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Teli P, Soni S, Teli S, Agarwal S. Unlocking Diversity: From Simple to Cutting-Edge Synthetic Methodologies of Bis(indolyl)methanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:8. [PMID: 38403746 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
From a synthetic perspective, bis(indolyl)methanes have undergone extensive investigation over the past two to three decades owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities, encompassing anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. These highly desirable attributes have spurred significant interest within the scientific community, leading to the development of various synthetic strategies that are not only more efficient but also ecofriendly. This synthesis-based literature review delves into the advancements made in the past 5 years, focusing on the synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes. The review encompasses a wide array of methods, ranging from well-established techniques to more unconventional and innovative approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the exploration of various substrates, encompassing readily available chemicals such as indole, aldehydes/ketones, indolyl methanols, etc. as well as the use of some specific compounds as starting materials to achieve the synthesis of this invaluable molecule. By encapsulating the latest developments in this field, this review provides insights into the expanding horizons of bis(indolyl)methane synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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Pang Q, Zuo WF, Zhang Y, Li X, Han B. Recent Advances on Direct Functionalization of Indoles in Aqueous Media. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200289. [PMID: 36722727 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Indoles and their derivatives have dominated a significant proportion of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and play an essential role in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, pesticides, and advanced materials. Compared with conventional synthetic strategies, direct functionalization of indoles provides straightforward access to construct diverse indole scaffolds. As we enter an era emphasizing green and sustainable chemistry, utilizing environment-friendly solvents represented by water demonstrates great potential in synthesizing valuable indole derivatives. This review aims to depict the critical aspects of aqueous-mediated indoles functionalization over the past decade and discusses the future challenges and prospects in this fast-growing field. For the convenience of readers, this review is classified into three parts according to the bonding modes (C-C, C-N, and C-S bonds), which focus on the diversity of indole derivatives, the prominent role of water in the chemical process, and the types of catalyst systems and mechanisms. We hope this review can promote the sustainable development of the direct functionalization of indoles and their derivatives and the discovery of novel and practical organic methods in aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Teli P, Sahiba N, Sethiya A, Soni J, Agarwal S. Triethylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Ionic Liquid-Assisted Highly Efficient Synthesis of Bis(indoyl)methanes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2181829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Ayushi Sethiya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Jay Soni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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Santos AS, Ferro RD, Viduedo N, Maia LB, Silva AMS, Marques MMB. Synthesis of Bis(3-indolyl)methanes Mediated by Potassium tert-Butoxide. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200265. [PMID: 36650736 PMCID: PMC9845755 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The indole moiety is an important N-heterocycle found in natural products, and a key structural component of many value-added chemicals including pharmaceuticals. In particular, bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIMs) are an important subgroup of indoles, composed of two indole units. Herein, we report the development of a simple method to access BIMs derivatives in yields of up to 77 % by exploiting a tBuOK-mediated coupling reaction of indoles and benzyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sofia Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Rita D. Ferro
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Nuno Viduedo
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Luísa B. Maia
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
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5
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Oxone-Promoted Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes from Arylmethylamines and Indoles. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Singh S, Mahato R, Sharma P, Yadav N, Vodnala N, Kumar Hazra C. Development of Transition-Metal-Free Lewis Acid-Initiated Double Arylation of Aldehyde: A Facile Approach Towards the Total Synthesis of Anti-Breast-Cancer Agent. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104545. [PMID: 35060647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a mild and robust double hydroarylation strategy for the synthesis of symmetrical /unsymmetrical diaryl- and triarylmethanes in excellent yields using Lambert salt (0.2-1.0 mol%). Despite the anticipated challenges associated with controlling selective product formation, unsymmetrical diaryl- and triarylmethanes products are obtained unprecedentedly. A highly efficient gram scale reaction has also been reported (TON for symmetrical product=475 and for unsymmetrical product=390). The synthetic utility of the methodology is demonstrated by the preparation of several unexplored diaryl- and triarylmethane-based biologically relevant molecules, such as arundine, vibrindole A, turbomycin B, and certain anti-inflammatory agents. A total synthesis of an anti-breast-cancer agent is also demonstrated. Control experiments, Hammett analysis, HRMS and GC-MS studies reveal the reaction intermediates and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rina Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Verma A, Dolui P, Hazra S, Elias AJ. Directing group enabled ‘On-Water’ C-H bond functionalization of ferrocene derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Kadu VD, Gund MS, Godage AS. A Sustainable Iodine Catalyzed C(sp
3
)‐
H
Bond Functionalization of Benzylamines towards Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes and Tris(indolyl)methanes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas D. Kadu
- School of Chemical Sciences Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Maruti S. Gund
- School of Chemical Sciences Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
| | - Amar S. Godage
- School of Chemical Sciences Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Solapur 413255 Maharashtra India
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Deb B, Debnath S, Chakraborty A, Majumdar S. Bis-indolylation of aldehydes and ketones using silica-supported FeCl 3: molecular docking studies of bisindoles by targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease binding sites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30827-30839. [PMID: 35498942 PMCID: PMC9041420 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein an operationally simple, efficient and versatile procedure for the synthesis of bis-indolylmethanes via the reaction of indoles with aldehydes or ketones in the presence of silica-supported ferric chloride under grindstone conditions. The prepared supported catalyst was characterized by SEM and EDX spectroscopy. The present protocol has several advantages such as shorter reaction time, high yield, avoidance of using harmful organic solvents during the reaction and tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Molecular docking studies targeted toward the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro or Mpro) enzymes were investigated with the synthesized bis-indoles. Our study revealed that some of the synthesized compounds have potentiality to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme by interacting with key amino acid residues of the active sites via hydrophobic as well as hydrogen bonding interactions. Silica supported FeCl3 catalyzed simple protocol for the synthesis of bis-indolylmethanes was explored via grindstone chemistry. Synthesized compounds were screened virtually as inhibitor by targeting the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 India +91-381-237-4802 +91-381-237-9070
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidalaya Tripura 799114 India
| | - Ankita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 India +91-381-237-4802 +91-381-237-9070
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 India +91-381-237-4802 +91-381-237-9070
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Saini P, Krishnan A, Yadav D, Hazra S, Elias AJ. External Catalyst‐Free Oxidation of Benzyl Halides to Benzoic Acids Using NaOH/TBHP in Water. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Saini
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anandhu Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Deepak Yadav
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Susanta Hazra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anil J. Elias
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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12
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Khanna L, Mansi, Yadav S, Misra N, Khanna P. “In water” synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes: a review. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1957113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Khanna
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansi
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Yadav
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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13
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Verma A, Hazra S, Dolui P, Elias AJ. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Alkylated Ketones and Quinolines in an Aqueous Medium via a Hydrogen‐Borrowing Strategy Using Ketones and Alcohols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Verma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Susanta Hazra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Pritam Dolui
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anil J. Elias
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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14
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Liu S, Zhao F, Chen X, Deng G, Huang H. Aerobic Oxidative Functionalization of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiwen Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University Yiyang 413000 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine of Hunan Province School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
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Bihani M, Ansari TN, Finck L, Bora PP, Jasinski JB, Pavuluri B, Leahy DK, Handa S. Scalable α-Arylation of Nitriles in Aqueous Micelles using Ultrasmall Pd Nanoparticles: Surprising Formation of Carbanions in Water. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Bihani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Tharique N. Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Lucie Finck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Pranjal P. Bora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Jacek B. Jasinski
- Materials Characterization, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bhavana Pavuluri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - David K. Leahy
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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