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Lyall K, Rando J, Wang S, Hamra GB, Chavarro J, Weisskopf MG, Croen LA, Fallin MD, Hertz-Picciotto I, Volk HE, Schmidt RJ, Newschaffer CJ. Examining Prenatal Dietary Factors in Association with Child Autism-Related Traits Using a Bayesian Mixture Approach: Results from 2 United States Cohorts. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:101978. [PMID: 37600935 PMCID: PMC10432916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior work has suggested relationships between prenatal intake of certain nutrients and autism. Objectives We examined a broad set of prenatal nutrients and foods using a Bayesian modeling approach. Methods Participants were drawn from the Early Autism Risks Longitudinal Investigation (n = 127), a cohort following women with a child with autism through a subsequent pregnancy. Participants were also drawn from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII, n = 713), a cohort of United States female nurses, for comparison analyses. In both studies, information on prospectively reported prenatal diet was drawn from food frequency questionnaires, and child autism-related traits were measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Bayesian kernel machine regression was used to examine the combined effects of several nutrients with neurodevelopmental relevance, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), iron, zinc, vitamin D, folate, and other methyl donors, and separately, key food sources of these, in association with child SRS scores in crude and adjusted models. Results In adjusted analyses, the overall mixture effects of nutrients in Early Autism Risks Longitudinal Investigation and foods in both cohorts on SRS scores were not observed, though there was some suggestion of decreasing SRS scores with increasing overall nutrient mixture in NHSII. No associations were observed with folate within the context of this mixture, but holding other nutrients fixed, n-6 PUFAs were associated with lower SRS scores in NHSII. In both cohorts, lower SRS scores were observed with higher intake of some groupings of vegetables, though for differing types of vegetables across cohorts, and some vegetable groups were associated with higher SRS scores in NHSII. Conclusions Our work extends prior research and suggests the need to further consider prenatal dietary factors from a combined effects perspective. In addition, findings here point to potential differences in nutrient associations based on a family history of autism, which suggests the need to consider gene interactions in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Juliette Rando
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ghassan B. Hamra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jorge Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc G. Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Heather E. Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Craig J. Newschaffer
- College of Health and Human Development, Penn State University, State College, PA, United States
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Vecchione R, Wang S, Rando J, Chavarro JE, Croen LA, Fallin MD, Hertz-Picciotto I, Newschaffer CJ, Schmidt RJ, Lyall K. Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Child Autism-Related Traits: Results from Two US Cohorts. Nutrients 2022; 14:2729. [PMID: 35807909 PMCID: PMC9268965 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between maternal intake of established dietary patterns and child autism-related outcomes in two prospective cohorts in the United States. Participants were drawn from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI, n = 154) and the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII, n = 727). Dietary information was collected via food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and used to calculate the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Western and Prudent dietary patterns, and the alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score. Primary analyses examined associations with continuous autism-related traits as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and secondary analyses with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. We used crude and multivariable quantile regression fixed at the 50th percentile to examine associations between quartiles of dietary patterns and SRS scores, and logistic regression to examine associations with ASD diagnosis. There was suggestion of a positive association with the Western diet (Q4 vs. Q1, ß = 11.19, 95% CI: 3.30, 19.90) in EARLI, though the association was attenuated with adjustment for total energy intake, and no clear associations were observed with other dietary patterns and ASD diagnosis or SRS scores. Further work is needed to better understand the role of maternal dietary patterns in ASD and related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Vecchione
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.W.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Juliette Rando
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.W.); (J.E.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Norther California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA;
| | - M. Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (I.H.-P.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Craig J. Newschaffer
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (I.H.-P.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Kristen Lyall
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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