1
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Kumar Pal S, Singh B, Yadav JK, Yadav CL, Drew MGB, Singh N, Indra A, Kumar K. Homoleptic Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complexes as pre-catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13003-13014. [PMID: 35968800 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new functionalized Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complexes of the formula [Ni(Lx)2] (1-4) (L1 = N-methylthiophene-N-3-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate, L2 = N-methylthiophene-N-4-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate, L3 = N-benzyl-N-3-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate, and L4 = N-benzyl-N-4-pyridylmethyl dithiocarbamate) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic techniques. The solid-state structure of complex 1 has also been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed a monomeric centrosymmetric structure for complex 1 in which two dithiocarbamate ligands are bonded to the Ni(II) metal ion in a S^S chelating mode resulting in a square planar geometry around the nickel center. These complexes are immobilized on activated carbon cloth (CC) and their electrocatalytic performances for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been investigated in aqueous alkaline solution. All the complexes act as pre-catalysts for the OER and undergo electrochemical anodic activation to form Ni(O)OH active catalysts. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization revealed the existence of the interface of molecular complex/Ni(O)OH, which acts as the real catalyst for the OER. The active catalyst obtained from complex 2 showed the best OER activity achieving 10 mA cm-2 current density at an overpotential of 330 mV in 1.0 M aqueous KOH solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Baghendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Arindam Indra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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2
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Anamika, Yadav CL, Drew MGB, Kumar K, Singh N. Ferrocene-Functionalized Dithiocarbamate Zinc(II) Complexes as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for the One-Pot Synthesis of Chromene and Imidazopyrimidine Derivatives via Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6446-6462. [PMID: 33881858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Four new mononuclear/coordination polymeric (CP) zinc(II) complexes (1-4) of ferrocenyl/pyridyl-functionalized dithiocarbamate ligands, N-ferrocenylmethyl-N-butyl dithiocarbamate (L1), N-ferrocenylmethyl-N-ethylmorpholine dithiocarbamate (L2), N-ferrocenylmethyl-N-2-(diethylamino)ethylamine dithiocarbamate (L3), and N-4-methoxybenzyl-N-3-methylpyridyl dithiocarbamate (L4), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, and 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic techniques. The solid-state structures of complexes 1, 3, and 4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography as well as powder X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed a monomeric structure for complex 1 but 1D polymeric structures for complexes 3 and 4. In all complexes, dithiocarbamate ligands are bonded to the Zn(II) metal ion in a S^S chelating mode, and in the CPs, N atoms on the 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine and 3-pyridyl functionalities in the ligands on the neighboring molecules are also bonded to metal centers, leading to the formation of either a discrete tetrahedral molecule in 1 or 1D CP structures in 3 and 4. The Zn(II) metal centers in the polymeric structures exhibited either square-pyramidal or octahedral geometries. The supramolecular structures in these complexes are sustained via C-H···π (ZnCS2, chelate; 3 and 4), C-H···π, and H···H interactions. The catalytic performances of complexes have also been assessed in the Knoevenagel condensation and one-pot multicomponent reactions. Catalysis results showed that the CP 3 acts as a heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst with excellent transformation efficiency at low catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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3
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Yadav CL, Anamika, Rajput G, Kumar K, Drew MGB, Singh N. Effect of Substituents on the Crystal Structures, Optical Properties, and Catalytic Activity of Homoleptic Zn(II) and Cd(II) β-oxodithioester Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11417-11431. [PMID: 32799477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Five novel zinc(II) and cadmium(II) β-oxodithioester complexes, [Zn(L1)2] (1), [Zn(L2)2]n (2), [Zn(L3)2]n (3) [Cd(L1)2]n (4), [Cd(L2)2]n (5), with β-oxodithioester ligands, where L1 = 3-(methylthio)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-3-thioxoprop-1-en-1-olate, L2 = 3-(methylthio)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-3-thioxoprop-1-en-1-olate, and L3 = 3-(methylthio)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)-3-thioxoprop-1-en-1-olate, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C{1H}). The solid-state structures of all complexes were ascertained by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The β-oxodithioester ligands are bonded to Zn(II)/Cd(II) metal ions in an O∧S and N chelating/chelating-bridging fashion leading to the formation of 1D (in 2-4) and 2D (in 5) coordination polymeric structures, but complex 1 was obtained as a discrete tetrahedral molecule. Complex 4 crystallizes in the C2 chiral space group and has been studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The multidimensional assemblies in these complexes are stabilized by many important noncovalent C-H···π (ZnOSC3, chelate), π···π, C-H···π, and H···H interactions. The catalytic activities of 1-5 in reactions involving C-C and C-O bond formation have been studied, and the results indicated that complex 3 can be efficiently utilized as a heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation and multicomponent reactions to develop biologically important organic molecules. The luminescent properties of complexes were also studied. Interestingly, zinc complexes 1-3 showed strong lumniscent emission in the solid state, whereas cadmium complexes 4 and 5 exhibited bright luminescent emission in the solution phase. The semiconducting behavior of the complexes was studied by solid-state diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), which showed optical band gaps in the range of 2.49-2.62 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anamika
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gunjan Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, RCU Government Post Graduate College, Uttarkashi 249193, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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4
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Anamika, Yadav DK, Manar KK, Yadav CL, Kumar K, Ganesan V, Drew MGB, Singh N. New heteroleptic [Ni(ii) 1,1-dithiolate-phosphine] complexes: synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution studies. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3592-3605. [PMID: 32129347 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new heteroleptic Ni(ii) complexes with general formula [Ni(ii)(LL')] (L = 2-(methylene-1,1'-dithiolato)-5-phenylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (L1) and 2-(methylene-1,1'-dithiolato)-5,5'-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (L2); L' = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) and bis(diphenylphosphino)monosulphide methane (dppms) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy (IR, UV-Vis, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR). All complexes 1-4 have also been characterized by PXRD and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The solid state molecular structures revealed distorted square planar geometry about the four-coordinate Ni(ii) metal centre together with rare NiH-C intra/intermolecular anagostic interactions in axial positions. In these complexes supramolecular structures have been sustained by non-covalent C-HO, C-OH-O, C-Hπ, C-Hπ (NiCS2, chelate), ππ and HH interactions. Their electrocatalytic properties have been investigated for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in which complex 2 showed the highest activity with 10 mA cm-2 at the potential of 1.58 V vs. RHE. In addition, complex 2 also exhibits an OER onset potential at 1.52 V vs. RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Krishna K Manar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vellaichamy Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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5
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Yadav CL, Rajput G, Bisht KK, Drew MGB, Singh N. Spontaneous Resolution upon Crystallization and Preferential Induction of Chirality in a Discrete Tetrahedral Zinc(II) Complex Comprised of Achiral Precursors. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14449-14456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gunjan Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Ram Chandra Uniyal Government Post Graduate College, Uttarkashi 249193, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Ram Chandra Uniyal Government Post Graduate College, Uttarkashi 249193, India
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights
Campus, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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6
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Singh AK, Yadav CL, Mishra KB, Singh SK, Gupta AN, Tiwari VK, Drew MG, Singh N. Highly efficient and recyclable pre-catalysts based on mono- and dinuclear heteroleptic Cu(I) dithio- PPh3 complexes to produce variety of glycoconjugate triazoles. Molecular Catalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Kumari K, Singh AS, Manar KK, Yadav CL, Tiwari VK, Drew MGB, Singh N. Catalytic activity of new heteroleptic [Cu(PPh3)2(β-oxodithioester)] complexes: click derived triazolyl glycoconjugates. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and reusable precatalysts of Cu(i) β-oxodithioester PPh3 complexes for the synthesis of triazolyl glycoconjugates under “click” conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Anoop S. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Whiteknights
- Reading RG6 6AD
- UK
| | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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8
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Anamika A, Singh R, Manar KK, Yadav CL, Kumar A, Singh RK, Drew MGB, Singh N. Impact of substituents on the crystal structures and anti-leishmanial activity of new homoleptic Bi(iii) dithiocarbamates. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti-leishmanial activity of six structurally characterised new functionalised homoleptic Bi(iii) dithiocarbamate complexes having monomeric, dimeric and rare polymeric structures has been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Anamika
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | | | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
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9
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Anamika A, Agrahari AK, Manar KK, Yadav CL, Tiwari VK, Drew MGB, Singh N. Highly efficient structurally characterised novel precatalysts: di- and mononuclear heteroleptic Cu(i) dixanthate/xanthate–phosphine complexes for azide–alkyne cycloadditions. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01551e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prominent catalytic activities of novel di- and mononuclear Cu(i) xanthate/phosphine complexes have been investigated for the synthesis of triazolyl glycoconjugates using Click approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Anamika
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Anand K. Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | | | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
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10
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Yadav CL, Rajput G, Manar KK, Kumari K, Drew MGB, Singh N. Cooperative metal–ligand influence on the formation of coordination polymers, and conducting and photophysical properties of Tl(i) β-oxodithioester complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16264-16278. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Eight novel luminescent and semiconducting Tl(i) β-oxodithioester complexes forming 1D/2D coordination polymeric structures were investigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chote Lal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Gunjan Rajput
- Department of Chemistry
- Ram Chandra Uniyal Government PG College
- Uttarkashi-249193
- India
| | - Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Kavita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | | | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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11
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Abdullah S, Yadav CL, Vatsya S. Esterase profile of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations collected from Northern India exhibiting varied susceptibility to deltamethrin. Exp Appl Acarol 2012; 58:315-325. [PMID: 22669281 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an economically important ectoparasite of cattle. Chemical acaricides remain the most practical method for control of these pests. During past two decades there have been increasing reports of resistance development against synthetic pyrethroids in tick populations of this species throughout the world. A study was conducted to determine the level of susceptibility of R. (B.) microplus to deltamethrin collected from different geographical locations of northern India. LPT bioassay results revealed LC(50) values of deltamethrin ranging from 0.035 to 0.00037 % A.I. Esterase profile of the tick larval extracts using native PAGE, revealed 5 bands of esterase activity designated EST-5 to EST-1A. Inhibitory tests recognized EST-1, EST-2 and EST-3 as Acetylcholinesterases (AchEs), EST-4 and EST-5 as Carboxylesterases (CaEs). The band intensity varied between tick populations of various locations, being more intense in case of the resistant populations. An extra band of esterase activity (EST-1A) was obtained in larval extracts of ticks from 3 locations. This increased esterase activity may be involved in the resistance development in these tick populations. Acaricide resistance is a multi-factorial phenomenon, thus other causes of increased resistance like sodium channel mutation and reduced drug penetration (e.g. cuticle thickening) and behavioural changes (e.g. avoiding the pesticides) are to be tested in future in order to confirm the basic cause of the resistance development in these acaricide resistant tick populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaid Abdullah
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
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12
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Sharma D, Joshi S, Vatsya S, Yadav CL. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections in rodents of Tarai region of Uttarakhand. J Parasit Dis 2012; 37:181-4. [PMID: 24431566 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was aimed to investigate helminth biodiversity among rodents in order to evaluate the threat for helminth transmission to humans since they act as a potential source of parasitic zoonoses. In this study, faeces of 43 black rats (Rattus rattus) and 35 house mice (Mus musculus) were collected from various habitats viz. domestic places and agricultural fields of different parts of tarai region of Uttarakhand. These faecal samples were examined for the presence of parasitic eggs, adult and segments of the worms. The study revealed that the rodents were infected with 5 genera of helminth parasites, i.e. Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Syphacia muris, Capillaria hepatica, Trichuris muris and other strongyle eggs (2 species of cestodes and 4 species of nematodes). Adult Syphacia muris and segments of Hymenolepis nana were also recovered from faecal droppings. Of the 43 samples of black rat, all (100 %) and of the 35 samples of mice 9 (25.71 %) were found positive for one or more than one species of parasitic infections. Greater infection of H. diminuta 19 (44.18 %) followed by H. nana 17 (39.53 %) was seen in rat whereas mice were mostly infected with H. nana. The diversity and prevalence of various parasites reported here within domestic habitats may suggest that these can pose a high risk of helminth transmission to human population and are thus of considerable public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145 Uttarakhand India
| | - Sumit Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (MBGE), College of Basic Science and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145 Uttarakhand India
| | - Stuti Vatsya
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145 Uttarakhand India
| | - C L Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (CAU), Selesih, 496 014 Aizawl, Mizoram India
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13
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Kumar A, Garg R, Yadav CL, Vatsya S, Kumar RR, Sugumar P, Chandran D, Mangamoorib LN, Bedarkar SN. Immune responses against recombinant tick antigen, Bm95, for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165:119-24. [PMID: 19625129 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses against Bm95 recombinant cattle tick antigen and its protective efficacy for control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks were determined in experimental crossbred cow calves. Anti-Bm95 antibody titers, as assessed by indirect ELISA, in immunized calves ranged from 196.1+/-13.7 on day 0 to 7979.9+/-312.5 on day 110 post-primary immunization. The rise in antibody titer was statistically significant (p<0.01) throughout the study period. Besides this, constantly higher lymphoproliferative response (LPR), as assessed by lymphocyte stimulation test, was observed from 10 days post-immunization, but a positive LPR of antigen stimulated cells in immunized animals was recorded only on day 50 and day 70 post-immunization. Following challenge of immunized calves with larvae of R. microplus, significant increase (p<0.01) in rejection percentage, mean number of damaged ticks, mean percentage of dead ticks, and decrease in engorgement weight were recorded in immunized animals. Also, there were significant differences (p<0.01) in preoviposition period, oviposition period, egg mass weight and percent hatchability between the immunized and control calves. The percent reduction in number of adult females in vaccinated calves, reduction in mean weight of egg masses, percent reduction in mean weight and reduction in fertility of engorged females collected from vaccinated calves were determined and the efficacy of Bm95 recombinant cattle tick antigen was 81.27%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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14
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Garg R, Kumar RR, Yadav CL, Banerjee PS. Duration of anthelmintic effect of three formulations of ivermectin (oral, injectable and pour-on) against multiple anthelmintic-resistant haemonchus contortus in sheep. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31:749-55. [PMID: 17237985 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of investigations that were conducted in a sheep flock in Uttaranchal, India where repeated failure of anthelmintic medication was noted. The study revealed that Haemonchus contortus in sheep had developed resistance to benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, mebendazole and albendazole), imidazothiazole (levamisole) and salicylanide (rafoxanide), while it was fully susceptible to avermectins (ivermectin). Further, the suppression of nematode egg output in faeces of sheep naturally infected with multiple anthelmintic-resistant H. contortus following treatment with ivermectin tablet (0.4 mg/kg body weight (bw), orally), ivermectin injection (1% w/v, 0.2 mg/kg bw, subcutaneously) and ivermectin pour-on (0.5 w/v, 0.5 mg/kg bw) was also studied over a period of 10 weeks post treatment. It was noted that ivermectin tablet after initial clearance of infection (faecal egg count reduction 100%), could not prevent establishment of new patent natural infection for even a single day, while ivermectin pour-on and injection prevented the establishment of new infection for 7 and 14 days post treatment, respectively. Maximum protection period (duration for which mean faecal egg count of sheep reaches 500 eggs per gram of faeces or more) of 68 days was recorded in sheep treated with injectable ivermectin, followed by pour-on (60 days) and oral (53 days) preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garg
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar-263145, Uttaranchal, India.
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Hooda V, Yadav CL, Chaudhri SS, Rajpurohit BS. Variation in resistance to haemonchosis: selection of female sheep resistant to Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol 1999; 73:137-42. [PMID: 10431374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Seventy female lambs (6-7 months old) which were exposed to natural infections of Haemonchus contortus were designated as responders or non-responders on the basis of 10 weekly cumulative faecal egg counts. Selected responder and non-responder lambs were treated with ivermectin, housed separately and 6 weeks post-housing, seven lambs from each group were given a trickle infection of Haemonchus contortus at 1000 L3 daily for 5 days per week up to 2 weeks and examined weekly for 10 weeks after first infection. Analysis of data revealed significantly lower mean faecal egg counts and non-significantly less weight loss in responder than non-responder lambs. Mean values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total serum protein and peripheral eosinophil counts were significantly higher in responders than non-responders. In contrast, serum pepsinogen concentration was significantly less in responders than in non-responders. At 10 weeks post-infection, there were fewer pathological lesions and significantly lower worm burdens in responders than in non-responders. These results demonstrate a distinct resistance in responders to Haemonchus contortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hooda
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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17
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Abstract
The breed differences in post-parturient rise (PPR) in faecal egg counts in lambing ewes of different breeds naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus were compared. The ewes of Nali, 50% Nali x 50% Russian Merino/Corriedale and 37.5% Nali x 62.5% Russian Merino/Corriedale were treated with fenbendazole while ewes of the above three breeds as well as 25% Nali x 75% Russian Merino/Corriedale, were kept untreated. Observations from 3 weeks before lambing to 12 weeks post-lambing at weekly intervals revealed that in treated ewes, egg counts of Nali did not differ significantly with 50% Nali whereas 37.5% Nali had significantly higher egg counts than those of Nali and 50% Nali. In untreated ewes egg counts of 50% Nali were significantly higher than that of Nali on some occasions, while 25% Nali had significantly higher egg counts than the other three breeds. None of the ewes from the Nali breed showed signs of haemonchosis, whereas few lambing ewes of the three Nali crosses (50%, 37.5% and 25% Nali) showed signs of haemonchosis and one ewe of the latter breed died.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS HAU, Hisar, India
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19
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Abstract
Multiple resistance to benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, albendazole and mebendazole) in a strain of Haemonchus contortus in sheep was detected on a farm where fenbendazole resistance had already been identified. Following a faecal egg count reduction test, this was confirmed by both critical and controlled anthelmintic tests. Different groups of sheep infected naturally or given an experimental infection with the fenbendazole-resistant strain were treated with the recommended doses of various anthelmintics. Compared to the control group, percentage reductions in faecal egg counts of sheep treated with fenbendazole, albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and morantel varied between 56% and 81% and worm counts between 71% and 86%. The results indicate the presence of multiple anthelmintic resistance in this strain of H. contortus on this farm. Sheep treated with ivermectin and closantel showed 100% reductions in faecal egg and worm counts, suggesting high efficacy of these drugs against the population of H. contortus on this farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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20
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Abstract
A survey was undertaken between March and September 1992 to assess the prevalence of fenbendazole resistance in sheep nematodes in 32 traditionally managed rural flocks and 22 intensively managed flocks on 3 farms. Fenbendazole, a commonly used anthelmintic was used at the recommended dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Efficacy was determined on the basis of percentage reduction in strongyle faecal egg counts (FECR%) and larval cultures before and between 7 and 10 days after treatment. None of the traditionally managed rural flocks showed resistance and all had greater than 99% reduction in faecal egg counts after treatment. Of the 22 intensively managed flocks, however, 15 had slight fenbendazole resistance (between 60 and 90% reduction in egg counts) and 4 had severe resistance (less than 60% reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, India
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Abstract
Two main nematode parasites, Haemonchus longistipes and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, have been reported to cause morbidity and mortality in camels. Although goats are usually reared with camels in the combined animal husbandry system prevailing in Northern India, these parasites have not been reported in goats. Therefore, it was planned to conduct an experimental cross-transmission study of H. longistipes and T. colubriformis isolated from camels and transferred to young goats. Twelve healthy kids (5-6 months) were divided into three groups of four each. Groups I and II were infected orally with third stage infective larvae of H. longistipes and T. colubriformis cultured in the laboratory from faecal isolates from camels, at the rate of 50,000 and 100,000 larvae, respectively; group III comprised uninfected healthy controls. Daily clinical and faecal examinations were made. Body weights and blood haematological indices were measured at weekly intervals. The infection became established in both infected groups, and the animals started passing ova 17 days postinfection. Egg counts varied from 275.00 +/- 248.74 to 6150 +/- 2830.63 eggs g-1. Animals were killed 28 days postinfection. On postmortem examination mature as well as immature worms were recovered from the abomasum and intestine with typical postmortem changes seen in both the groups. Clinical manifestations were weakness and loss of body weight but no diarrhoea. There was a marked fall in haemoglobin and packed cell volume, indicating anaemia in both infected groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Abstract
Studies were conducted on 20 crossbred lambs of 4-5 months old. Ten lambs were Nali x Corriedale cross (Hisardale) and the other 10 were Nali x Lohi cross (Munjal). Seven lambs each of both crossbreeds were infected with 10,000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Three lambs of each crossbreed served as uninfected controls. Clinicopathological examinations were done before and after infection and all the lambs were necropsied 28 days post-infection. The body weight gain, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly lower in Hisardale lambs and the peripheral eosinophil count was significantly higher in Munjal lambs. Significant hypoalbuminaemia and hypoglobulinaemia, a sharp increase in albumin: globulin ratio; significantly higher faecal egg counts; adult worm counts; abomasal pH, volume, congestion and oedema were observed in Hisardale lambs as compared to Munjal lambs. Clinical signs of haemonchosis were more severe in Hisardale lambs and two of them died. Munjal lambs therefore seem less susceptible than Hisardale lambs to H. contortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Haryana Agricultural University, India
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23
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Abstract
An outbreak of haemonchosis associated with anthelmintic resistance was recorded in a flock of 150 crossbred lambs. Closantel and ivermectin were 100% effective against Haemonchus contortus while fenbendazole and morantel reduced faecal egg counts by 87 and 29%, respectively. Levamisole showed an efficacy of 95%. At double the recommended dose (10 mg kg-1), fenbendazole had an efficacy of 99% against H. contortus infection. This appears to be the first report of an outbreak of haemonchosis associated with fenbendazole and morantel resistance in a strain of H. contortus in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Uppal RP, Yadav CL, Bhushan C. Efficacy of closantel against fenbendazole and levamisole resistant Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. Trop Anim Health Prod 1993; 25:30-2. [PMID: 8465440 DOI: 10.1007/bf02236883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sheep infected with a fenbendazole resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus and goats with a levamisole resistant strain of the same parasite were used to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of closantel. Closantel at the rate of 10 mg/kg body weight was 100% effective against the 2 resistant strains of the parasite as indicated by faecal egg count and worm reduction. The efficacy of fenbendazole in sheep and of levamisole in goats was 56.68 and 76.90%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Uppal
- College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Uppal
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Pharmacology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Yadav CL. Fenbendazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus of sheep. Vet Rec 1990; 126:586. [PMID: 2368313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Tracer lambs were used to study the pasture contamination with infective stages of helminth parasites during one annual cycle in a subtropical climate. Post-mortem worm counts indicated that low infections with Haemonchus contortus occurred throughout the year except in June. However, twenty five or more H. contortus per lamb were recorded in January, April, May and August. Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection was detected throughout the year and 150 or more worms per lamb were recorded during January to May and in August. Anoplocephalids were recorded from the lambs throughout the year but had no seasonal pattern. Low infections with Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichuris ovis were observed. The faecal egg counts from the permanent flock with whom the tracer lambs were grazed revealed heavy to mild worm burdens throughout the year. Coproculture indicated that H. contortus predominated from the second fortnight of May to December except in the second fortnight of July. Infection with T. colubriformis was more severe from January to the first fortnight of May and in the second fortnight of July. Negligible infections with O. columbianum, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Gaigeria pachyscelis and Dictyocaulus filaria were also observed. Biohythergraphs prepared for H. contortus and T. colubriformis showed differences between observed and expected results. It is suggested that for realistic biohythergraphs related parameters in addition to rainfall and temperature should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Gupta
- Parasitological Research Station, HAU Regional Research Station, Karnal, India
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies on some gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in Karnal, Ambala and Rohtak districts of Haryana (India) revealed that Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis in these hosts. The adult parasites persisted in the host throughout the year and there was no indication of hypobiosis. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on a continuous cycle of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the districts revealed that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of the parasites existed all year round.
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Abstract
During the course of infection of calves with Theileria annulata levels of glucose, calcium, proteins, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium decreased and those of bilirubin, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase increased with no changes in sodium and acid phosphatase levels. Several of these biochemical alterations have been explained in relation to the injury to the liver and other organs.
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