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Ahmed MS, Nayak SK, Bhavani B, Banerjee D, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L, Soma VR, Raavi SSK. Hot carrier dynamics in metalated porphyrin-naphthalimide thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15681-15692. [PMID: 38766760 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study employs femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the rapid dynamics of excited state carriers in three metalated porphyrin-naphthalimide (PN) molecules and one free-base molecule. The dynamics of electron injection, from PN to mesoporous titania (TiO2), in PN adsorbed TiO2 films (Ti-PN), were carefully investigated and compared to PN adsorbed ZrO2 films (Zr-PN). In addition, we examined the self-assembled PN films and found that, in their self-assembled state, these molecules exhibited a longer relaxation time than Zr-PN monomeric films, where the charge injection channel was insignificant. The ground-state bleach band in the Ti-PN films gradually shifted to longer wavelengths, indicating the occurrence of the Stark effect. Faster electron injection was observed for the metalated PN systems and the electron injection times from the various excited states to the conduction band of TiO2 (CB-TiO2) were obtained from the target model analysis of the transient absorption spectra data matrix. In these metal-organic complexes, hot electron injection from PN to CB-TiO2 occurred on a time scale of <360 fs. Importantly, Cu(II)-based PN complexes exhibited faster injection and longer recombination times. The injection times have been estimated to result from a locally excited state at ≈280 fs, a hot singlet excited state at 4.95 ps, and a vibrationally relaxed singlet excited state at 97.88 ps. The critical photophysical and charge injection processes seen here provide the potential for exploring the underlying factors involved and how they correlate with photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soif Ahmed
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar Nayak
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
| | - Botta Bhavani
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venugopal Rao Soma
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), DRDO Industry Academia - Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Santosh Kumar Raavi
- Ultrafast Photophysics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India.
- Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
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Ramakrishna Y, Naresh M, Bhavani B, Prasanthkumar S. Conducting 1D nanostructures from light-stimulated copper-metalated porphyrin-dibenzothiophene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24539-24546. [PMID: 37661730 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02990e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Control over the dimensionality of stimulated organic semiconductors has aroused significant interest in organic electronics; however, the design of such materials still remains to be decided. Herein, we have developed three dibenzothiophene-appended freebase, zinc-metalated and copper-metalated porphyrin derivatives (PFb-DBT, PZn-DBT and PCu-DBT) in which PCu-DBT leads to an anion-binding complex in chloroform upon the application of light, resulting in self-assembled 1D nanostructures with high electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, light-stimulated freebase and zinc-metalated P-DBT undergo protonation and demetalation. Electron microscopic images displayed the anion-binding-assisted 1D nanostructure using weak non-covalent interactions, which promotes enhancement in electrical conductivity among other things, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectra. Thus, the generation of well-defined nanostructures with improved electronic characteristics from stimuli-responsive organic dyes suggests the importance of developing various smart materials for efficient field effect transistors and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelukala Ramakrishna
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Madarapu Naresh
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Botta Bhavani
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
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Bhavani B, Chanda N, Kotha V, Reddy G, Basak P, Pal U, Giribabu L, Prasanthkumar S. 1D alignment of Co(II) metalated porphyrin-napthalimide based self-assembled nanowires for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2021; 14:140-146. [PMID: 34904615 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06961f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen under visible light is an emerging phenomenon in green energy technology. Nevertheless, selecting an appropriate photocatalyst is rather significant to enhance hydrogen production on a large scale. In this context, organic photocatalysts have received considerable attention owing to their larger surface area, control in diffusion adsorption, nanostructures and electronic properties. Herein, we have developed five either free base or transition metalated porphyrin-napthalimide based donor-acceptor systems (PN1-PN5) and studied their morphology, electronic properties and catalytic behaviour. Detailed studies suggest that the Co(II) substituent D-A system (PN2) displayed a well-aligned one-dimensional (1D) nanowire with high electrical conductivity promoting remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (18 mM g-1 h-1) when compared to that of porphyrin-based derivatives reported until now. Thus, these results propose to investigate diverse metalated π-conjugated materials as photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botta Bhavani
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Nageshwarrao Chanda
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Vishal Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharastra, India
| | - Govind Reddy
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Pratyay Basak
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Ujjwal Pal
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymer & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201 002, India
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Light stimulated donor-acceptor forms charge transfer complex in chlorinated solvents. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Molina-Osorio AF, Yamamoto S, Robayo-Molina I, Gamero-Quijano A, Nagatani H, Scanlon MD. A soft on/off switch based on the electrochemically reversible H-J interconversion of a floating porphyrin membrane. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10227-10232. [PMID: 34377410 PMCID: PMC8336430 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft molecular assemblies that respond reversibly to external stimuli are attractive materials as on/off switches, in optoelectronic, memory and sensor technologies. In this Edge Article, we present the reversible structural rearrangement of a soft porphyrin membrane under an electrical potential stimulus in the absence of solid-state architectures. The free-floating porphyrin membrane lies at the interface between immiscible aqueous and organic electrolyte solutions and is formed through interfacial self-assembly of zinc(ii) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrins (ZnPor). A potential difference between the two immiscible electrolyte solutions induces the intercalation of bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium cations from the organic electrolyte that exchange with protons in the porphyrin membrane. In situ UV/vis absorbance spectroscopy shows that this ionic intercalation and exchange induces a structural interconversion of the individual porphyrin molecules in the membrane from an H- to a J-type molecular configuration. These structural rearrangements are reversible over 30 potential cycles. In situ polarisation-modulation fluorescence spectroscopy further provides clear evidence of structural interconversion of the porphyrin membrane, as intercalation of the organic electrolyte cations significantly affects the latter's emissive properties. By adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase, additional control of the electrochemically reversible structural interconversion can be achieved, with total suppression at pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Molina-Osorio
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL) Limerick V94 T9PX Ireland
| | - Sho Yamamoto
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Iván Robayo-Molina
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL) Limerick V94 T9PX Ireland
| | - Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL) Limerick V94 T9PX Ireland
| | - Hirohisa Nagatani
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan.,Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University Kakuma Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Micheál D Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL) Limerick V94 T9PX Ireland .,The Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre Ireland
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Mrinalini M, Naresh M, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L. Porphyrin-based supramolecular assemblies and their applications in NLO and PDT. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetrapyrrolic systems largely inspired by nature have attracted much attention in organic electronics and biomedical applications owing to their planar structure and extended [Formula: see text]-conjugated double bonds. As a result, delocalization of [Formula: see text]-electron cloud leads the excellent optical absorption and fluorescent properties. Nonetheless, the utilization of non-covalent interactions result in the self-assembled nanostructures providing applications in bioimaging and electronics. In this review, it is demonstrated that the recent reports on the self-assembly in tetrapyrrolic systems via supramolecular interactions lead to well-defined nanoarchitectures. Moreover, the importance of porphyrin based derivatives in nanoelectronics and chemotherapeutic applications is reported. Therefore, the inclination of tetrapyrroles towards the design and development of novel supramolecular nanostructures are considered the hallmark for nanorobotics, shape memory polymers and bionic arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoori Mrinalini
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Madarapu Naresh
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymer and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Sánchez-Vergara ME, Rios C, Jiménez-Sandoval O, Salcedo R. A Comparative Study of the Semiconductor Behavior of Organic Thin Films: TCNQ-Doped Cobalt Phthalocyanine and Cobalt Octaethylporphyrin. Molecules 2020; 25:E5800. [PMID: 33316924 PMCID: PMC7764035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure formed by cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and cobalt octaethylporphyrin (CoOEP) with electron-acceptor tetracyano-π-quinodimethane (TCNQ), was studied by Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. According to theoretical calculations, both cobalt systems can establish dispersion forces related to TCNQ and also in both cases the link between them is built by means of hydrogen bonds. Based on the results of these DFT calculations, we developed experimental work: the organic semiconductors were doped, and the thermal evaporation technique was used to prepare semiconductor thin films of such compounds. The structure of the films was studied by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of the CoPc-TCNQ and CoOEP-TCNQ films were investigated by means of UV-Vis measurements. The results obtained were used to estimate the type of transitions and the optical bandgap. The results were compared to the previously calculated theoretical bandgap. The CoOEP-TCNQ film presented the smallest theoretical and experimental bandgap. Finally, the electrical properties of the organic semiconductors were evaluated from a PET (polyethylene terephthalate)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/cobalt macrocycle-TCNQ/silver (Ag) device we prepared. The CoOEP-TCNQ-based device showed an ohmic behavior. The device manufactured from CoPc-TCNQ also showed an ohmic behavior at low voltages, but significantly changed to SCLC (space-charge limited conductivity) at high voltage values.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Sánchez-Vergara
- Engineering Department, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Estado de México 52786, Mexico
| | - Citlalli Rios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Omar Jiménez-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Salcedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (C.R.); (R.S.)
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Mrinalini M, Prasanthkumar S. Recent Advances on Stimuli‐Responsive Smart Materials and their Applications. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1103-1121. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madoori Mrinalini
- Polymers & Functional Materials DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007, Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials DivisionCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) Tarnaka Hyderabad- 500007, Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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