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Zhu Q, Chen S, Chen D, Lin L, Xiao K, Zhao L, Solà M, Zhu J. The application of aromaticity and antiaromaticity to reaction mechanisms. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:926-938. [PMID: 38933008 PMCID: PMC11197727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromaticity, in general, can promote a given reaction by stabilizing a transition state or a product via a mobility of π electrons in a cyclic structure. Similarly, such a promotion could be also achieved by destabilizing an antiaromatic reactant. However, both aromaticity and transition states cannot be directly measured in experiment. Thus, computational chemistry has been becoming a key tool to understand the aromaticity-driven reaction mechanisms. In this review, we will analyze the relationship between aromaticity and reaction mechanism to highlight the importance of density functional theory calculations and present it according to an approach via either aromatizing a transition state/product or destabilizing a reactant by antiaromaticity. Specifically, we will start with a particularly challenging example of dinitrogen activation followed by other small-molecule activation, C-F bond activation, rearrangement, as well as metathesis reactions. In addition, antiaromaticity-promoted dihydrogen activation, CO2 capture, and oxygen reduction reactions will be also briefly discussed. Finally, caution must be cast as the magnitude of the aromaticity in the transition states is not particularly high in most cases. Thus, a proof of an adequate electron delocalization rather than a complete ring current is recommended to support the relatively weak aromaticity in these transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), SICAM, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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2
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Wang H, Zhou Q, Gao A, Shang Z, Li R, Xu X. Computational Study of Iron-Catalyzed Intramolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and Cycloisomerization of Enyne Acetates: Mechanism and Selectivity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:944-951. [PMID: 36602522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of iron-catalyzed intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition and cycloisomerization of enyne acetates has been investigated with DFT computations. Both mechanisms start the catalytic cycle from the stepwise 1,2-acyloxy migration to afford the iron carbene. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition mechanism involves subsequent key steps of [2 + 2] cycloaddition, 1,2-acyloxy migration, and reductive elimination to generate the azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane product, with the reductive elimination being the rate-determining step. The cycloisomerization mechanism involves subsequent key steps of [2 + 2] cycloaddition, stepwise 1,4-acyloxy migration to produce the allenylpyrrolidine product, with the 1,4-acyloxy migration being the rate-determining step. Reaction potential energy surfaces for two model substrates that have or do not have alkene-terminal substituents have been investigated and the origins of the selectivities have been disclosed. Moreover, energy profiles with three possible spin states (SFe = 0, 1, 2) have been considered. The reaction is suggested to occur mainly on the singlet potential energy surface with a few spin crossovers between singlet and triplet states involved, which indicates that this reaction should have two-state reactivity (TSR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ailin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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3
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Li Y, Zhu J. Achieving a Favorable Activation of the C–F Bond over the C–H Bond in Five- and Six-Membered Ring Complexes by a Coordination and Aromaticity Dually Driven Strategy. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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4
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Rouf AM, Huang Y, Dong S, Zhu J. Systematic Design of a Frustrated Lewis Pair Containing Methyleneborane and Carbene for Dinitrogen Activation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5598-5606. [PMID: 33789042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of atmospherically abundant dinitrogen (N2) by metal-free species under mild reaction conditions has been one of the most challenging areas in chemistry for decades. Very recent but limited progress in N2 activation by boron species, including two-coordinated borylene and methyleneborane and three-coordinated borole and borane, has been made toward metal-free N2 activation. Here, we systematically probe an experimentally viable frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) containing two moieties (methyleneborane and carbene) for N2 activation via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which has proven to be an efficient approach for N2 activation in a thermodynamically and kinetically favorable manner. Aromaticity is found to play a crucial role in stabilization of the product. This study could be a valuable alternative for the development of metal-free N2 activation chemistry, highlighting great potential of FLP for N2 activation and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvi Muhammad Rouf
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang M, Liang G. Understanding the sigmatropic shifts of cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane in its Diels-Alder addition. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1732-1737. [PMID: 33543192 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02386h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To understand its dynamic processes in the Diels-Alder addition, temperature-dependent dynamic processes of cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane [1-(C5H5)Si(Me)3] are investigated by DFT computations. The degenerate sigmatropic migration of Si(Me)3 is found to be the dominant factor with a Gibbs free energy of activation of 13.2 kcal mol-1. The contribution from suprafacial hydrogen shifts is negligible, and the antarafacial sigmatropic hydrogen shifts are excluded due to their relatively high Gibbs barriers. Thermodynamically controlled Diels-Alder addition is obtained, which involves the critical interconversion between the 2,4-dienyl isomer 1 and 1,4-dienyl isomer 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Guangchao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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6
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Zhao Y, Zeng J, Zhu J. Tuning the hyperconjugative aromaticity in Au(III)-substituted indoliums. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8096-8101. [PMID: 34018516 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a fundamental concept in chemistry, aromaticity has been extended from traditional organics to organometallics. Similarly, hyperconjugative aromaticity (HCA) has also been developed from main group to transition metal systems through the hyperconjugation of the substituents. However, it remains unclear that how the oxidation state of transition metal in the substituents affects the HCA. Herein, we demonstrate via density functional theory calculations that HCA could disappear in indoliums when the Au(i) substituents are changed to the Au(iii) ones. By tuning the ligand or cis-trans isomerization, HCA could be regained or enhanced in indoliums containing Au(iii) substitutents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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7
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Zhuang D, Li Y, Zhu J. Antiaromaticity-Promoted Activation of Dihydrogen with Borole Fused Cyclooctatetraene Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Density Functional Theory Study. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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8
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Mboyi CD, Poater A, Poater J, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. Cyclopropenylidenephosphoranes: Rearrangement to Azetidinylidene-Methylphosphoniums. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7452-7458. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clève Dionel Mboyi
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Poater
- ICREA, Pg. Lluı́s Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; & Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 Route de Narbonne, Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse, France
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9
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Zhu Q, Chen S, Xu F, Zhu J. Reaction Mechanisms on [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azides with Metal Carbyne Complexes: Significant Effects of Aromaticity, Substituent, and Metal Center. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7318-7324. [PMID: 32338878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the reaction mechanisms on [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of azides with metal carbyne complexes. Our results reveal that the formation of a 1,4-metallatriazole regioisomer is a kinetically favorable process in comparison with the formation of 1,5-metallatriazole. Aromaticity plays an important role in stabilizing the products in these reactions. Further analyses show that the electron-donating ligand on metal centers or the electron-withdrawing group on the azide could accelerate the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. All of these findings could be useful for experimental chemists to develop "click reactions" in organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fangzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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10
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Zhuang D, Rouf AM, Li Y, Dai C, Zhu J. Aromaticity‐promoted CO
2
Capture by P/N‐Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Theoretical Study. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:266-272. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Alvi Muhammad Rouf
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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11
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Han J, Chen D, Zhu J. Isotopic Oxygen Exchange between CeO
2
and O
2
: A Heteroexchange Mechanism. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and ChemistryChina Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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12
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Zhu Q, Lin L, Rouf AM, Zhu J. Reaction Mechanisms on Unusual 1,2-Migrations of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Ligated Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3313-3319. [PMID: 31414563 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unusual 1,2-migration reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) on transition metals were investigated using density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal that the electronic properties, ring strain of the four-membered ring, and aromaticity of NHC play crucial roles in the thermodynamics of such a 1,2-migration. Further studies show that changing the methylene on the metal center in the reactant with a more electronegative group (NH or O) will lead to the formation of products with nitrogen coordinating to the metal center, whereas other groups (BH, CF2 , and SiH2 ) will make such a 1,2-migration reverse. In addition, the reversed rearrangement of 1,2-boron, silyl migration could be thermodynamically and kinetically favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Alvi Muhammad Rouf
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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