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Li P, Jiang X, Gu R, Tian H, Qu DH. Catalyst-Free Dynamic Covalent C=C/C=N Metathesis Reaction for Associative Covalent Adaptable Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406708. [PMID: 38828797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), leveraging the dynamic exchange of covalent bonds, emerge as a promising material to address the challenge of irreversible cross-linking in thermosetting polymers. In this work, we explore the introduction of a catalyst-free and associative C=C/C=N metathesis reaction into thermosetting polyurethanes, creating CANs with superior stability, solvent resistance, and thermal/mechanical properties. By incorporating this dynamic exchange reaction, stress-relaxation is significantly accelerated compared to imine-bond-only networks, with the rate adjustable by modifying substituents in the ortho position of the dynamic double bonds. The obtained plasticity enables recycle without altering the chemical structure or mechanical properties, and is also found to be vital for achieving shape memory functions with complex spatial structures. This metathesis reaction as a new dynamic crosslinker of polymer networks has the potential to accelerate the ongoing exploration of malleable and functional thermoset polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Gu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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2
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Yang Z, Esteve F, Antheaume C, Lehn JM. Triply Adaptive Libraries of Dynamic Covalent Macrocycles: Switching between Sorted and Unsorted States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15438-15445. [PMID: 38798165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic noncovalent and covalent chemistries have enabled the constitutional modulation of chemical entities within chemical dynamic systems. The switching between order and disorder, i.e., self-sorted and unsorted states of constitutional dynamic libraries, remains challenging. Herein, we study the adaptive behaviors of a dynamic library of imine macrocycles generated from dialdehydes and diamines, seeking ways to exert control over sorting and unsorting processes. The distribution of constituents in the present library of dynamic macrocycles is modulated in response to internal and external effectors (e.g., time, metal cations, and chemical fuels), resulting in the transient amplification of self-sorted constituents in out-of-equilibrium states. The present study showcases higher complexity in systems subject to multiple adaptation through the dynamic interconversion between singularity/order and diversity/disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozheng Yang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ferran Esteve
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Roy N, Schädler V, Lehn JM. Supramolecular Polymers: Inherently Dynamic Materials. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:349-361. [PMID: 38277510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSince its inception in the early 1990s, the field of supramolecular polymers (SPs) has grown into an interdisciplinary field of chemistry. It expanded from the self-assembly of molecular building blocks based on H-bonding into the realm of complex dynamic material, encompassing both supramolecular noncovalent and molecular covalent regimes. It has paved the path for a more diverse field of research into a new class of polymeric materials, coined dynamic polymers or dynamers. Dynamers are bringing a paradigm shift not only in material science research but also in a broad field of applications from self-healing materials to biocompatible polymeric materials. The present Account presents the evolution of supramolecular polymer chemistry from simple linear polymeric chains to complex dynamic polymers imparting novel functional properties, such as component exchange and self-healing. We explore how SPs led to materials of increasing complexity, starting from simple main-chain polymers to the formation of more complex columnar SPs and lateral SPs. The field has experienced three partially overlapping periods. The main goal was first the generation of polymeric entities from various molecular components connected through noncovalent interactions, especially complementary hydrogen bonding recognition patterns as well as stacked columnar SPs. Thereafter, attention was directed in parallel to the exploration of the properties of SPs and their applications as novel materials. In a third period, the dynamic properties of supramolecular polymers were explored, taking advantage of the lability of noncovalent interactions to perform component rearrangement and exchange. We illustrate how the field of SPs has emerged as a multidisciplinary field of chemistry, biology, and materials science with selected examples from the literature. The SPs, specifically dynamic owing to their inherent reversibility, also pave the path to easier sorting and recycling, as desired in the plastics industry.One of the biggest challenges that the plastics industry is facing today is the end-of-life fate of plastics. Plastics that cannot be recycled end up in landfills or are improperly disposed of in rivers and oceans, polluting and damaging the environmental balance irreversibly. Dynamic polymeric materials presenting inherent dynamicity could pave the way for addressing this long-standing challenge of nonrecyclability of plastics. Dynamers formed via noncovalent interactions or reversible covalent bonds can be broken into components that could be easily recycled and reused. Therefore, dynamers could play a pivotal role toward closing the loop for the plastics industry and provide a solution to an elusive circular economy with plastics being an integral part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Roy
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, 60 Elastogranstrasse, 49448, Lemförde, Germany
| | - Volker Schädler
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, 60 Elastogranstrasse, 49448, Lemförde, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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4
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Schoustra SK, Smulders MMJ. Metal Coordination in Polyimine Covalent Adaptable Networks for Tunable Material Properties and Enhanced Creep Resistance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200790. [PMID: 36629864 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) can replace classical thermosets, as their unique dynamic covalent bonds enable recyclable crosslinked polymers. Their creep susceptibility, however, hampers their application. Herein, an efficient strategy to enhance creep resistance of CANs via metal coordination to dynamic covalent imines is demonstrated. Crucially, the coordination bonds not only form additional crosslinks, but also affect the imine exchange. This dual effect results in enhanced glass transition temperature (Tg ), elasticmodulus (G') and creep resistance. The robustness of metal coordination is demonstrated by varying metal ion, counter anion, and coordinating imine ligand. All variations in metal or anion significantly enhance the material properties. The Tg and G' of the CANs are correlated to the coordination bond strength, offering a tunable handle by which choice of metal can steer material properties. Additionally, large differences in Tg and G' are observed for materials with different anions, which are mostly linked to the anion size. This serves as a reminder that for coordination chemistry in the bulk, not only the metal ion is to be considered, but also the accompanying anion. Finally, the reinforcing effect of metal coordination is proved insensitive to the metal-ligand ratio, emphasizing the robustness of the applied method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren K Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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5
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Casciuc I, Osypenko A, Kozibroda B, Horvath D, Marcou G, Bonachera F, Varnek A, Lehn JM. Toward in Silico Modeling of Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:804-813. [PMID: 35756377 PMCID: PMC9228562 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) display adaptive behavior, enabled by the reversible generation of their molecular constituents from building blocks, in response to external effectors, e.g., protein receptors. So far, chemoinformatics has not yet been used for the design of DCLs-which comprise a radically different set of challenges compared to classical library design. Here, we propose a chemoinformatic model for theoretically assessing the composition of DCLs in the presence and the absence of an effector. An imine-based DCL in interaction with the effector human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) served as a case study. Support vector regression models for the imine formation constants and imine-CA II binding were derived from, respectively, a set of 276 imines synthesized and experimentally studied in this work and 4350 inhibitors of CA II from ChEMBL. These models predict constants for all DCL constituents, to feed software assessing equilibrium concentrations. They are publicly available on the dedicated website. Models rationally selected two amines and two aldehydes predicted to yield stable imines with high affinity for CA II and provided a virtual illustration on how effector affinity regulates DCL members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Casciuc
- Laboratoire
de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4, rue B. Pascal 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie
Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université
de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Artem Osypenko
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie
Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université
de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bohdan Kozibroda
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie
Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université
de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institute
of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National
University of Kyiv, 4g
Hlushkova Avenue, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dragos Horvath
- Laboratoire
de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4, rue B. Pascal 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Marcou
- Laboratoire
de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4, rue B. Pascal 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Bonachera
- Laboratoire
de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4, rue B. Pascal 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratoire
de Chémoinformatique UMR 7140 CNRS, Institut Le Bel 4, rue B. Pascal 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie
Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université
de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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6
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Gu R, Lehn JM. Constitutional Dynamic Selection at Low Reynolds Number in a Triple Dynamic System: Covalent Dynamic Adaptation Driven by Double Supramolecular Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14136-14146. [PMID: 34432464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A triple dynamic complex system has been designed, implementing a dynamic covalent process coupled to two supramolecular self-assembly steps. To this end, two dynamic covalent libraries (DCLs), DCL-1 and DCL-2, have been established on the basis of dynamic covalent C═C/C═N organo-metathesis between two Knoevenagel derivatives and two imines. Each DCL contains a barbituric acid-based Knoevenagel constituent that may undergo a sequential double self-organization process involving first the formation of hydrogen-bonded hexameric supramolecular macrocycles that subsequently undergo stacking to generate a supramolecular polymer SP yielding a viscous gel state. Both DCLs display selective self-organization-driven amplification of the constituent that leads to the SP. Dissociation of the SP on heating causes reversible randomization of the constituent distributions of the DCLs as a function of temperature. Furthermore, diverse distribution patterns of DCL-2 were induced by modulation of temperature and solvent composition. The present dynamic systems display remarkable self-organization-driven constitutional adaption and tunable composition by coupling between dynamic covalent component selection and two-stage supramolecular organization. In more general terms, they reveal dynamic adaptation by component selection in low Reynolds number conditions of living systems where frictional effects dominate inertial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Gu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
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