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Chen S, Imran S, Zhao Y, Zhu J. Probing the Limit of the Number of Saturated Atoms for Achieving Hyperconjugative Aromaticity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14162-14170. [PMID: 39014904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry. Hyperconjugative aromaticity, also known as hyperconjugation-induced aromaticity, has evolved from its origin from main group substituents to transition metal analogues, establishing itself as an important category of aromaticity. Additionally, aromatic compounds comprising two sp3-carbon atoms have recently been reported both experimentally and computationally. However, what is the maximum number of sp3-hybridized atoms needed to maintain hyperconjugative aromaticity? Here, we report that hyperconjugative aromaticity can be achieved in hexa-substituted indoliums and octa-substituted pyrroliums, possessing three-five sp3-hybridized carbon/nitrogen atoms by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The aromaticity was confirmed by using various aromaticity indices, i.e., NICS, MCI, and EDDB. Notably, the strong electron-donating ability and aurophilicity of Au(I) substituents play a pivotal role in maintaining the aromaticity and structural integrity. In addition, increasing the number of hyperconjugative centers will decrease the aromaticity in these five-membered rings. Our findings highlight the significance of transition metal substituents in hyperconjugative aromaticity and offer a novel approach for designing aromatic organometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sajid Imran
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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Riera Aroche R, Ortiz García YM, Martínez Arellano MA, Riera Leal A. DNA as a perfect quantum computer based on the quantum physics principles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11636. [PMID: 38773193 PMCID: PMC11109248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA is a complex multi-resolution molecule whose theoretical study is a challenge. Its intrinsic multiscale nature requires chemistry and quantum physics to understand the structure and quantum informatics to explain its operation as a perfect quantum computer. Here, we present theoretical results of DNA that allow a better description of its structure and the operation process in the transmission, coding, and decoding of genetic information. Aromaticity is explained by the oscillatory resonant quantum state of correlated electron and hole pairs due to the quantized molecular vibrational energy acting as an attractive force. The correlated pairs form a supercurrent in the nitrogenous bases in a single band π -molecular orbital ( π -MO). The MO wave function ( Φ ) is assumed to be the linear combination of the n constituent atomic orbitals. The central Hydrogen bond between Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) or Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) functions like an ideal Josephson Junction. The approach of a Josephson Effect between two superconductors is correctly described, as well as the condensation of the nitrogenous bases to obtain the two entangled quantum states that form the qubit. Combining the quantum state of the composite system with the classical information, RNA polymerase teleports one of the four Bell states. DNA is a perfect quantum computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Riera Aroche
- Department of Research in Physics, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Y M Ortiz García
- Research Institute of Dentistry, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - M A Martínez Arellano
- General Hospital of the State of Sonora, Boulevar José María Escrivá de Balaguer 157, Colonia Villa del Palmar, C.P. 83105, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - A Riera Leal
- General Hospital of the State of Sonora, Boulevar José María Escrivá de Balaguer 157, Colonia Villa del Palmar, C.P. 83105, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
- Research and Higher Education Center of UNEPROP, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Zhang J, Dang X, Dai J, Hu Y, Chen H. Simultaneous detection of eight phenols in food contact materials after electrochemical assistance solid-phase microextraction based on amino functionalized carbon nanotube/polypyrrole composite. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1183:338981. [PMID: 34627510 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical assistance solid-phase microextraction (EA-SPME) was developed based on amino functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole (MWCNTs-NH2/PPy) composite coating. It was applied for the extraction of eight phenols in food contact material, including 2-chlorophenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-tertoctylphenol and alpha-naphthol. MWCNTs-NH2/PPy coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, X-ray energy spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption mechanism of phenols on the composite coatings was investigated. The coating modified steel-wire as an extraction fiber has good electroconductibility, reproducibility and long service life. A determination method for the eight phenols was established by EA-SPME coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Under the optimal experimental conditions (extraction temperature: 40 °C; extraction time: 30 min; stirring rate: 600 rpm; NaCl concentration: 0.15 g mL-1; desorption temperature: 250 °C and desorption time: 4 min), the detection linear range was 0.005-50 μg L-1 (R2>0.99), and the detection limit was 0.001-0.1 μg L-1 (S/N = 3). For the quintuple analysis of 50 μg L-1 phenols, the single fiber RSDs were 2.2-12.4%, and the fiber-to-fiber RSDs were 1.9-10.5%. The method was used to detect the migration quantity of the eight phenols from five canned packaging materials, which showed satisfactory recovery 87.3-118.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Xueping Dang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China.
| | - Jiahuan Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Yuling Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Huaixia Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
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Rouf AM, Huang Y, Dong S, Zhu J. Systematic Design of a Frustrated Lewis Pair Containing Methyleneborane and Carbene for Dinitrogen Activation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5598-5606. [PMID: 33789042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of atmospherically abundant dinitrogen (N2) by metal-free species under mild reaction conditions has been one of the most challenging areas in chemistry for decades. Very recent but limited progress in N2 activation by boron species, including two-coordinated borylene and methyleneborane and three-coordinated borole and borane, has been made toward metal-free N2 activation. Here, we systematically probe an experimentally viable frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) containing two moieties (methyleneborane and carbene) for N2 activation via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which has proven to be an efficient approach for N2 activation in a thermodynamically and kinetically favorable manner. Aromaticity is found to play a crucial role in stabilization of the product. This study could be a valuable alternative for the development of metal-free N2 activation chemistry, highlighting great potential of FLP for N2 activation and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvi Muhammad Rouf
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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Zeng J, Zhao Y, Xu F, Zhu J. Probing hyperconjugative aromaticity in 2H-pyrrolium and cyclopentadiene containing group 9 transition metal substituents: bridged carbonyl ligands can enhance aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2697-2702. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bridged carbonyls can enhance hyperconjugative aromaticity of group 9 transition metal disubstituted 2H-pyrrolium and cyclopentadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Fangzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
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Jena S, Tulsiyan KD, Rana A, Choudhury SS, Biswal HS. Non-conventional Hydrogen Bonding and Aromaticity: A Systematic Study on Model Nucleobases and Their Solvated Clusters. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1826-1835. [PMID: 32506748 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual development of aromaticity is essential to rationalize and understand the structure and behavior of aromatic heterocycles. This work addresses for the first time, the interconnection between aromaticity and sulfur/selenium centered hydrogen bonds (S/SeCHBs) involved in representative heterocycle models of canonical nucleobases (2-Pyridone; 2PY) and its sulfur (2-Thiopyridone; 2TPY) and selenium (2-Selenopyridone; 2SePY) analogs. The nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) and gauge induced magnetic current density (GIMIC) values suggested significant reduction of aromaticity upon replacement of exocyclic carbonyl oxygen with sulfur and selenium. However, we observed two-fold (57 %) and three-fold (80 %) enhancement in the aromaticity for 2TPY dimer, and 2SePY dimer, respectively which are connected through S/SeCHBs. Aromaticity enhancement was also noticed in 1 : 1 H-bonded complexes (heterodimers), micro hydrated clusters and for bulk hydration. It is expected that exocyclic S and Se incorporation into heterocycles without compromising aromatic loss would definitely reinforce to design new supramolecular building blocks via S/SeCH-bonded complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrakant Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District-Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, INDIA.,Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, INDIA
| | - Kiran Devi Tulsiyan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District-Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, INDIA.,Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, INDIA
| | - Abhijit Rana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District-Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, INDIA.,Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, INDIA
| | - Shubhranshu S Choudhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District-Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, INDIA.,Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, INDIA
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO-Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District-Khurda, PIN-752050, Bhubaneswar, INDIA.,Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, INDIA
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