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McLean A, Sala RL, Longbottom BW, Carr AR, McCune JA, Lee SF, Scherman OA. Single-Molecule Stoichiometry of Supramolecular Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12877-12882. [PMID: 38710014 PMCID: PMC11100007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The use of single-molecule microscopy is introduced as a method to quantify the photophysical properties of supramolecular complexes rapidly at ultra low concentrations (<1 nM), previously inaccessible. Using a model supramolecular system based on the host-guest complexation of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) macrocycles together with a fluorescent guest (Ant910Me), we probe fluorescent CB[n] host-guest complexes in the single molecule regime. We show quantification and differentiation of host-guest photophysics and stoichiometries, both in aqueous media and noninvasively in hydrogel, by thresholding detected photons. This methodology has wide reaching implications in aiding the design of next-generation materials with programmed and controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McLean
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Renata L. Sala
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Brooke W. Longbottom
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexander R. Carr
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Jade A. McCune
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Steven F. Lee
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
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Wu Y, Sun D, Han X, Zhao Z, Liang F, Liu S. Synthesis of Naphthalimide Derivatives and Their Luminescence upon Complexation with Cucurbit[ n]uril Hosts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12376-12384. [PMID: 37610314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of naphthalimide derivatives are synthesized and their binding behavior upon complexation with cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) has been investigated. With a heavy atom (bromine) on the naphthalimide core, 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives 1-4 show short room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) lifetimes with low quantum yields. Their RTP properties are significantly enhanced in the presence of CB[8] or CB[10] both in aqueous solution and solid state owing to the efficient suppression of nonradiative decay and isolation of quenching factors by the rigid cavity of CB[n]. Without the bromine atom, 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives 5 and 6 show strong excimer emission upon complexation with CB[10] accompanied by fluorescence transition from blue to cyan. The fluorescence colors of 4-(dimethylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives 7 and 8 change from blue to white to yellow with the addition of CB[n]. This host-guest complexation strategy to modulate the luminescence of the luminophore would further broaden the application of luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Simin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
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Bhaumik SK, Panda SK, Banerjee S. pH-tunable phosphorescence and light harvesting in cucurbit[8]uril host-guest assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10396-10399. [PMID: 37551772 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02836d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Host-guest assemblies of halo-phenyl pyridine derivatives and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) exhibited pH-responsive room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in aqueous media. Moreover, they acted as efficient light-harvesting systems demonstrating triplet-singlet energy transfer to various acceptor dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, India.
| | - Sourav Kumar Panda
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, India.
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia, India.
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Wang HJ, Zheng MM, Xing WW, Li YX, Wang YY, Zhu H, Zhang YM, Yu Q, Liu Y. Conformationally confined three-armed supramolecular folding for boosting near-infrared biological imaging. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8401-8407. [PMID: 37564418 PMCID: PMC10411613 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a triphenylamine derivative (TP-3PY) possessing 4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridine (PY) as an electron-accepting group and tris[p-(4-pyridylvinyl)phenyl]amine (TPA) with large two-photon absorption cross-sections as an electron-donating group was obtained, and showed intense absorption in the visible light region (λmax = 509 nm) and weak near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission at 750 nm. After complexation with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), TP-3PY showed bright NIR fluorescence emission at 727 nm and phosphorescence emission at 800 nm. When the supramolecular assembly (TP-3PY⊂CB[8]) further interacted with dodecyl-modified sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4AD), the fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions were further enhanced at 710 and 734 nm, respectively. However, only the fluorescence emission of TP-3PY was enhanced in the presence of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and SC4AD. More interestingly, the photoluminescence of TP-3PY⊂CB[8]@SC4AD and TP-3PY⊂CB[7]@SC4AD assemblies could be excited by both visible (510 nm) and NIR light (930 nm). Finally, these ternary supramolecular assemblies with bright NIR light emission were applied to lysosome imaging of tumor cells and real-time biological imaging of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 China
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wen-Wen Xing
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yong-Xue Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yao-Yao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 China
| | - Hongjie Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 China
| | - Ying-Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations (Tianjin) Tianjin 300192 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
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Nie H, Wei Z, Ni XL, Liu Y. Assembly and Applications of Macrocyclic-Confinement-Derived Supramolecular Organic Luminescent Emissions from Cucurbiturils. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9032-9077. [PMID: 35312308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s or CB[n]s), as a classical of artificial organic macrocyclic hosts, were found to have excellent advantages in the fabricating of tunable and smart organic luminescent materials in aqueous media and the solid state with high emitting efficiency under the rigid pumpkin-shaped structure-derived macrocyclic-confinement effect in recent years. This review aims to give a systematically up-to-date overview of the Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions from the confined spaces triggered host-guest complexes, including the assembly fashions and the mechanisms of the macrocycle-based luminescent complexes, as well as their applications. Finally, challenges and outlook are provided. Since this class of Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions, which have essentially derived from the cavity-dependent confinement effect and the resulting assembly fashions, emerged only a few years ago, we hope this review will provide valuable information for the further development of macrocycle-based light-emitting materials and other related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Yu J, Wang H, Dai X, Chen Y, Liu Y. Multivalent Supramolecular Assembly Based on a Triphenylamine Derivative for Near-Infrared Lysosome Targeted Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4417-4422. [PMID: 35005883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) targeted cell imaging has become a research hotspot due to the advantages of deeper tissue penetration, minimal interference from the background signals, and lower light damage. Herein, we report a multivalent supramolecular aggregate with NIR fluorescence emission, which was fabricated from triphenylamine derivatives (TPAs), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), Si-rhodamine (SiR), and hyaluronic acid (HA). Interestingly, possessing a rigid luminescent core and cationic phenylpyridinium units linked by flexible alkyl chains, the tripaddle hexacationic TPA could bind with CB[8] at a 2:3 stoichiometric ratio to form a network-like multivalent assembly with enhanced red luminescence. Such organic two-dimensional network-like aggregate further co-assembled with the energy acceptor SiR and cancer cell targeting agent HA, leading to nanoparticles with NIR emission at 675 nm via an intermolecular energy transfer pathway. Furthermore, the obtained multivalent supramolecular aggregate was successfully applied in lysosome targeted imaging toward A549 cancer cells, which provides a convenient strategy for NIR targeted cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xianyin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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