole dimers exhibit excellent fluorescence quantum yields in solution and conjugation length dependant two-photon-absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundam Vanga
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Shreenibasa Sa
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Anupa Kumari
- School of Physical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Anna Chandrasekar Murali
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Ritwick Das
- School of Physical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
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Muruganantham S, Velmurugan G, Jesuraj J, Hafeez H, Ryu SY, Venuvanalingam P, Renganathan R. Impact of tunable 2-(1 H-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile based fluorophores towards optical, thermal and electroluminescence properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14544-14557. [PMID: 35519310 PMCID: PMC9064231 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10448d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized 4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole and 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetonitrile based donor-π-acceptor fluorophores and studied their optical, thermal, electroluminescence properties. Both the fluorophores exhibit high fluorescence quantum yield (Φ f = <0.6) and good thermal stability (T d10 = <300 °C), and could be excellent candidates for OLED applications. Moreover, the ground and excited state properties of the compounds were analysed in various solvents with different polarities. The geometric and electronic structures of the fluorophores in the ground and excited states have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. The absorption of BIPIAN and BITIAN in various solvents corresponds to S0 → S1 transitions and the most intense bands with respect to the higher oscillator strengths are mainly contributed by HOMO → LUMO transition. Significantly, the vacuum deposited non-doped OLED device was fabricated using BITIAN as an emitter, and the device shows electroluminescence (EL) at 564 nm, maximum current efficiency (CE) 0.687 cd A-1 and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Muruganantham
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620 024 Tamil Nadu India +91-431-2407045 +91-431-2407053
| | - Gunasekaran Velmurugan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620 024 Tamil Nadu India +91-431-2407045 +91-431-2407053
| | - Justin Jesuraj
- School of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong City 30019 Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Hafeez
- School of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong City 30019 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Ryu
- School of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong City 30019 Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620 024 Tamil Nadu India +91-431-2407045 +91-431-2407053
| | - Rajalingam Renganathan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620 024 Tamil Nadu India +91-431-2407045 +91-431-2407053
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Liu F, Tao Y, Li J, Liu H, He X, Du C, Tang X, Lu P. Efficient Non‐doped Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Anthracene–Triphenylethylene Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1004-1012. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Futong Liu
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Tao
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chunya Du
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsJilin University 2699 Qianjin Avenue Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Dhanunjayarao K, Sa S, Aradhyula BPR, Venkatasubbaiah K. Synthesis of phenanthroimidazole-based four coordinate organoboron compounds. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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