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Singh B, Gupta H. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for hybrid water electrolysis: structure-property-performance correlation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8020-8038. [PMID: 38994743 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid water electrolysis (HWE) is a promising pathway for the simultaneous production of high-value chemicals and clean H2 fuel. Unlike conventional electrochemical water splitting, which relies on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), HWE involves the anodic oxidation reaction (AOR). The AORs facilitate the conversion of organic or inorganic compounds at the anode into valuable chemicals, while the cathode carries out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to produce H2. Recent literature has witnessed a surge in papers investigating various AORs with organic and inorganic substrates using a series of transition metal-based catalysts. Over the past two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention for their exceptional performance in electrochemical water splitting. These catalysts possess distinct attributes such as highly porous architectures, customizable morphologies, open facets, high electrochemical surface areas, improved electron transport, and accessible catalytic sites. While MOFs have demonstrated efficiency in electrochemical water splitting, their application in hybrid water electrolysis has only recently been explored. In recent years, a series of articles have been published; yet there is no comprehensive article summarizing MOFs for hybrid water electrolysis. This article aims to fill this gap by delving into the recent progress in MOFs specifically tailored for hybrid water electrolysis. In this article, we systematically discuss the structure-property-performance relationships of various MOFs utilized in hybrid water electrolysis, supported by pioneering examples. We explore how the structure, morphology, and electronic properties of MOFs impact their performance in hybrid water electrolysis, with particular emphasis on value-added chemical generation, H2 production, potential improvement, conversion efficiency, selectivity, faradaic efficiency, and their potential for industrial-scale applications. Furthermore, we address future advancements and challenges in this field, providing insights into the prospects and challenges associated with the continued development and deployment of MOFs for hybrid water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baghendra Singh
- Southern Laboratories - 208A, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Harshit Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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2
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Zhao Y, Guo X, Sun H, Tao L. Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Technology: From Textile Fibers to Devices. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300361. [PMID: 38362667 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Smart textile fabrics have been widely investigated and used in flexible wearable electronics because of their unique structure, flexibility and breathability, which are highly desirable with integrated multifunctionality. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of textile fiber-based flexible wearable devices. However, the pristine textile fibers still can't meet the high standards for practical flexible wearable devices, which calls for the development of some effective modification strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the flexible wearable devices based on the textile fibers, putting special emphasis on the design and modifications of textile fibers. In addition, the applications of textile fibers in various fields and the critical role of textile fibers are also systematically discussed, which include the supercapacitors, sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators, thermoelectrics, and other self-powered electronic devices. Finally, the main challenges that should be overcome and some effective solutions are also manifested, which will guide the future development of more effective textile fiber-based flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Special Functional Textile Materials, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of High Performance Fiber Composites, JITRI-PGTEX Joint Innovation Center, PGTEX CHINA Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Jiangsu Ruilante New Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Province, YangZhou, 211400, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Special Functional Textile Materials, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Special Functional Textile Materials, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Special Functional Textile Materials, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Jiangsu Ruilante New Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Province, YangZhou, 211400, China
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3
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Lakhan MN, Hanan A, Wang Y, Liu S, Arandiyan H. Recent Progress on Nickel- and Iron-Based Metallic Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2465-2486. [PMID: 38265034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing sustainable energy solutions to safeguard the environment is a critical ongoing demand. Electrochemical water splitting (EWS) is a green approach to create effective and long-lasting electrocatalysts for the water oxidation process. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have become commonly utilized materials in recent years because of their distinguishing pore architectures, metal nodes easy accessibility, large specific surface areas, shape, and adaptable function. This review outlines the most significant developments in current work on developing improved MOFs for enhancing EWS. The benefits and drawbacks of MOFs are first discussed in this review. Then, some cutting-edge methods for successfully modifying MOFs are also highlighted. Recent progress on nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) based MOFs have been critically discussed. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the existing challenges and prospects for Ni- and Fe-based MOFs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazim Lakhan
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Abdul Hanan
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Centre for Applied Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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4
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Wang C, Fei Z, Wang Y, Ren F, Du Y. Recent progress of Ni-based nanomaterials for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction at large current density. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:851-861. [PMID: 38054822 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03636g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The precise design and development of high-performing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for the production of industrial hydrogen gas through water electrolysis has been a widely studied topic. A profound understanding of the nature of electrocatalytic processes reveals that Ni-based catalysts are highly active toward OER that can stably operate at a high current density for a long period of time. Given the current gap between research and applications in industrial water electrolysis, we have completed a systematic review by constructively discussing the recent progress of Ni-based catalysts for electrocatalytic OER at a large current density, with special focus on the morphology and composition regulation of Ni-based electrocatalysts for achieving extraordinary OER performance. This review will facilitate future research toward rationally designing next-generation OER electrocatalysts that can meet industrial demands, thereby promoting new sustainable solutions for energy shortage and environment issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenghao Fei
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, P. R. China.
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, P. R. China.
| | - Fangfang Ren
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, P. R. China.
| | - Yukou Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Mukherjee P, Sathiyan K, Bar-Ziv R, Zidki T. Chemically Etched Prussian Blue Analog-WS 2 Composite as a Precatalyst for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation in Alkaline Media. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14484-14493. [PMID: 37610830 PMCID: PMC10481376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical water-splitting reaction is a promising source of ecofriendly hydrogen fuel. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode impedes the overall process due to its four-electron oxidation steps. To address this issue, we developed a highly efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst by transforming Co-Fe Prussian blue analog nanocubes into hollow nanocages using dimethylformamide as a mild etchant and then anchoring tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoflowers onto the cages to boost OER efficiency. The resulting hybrid catalyst-derived oxide demonstrated a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 75 mV dec-1 in 1.0 M KOH and a high faradaic efficiency of 89.4%. These results were achieved through the abundant electrocatalytically active sites, enhanced surface permeability, and high electronic conductivity provided by WS2 nanoflowers and the porous three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the nanocages. Our research work uniquely combines surface etching of Co-Fe PBA with WS2 growth to create a promising OER electrocatalyst. This study provides a potential solution to the challenge of the OER in electrochemical water-splitting, contributing to UN SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and the Centers for Radical Reactions and Material
Research, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
| | - Krishnamoorthy Sathiyan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and the Centers for Radical Reactions and Material
Research, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
| | - Ronen Bar-Ziv
- Department
of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Centre, Negev, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Tomer Zidki
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and the Centers for Radical Reactions and Material
Research, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
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6
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Li L, Zhu Q, Han M, Tu X, Shen Y. MOF-derived single-atom catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis in metal-air batteries. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13487-13497. [PMID: 37563956 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts play a critical role in oxygen electrocatalysis, enabling great improvements for the future development and application of metal-air batteries. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis since they are endowed with the merits of a distinctive electronic structure, a low-coordination environment, quantum size effect, and strong metal-support interaction. In addition, MOFs afford a desirable molecular platform for ensuring the synthesis of well-dispersed SACs, endowing them with remarkably high catalytic activity and durability. In this review, we focus on the current status of MOF-derived SACs used as catalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis, with special attention to MOF-derived strategies for the fabrication of SACs and their application in various metal-air batteries. Finally, to facilitate the future deployment of high-performing SACs, some technical challenges and the corresponding research directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qianyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Meijun Han
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaobin Tu
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ying Shen
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction Vocational College, Changzhou 213147, Jiangsu Province, China.
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7
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Hu J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Li H. Recent Advances in Manganese-Based Materials for Electrolytic Water Splitting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076861. [PMID: 37047832 PMCID: PMC10095233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing earth-abundant and highly effective electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting is a prerequisite for the upcoming hydrogen energy society. Recently, manganese-based materials have been one of the most promising candidates to replace noble metal catalysts due to their natural abundance, low cost, adjustable electronic properties, and excellent chemical stability. Although some achievements have been made in the past decades, their performance is still far lower than that of Pt. Therefore, further research is needed to improve the performance of manganese-based catalytic materials. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the application of manganese-based materials as catalysts for electrolytic water splitting. We first introduce the mechanism of electrocatalytic water decomposition using a manganese-based electrocatalyst. We then thoroughly discuss the optimization strategy used to enhance the catalytic activity of manganese-based electrocatalysts, including doping and defect engineering, interface engineering, and phase engineering. Finally, we present several future design opportunities for highly efficient manganese-based electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
| | - Yuru Zhou
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
| | - Haijin Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
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8
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Sadeghi E, Peighambardoust NS, Chamani S, Aydemir U. Designing In Situ Grown Ternary Oxide/2D Ni-BDC MOF Nanocomposites on Nickel Foam as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting. ACS MATERIALS AU 2023; 3:143-163. [PMID: 38089730 PMCID: PMC9999482 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The security of future energy, hydrogen, is subject to designing high-performance, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HERs and OERs), for the realization of efficient overall water splitting. Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) introduce a large family of materials with versatile chemical and structural features for a variety of applications, such as supercapacitors, gas storage, and water splitting. Herein, a series of nanocomposites based on NCM/Ni-BDC@NF (N=Ni, C=Co, M:F=Fe, C=Cu, and Z=Zn, BDC: benzene dicarboxylic acid, NF: nickel foam) were directly developed on NF using a facile yet scalable solvothermal method. After coupling, the electronic structure of metallic atoms was well-modulated. Based on the XPS results, for the NCF/Ni-BDC, cationic atoms shifted to higher oxidation states, favorable for the OER. Conversely, for the NCZ/Ni-BDC and NCC/Ni-BDC nanocomposites, cationic atoms shifted to lower oxidation states, advantageous for the HER. The as-prepared NCF/Ni-BDC demonstrated prominent OER performance, requiring only 1.35 and 1.68 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode to afford 10 and 50 mA cm-2 current densities, respectively. On the cathodic side, NCZ/Ni-BDC exhibited the best HER activity with an overpotential of 170 and 350 mV to generate 10 and 50 mA cm-2, respectively, under 1.0 M KOH medium. In a two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer, the assembled NCZ/Ni-BDC (cathode) ∥ NCF/Ni-BDC (anode) couple demanded a cell voltage of only 1.58 V to produce 10 mA cm-2. The stability of NCF/Ni-BDC toward OER was also exemplary, experiencing a continuous operation at 10, 20, and 50 mA cm-2 for nearly 45 h. Surprisingly, the overpotential after OER stability at 50 mA cm-2 dropped drastically from 450 to 200 mV. Finally, the faradaic efficiencies for the overall water splitting revealed the respective values of 100 and 85% for the H2 and O2 production at a constant current density of 20 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Sadeghi
- Koç
University Boron and Advanced Materials Applications and Research
Center (KUBAM), Sariyer, Istanbul34450, Turkey
- Graduate
School of Sciences and Engineering, Koç
University, Sariyer, Istanbul34450, Turkey
| | - Naeimeh Sadat Peighambardoust
- Koç
University Boron and Advanced Materials Applications and Research
Center (KUBAM), Sariyer, Istanbul34450, Turkey
| | - Sanaz Chamani
- Koç
University Boron and Advanced Materials Applications and Research
Center (KUBAM), Sariyer, Istanbul34450, Turkey
| | - Umut Aydemir
- Koç
University Boron and Advanced Materials Applications and Research
Center (KUBAM), Sariyer, Istanbul34450, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul34450, Turkey
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9
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Kumar Yadav J, Singh B, Pal SK, Singh N, Lama P, Indra A, Kumar K. Chlorocobaloxime containing N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,8-naphthalamide peripheral ligands: synthesis, characterization and enhanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline medium. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:936-946. [PMID: 36597847 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02511f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new discrete cobaloxime based complexes with the general formula [ClCo(dioxime)2L] (1 and 2), L1 = N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,8-naphthalamide, L2 = 4-bromo-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,8-naphthalamide have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H, 13C{1H} NMR and PXRD. The molecular structures of both complexes have also been determined using single crystal X-ray crystallography. The solid state molecular structures revealed distorted octahedral geometry around the Co(III) central metal ion with two dioximes in the equatorial plane and axial positions are occupied by chloro and pyridine nitrogen of N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,8-naphthalamide ligands. Both complexes exhibit weaker non-covalent interactions (C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯π(Centroid) in complex 1 whereas C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Br in complex 2) resulting in the formation of dimeric and 1D supramolecular structures. Furthermore, these complexes are immobilized onto the surface of activated carbon cloth (CC) and their electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been investigated in alkaline and acidic media as well as buffer solution. In alkaline medium, we found that complex 2 exhibited impressive electrocatalytic HER activity and produced a current density of -10 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 260 mV, whereas complex 1 produced the same current density at an overpotential of 334 mV. An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectral study revealed the faster charge transfer kinetics of complex 2 than that of complex 1. Similarly, the low Tafel slope (100 mV dec-1) for the HER with complex 2 indicates faster HER kinetics compared to complex 1. The chronoamperometric study showed that complex 2 is stable under electrocatalytic HER conditions for 5 h without losing the initial current density and it has also been established that the complex structure is retained after electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Baghendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Prem Lama
- CSIR Indian Institute of Petroleum, Tech Block, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Arindam Indra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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10
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Zhang Y, Qi L. MOF-derived nanoarrays as advanced electrocatalysts for water splitting. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12196-12218. [PMID: 35968835 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient, nanostructured electrocatalysts with the desired compositions and structures is of great significance for improving the efficiency of water splitting toward hydrogen production. In this regard, metal-organic framework (MOF) derived nanoarrays have attracted great attention as promising electrocatalysts because of their diverse compositions and adjustable structures. In this review, the recent progress in MOF-derived nanoarrays for electrochemical water splitting is summarized, highlighting the structural design of the MOF-derived nanoarrays and the electrocatalytic performance of the derived composite carbon materials, oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, and phosphides. In particular, the structure-performance relationships of the MOF-derived nanoarrays and the modulation strategies toward enhanced catalytic activity for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are discussed, providing insights into the development of advanced catalysts for the HER and OER. The challenges and prospects in this promising field for future industrial applications are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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11
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Kumar Pal S, Singh B, Yadav JK, Yadav CL, Drew MGB, Singh N, Indra A, Kumar K. Homoleptic Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complexes as pre-catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13003-13014. [PMID: 35968800 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new functionalized Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complexes of the formula [Ni(Lx)2] (1-4) (L1 = N-methylthiophene-N-3-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate, L2 = N-methylthiophene-N-4-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate, L3 = N-benzyl-N-3-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate, and L4 = N-benzyl-N-4-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic techniques. The solid-state structure of complex 1 has also been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed a monomeric centrosymmetric structure for complex 1 in which two dithiocarbamate ligands are bonded to the Ni(II) metal ion in a S^S chelating mode resulting in a square planar geometry around the nickel center. These complexes are immobilized on activated carbon cloth (CC) and their electrocatalytic performances for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been investigated in aqueous alkaline solution. All the complexes act as pre-catalysts for the OER and undergo electrochemical anodic activation to form Ni(O)OH active catalysts. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization revealed the existence of the interface of molecular complex/Ni(O)OH, which acts as the real catalyst for the OER. The active catalyst obtained from complex 2 showed the best OER activity achieving 10 mA cm-2 current density at an overpotential of 330 mV in 1.0 M aqueous KOH solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Baghendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Arindam Indra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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12
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Advanced LDH-MOF Derived Bimetallic NiCoP Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation Reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Zhao X, Tao K, Han L. Self-supported metal-organic framework-based nanostructures as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2155-2166. [PMID: 35107472 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an interesting class of functional inorganic materials, have recently emerged as suitable electrode materials or templates/precursors of electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). The key in utilizing MOF-based electrode materials is to address the low electronic conductivity and poor stability issues. Therefore, the rational design and fabrication of self-supported binder-free electrodes is considered the most promising strategy to address these challenges. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the design and manufacture of self-supported MOF-based nanostructures and their use as binderless electrodes for SCs, especially over the last five years. The synthesis strategies for constructing pristine MOFs, MOF composites and MOF derivative arrays are overviewed. By highlighting the advantages and challenges of each class of electrode materials, we hope that this review will provide some insights into the rational design of MOF-based electrode materials to promote the future development of this highly exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Kai Tao
- School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Lei Han
- School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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14
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Li X, Wu D, Hua T, Lan X, Han S, Cheng J, Du KS, Hu Y, Chen Y. Micro/macrostructure and multicomponent design of catalysts by MOF-derived strategy: Opportunities for the application of nanomaterials-based advanced oxidation processes in wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150096. [PMID: 34798724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have demonstrated an effective wastewater treatment method. But the application of AOPs using nanomaterials as catalysts is challenged with a series of problems, including limited mass transfer, surface fouling, poor stability, and difficult recycling. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high tunability and ultrahigh porosity are emerging as excellent precursors for the delicate design of the structure/composition of catalysts and many MOF-derived catalysts with distinct physicochemical characteristics have shown optimized performance in various AOPs. Herein, to elucidate the structure-composition-performance relationship, a review on the performance optimization of MOF-derived catalysts to overcome the existing problems in AOPs by micro/macrostructure and multicomponent design is given. Impressively, MOF-derived strategy for the design of catalyst materials from the aspects of microstructure, macrostructure, and multicomponent (polymetallic, heteroatom doping, M/C hybrids, etc.) is firstly presented. Moreover, important advances of MOF-derived catalysts in the application of various AOPs (Fenton, persulfate-based AOPs, photocatalysis, electrochemical processes, hybrid AOPs) are summarized. The relationship between the unique micro/macrostructure and/or multicomponent features and performance optimization in mass transfer, catalytic efficiency, stability, and recyclability is clarified. Furthermore, the challenges and future work directions for the practical application of MOF-derived catalysts in AOPs for wastewater treatment are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Danhui Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuquan Lan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuaipeng Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Ke-Si Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongyou Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Mukherjee P, Sathiyan K, Vijay AK, Bar‐Ziv R, Zidki T. Hybrid nanostructure of Mixed Transition Metal Oxysulfides Supported by Porous PBA as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and the Centers for Radical Reactions and Materials Research Ariel University Ariel 4077625 Israel
| | - Krishnamoorthy Sathiyan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and the Centers for Radical Reactions and Materials Research Ariel University Ariel 4077625 Israel
| | - Aswin Kottapurath Vijay
- Department of Chemical Sciences and the Centers for Radical Reactions and Materials Research Ariel University Ariel 4077625 Israel
| | - Ronen Bar‐Ziv
- Department of Chemistry Nuclear Research Centre Negev Beer-Sheva 84190 Israel
| | - Tomer Zidki
- Department of Chemical Sciences and the Centers for Radical Reactions and Materials Research Ariel University Ariel 4077625 Israel
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16
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Singh B, Singh A, Yadav A, Indra A. Modulating electronic structure of metal-organic framework derived catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Nickel iron oxide electrocatalysts for electrochemical OER activity. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Cong Y, Huang S, Mei Y, Li TT. Metal-Organic Frameworks-Derived Self-Supported Carbon-Based Composites for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting. Chemistry 2021; 27:15866-15888. [PMID: 34472663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting has been considered as a promising strategy for the sustainable evolution of hydrogen energy and storage of intermittent electric energy. Efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting are urgently demanded to decrease the overpotentials and promote the sluggish reaction kinetics. Carbon-based composites, including heteroatom-doped carbon materials, metals/alloys@carbon composites, metal compounds@carbon composites, and atomically dispersed metal sites@carbon composites have been widely used as the catalysts due to their fascinating properties. However, these electrocatalysts are almost powdery form, and should be cast on the current collector by using the polymeric binder, which would result in the unsatisfied electrocatalytic performance. In comparison, a self-supported electrode architecture is highly attractive. Recently, self-supported metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed by coordination of metal centers and organic ligands have been considered as suitable templates/precursors to construct free-standing carbon-based composites grown on conductive substrate. MOFs-derived carbon-based composites have various merits, such as the well-aligned array architecture and evenly distributed active sites, and easy functionalization with other species, which make them suitable alternatives to non-noble metal-included electrocatalysts. In this review, we intend to show the research progresses by employment of MOFs as precursors to prepare self-supported carbon-based composites. Focusing on these MOFs-derived carbon-based nanomaterials, the latest advances in their controllable synthesis, composition regulation, electrocatalytic performances in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting (OWS) are presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are showed for the further developments of MOFs-derived self-supported carbon-based nanomaterials in electrocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Cong
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Shengsheng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yan Mei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and, Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
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19
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Ali U, Sohail K, Liu Y, Yu X, Xing S. Molybdenum and Phosphorous Dual‐Doped, Transition‐Metal‐Based, Free‐Standing Electrode for Overall Water Splitting. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | - Kamran Sohail
- Department of Chemistry Government College Gujranwala Satellite town Gujranwala Pakistan
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Xing
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin P. R. China
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20
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Singh AK, Yadav A, Indra A, Rastogi RB. Superior performance of ultrathin metal organic framework nanosheets for antiwear and antifriction testing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Kjeldgaard S, Dugulan I, Mamakhel A, Wagemaker M, Iversen BB, Bentien A. Strategies for synthesis of Prussian blue analogues. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201779. [PMID: 33614096 PMCID: PMC7890497 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a comparison of different common synthetic strategies for preparation of Prussian blue analogues (PBA). PBA are promising as cathode material for a number of different battery types, including K-ion and Na-ion batteries with both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. PBA exhibit a significant degree of structural variation. The structure of the PBA determines the electrochemical performance, and it is, therefore, important to understand how synthesis parameters affect the structure of the obtained product. PBA are often synthesized by co-precipitation of a metal salt and a hexacyanoferrate complex, and parameters such as concentration and oxidation state of the precursors, flow rate, temperature and additional salts can all potentially affect the structure of the product. Here, we report 12 different syntheses and compare the structure of the obtained PBA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Kjeldgaard
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Iulian Dugulan
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Aref Mamakhel
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anders Bentien
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Singh B, Prakash O, Maiti P, Menezes PW, Indra A. Electrochemical transformation of Prussian blue analogues into ultrathin layered double hydroxide nanosheets for water splitting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15036-15039. [PMID: 33188669 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06362b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a template directed route for the synthesis of self-supported cobalt-iron based Prussian blue analogues (PBAs). The PBAs are electrochemically transformed into layered double hydroxides to produce excellent water oxidation and hydrogen evolution activity, while the overall water splitting is attained at a cell voltage of 1.58 V to reach 20 mA cm-2 current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baghendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India.
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23
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Heo DY, Do HH, Ahn SH, Kim SY. Metal-Organic Framework Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2061. [PMID: 32927727 PMCID: PMC7569814 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived materials have been used for several applications, such as hydrogen storage and separation, catalysis, and drug delivery, owing to them having a significantly large surface area and open pore structure. In recent years, MOFs have also been applied to thin-film solar cells, and attractive results have been obtained. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the MOF materials are used in the form of an additive for electron and hole transport layers, interlayer, and hybrid perovskite/MOF. MOFs have the potential to be used as a material for obtaining PSCs with high efficiency and stability. In this study, we briefly explain the synthesis of MOFs and the performance of organic and dye-sensitized solar cells with MOFs. Furthermore, we provide a detailed overview on the performance of the most recently reported PSCs using MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Ha Huu Do
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Sang Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
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24
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Goel B, Vyas V, Tripathi N, Kumar Singh A, Menezes PW, Indra A, Jain SK. Amidation of Aldehydes with Amines under Mild Conditions Using Metal‐Organic Framework Derived NiO@Ni Mott‐Schottky Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ved Vyas
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ajit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Department of Chemistry Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arindam Indra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Shreyans K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India
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25
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Zhao D, Lu Y, Ma D. Effects of Structure and Constituent of Prussian Blue Analogs on Their Application in Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Molecules 2020; 25:E2304. [PMID: 32422929 PMCID: PMC7288040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of advanced energy-conversion devices such as water electrolysis has manifested dramatically over the past few decades because it is the current mainstay for the generation of green energy. Anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting is one of the biggest obstacles because of its extremely high kinetic barrier. Conventional OER catalysts are mainly noble-metal oxides represented by IrO2 and RuO2, but these compounds tend to have poor sustainability. The attention on Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBA) in the field of energy conversion systems was concentrated on their open-framework structure, as well as its varied composition comprised of Earth-abundant elements. The unique electronic structure of PBA enables its promising catalytic potential, and it can also be converted into many other talented compounds or structures as a precursor. This undoubtedly provides a new approach for the design of green OER catalysts. This article reviews the recent progress of the application of PBA and its derivatives in OER based on in-depth studies of characterization techniques. The structural design, synthetic strategy, and enhanced electrochemical properties are summarized to provide an outlook for its application in the field of OER. Moreover, due to the similarity of the reaction process of photo-driven electrolysis of water and the former one, the application of PBA in photoelectrolysis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Zhao
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Yuezhen Lu
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK;
| | - Dongge Ma
- School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
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26
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Mukhopadhyay S, Basu O, Nasani R, Das SK. Evolution of metal organic frameworks as electrocatalysts for water oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11735-11748. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of metal organic framework based water oxidation catalysts is discussed here in connection with various design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Basu
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
| | - Rajendar Nasani
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
| | - Samar K. Das
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
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