1
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Ullah H, Shi X, Taj A, Cheng L, Yan Q, Sha S, Ahmad, Kang J, Haris M, Ma X, Ma Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS38 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacteria by Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis of the Host. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:313. [PMID: 38785795 PMCID: PMC11118070 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ranks as the most lethal human pathogen, able to fend off repeated attacks by the immune system or medications. PE_PGRS proteins are hallmarks of the pathogenicity of Mtb and contribute to its antigenic diversity, virulence, and persistence during infection. M. smegmatis is a nonpathogenic mycobacterium that naturally lacks PE_PGRS and is used as a model to express Mtb proteins. PE_PGRS has the capability to evade host immune responses and enhance the intracellular survival of M. smegmatis. Despite the intense investigations into PE_PGRS proteins, their role in tuberculosis remains elusive. We engineered the recombinant M. smegmatis strain Ms-PE_PGRS38. The result shows that PE_PGRS38 is expressed in the cell wall of M. smegmatis. PE_PGRS38 contributes to biofilm formation, confers permeability to the cell wall, and shows variable responses to exogenous stresses. PE_PGRS38 downregulated TLR4/NF-κB signaling in RAW264.7 macrophages and lung tissues of infected mice. In addition, PE_PGRS38 decreased NLRP3-dependent IL-1β release and limited pathogen-mediated inflammasome activity during infection. Moreover, PE_PGRS38 inhibited the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells by downregulating the expression of apoptotic markers including Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9. In a nutshell, our findings demonstrate that PE_PGRS38 is a virulence factor for Mtb that enables recombinant M. smegmatis to survive by resisting and evading the host's immune responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayan Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.U.); (A.T.); (L.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Ayaz Taj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.U.); (A.T.); (L.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.U.); (A.T.); (L.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Qiulong Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Shanshan Sha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.U.); (A.T.); (L.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.U.); (A.T.); (L.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.U.); (A.T.); (L.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.U.); (A.T.); (L.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
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2
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Du Y, Zheng R, Yin H, Ma L, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Tao P, Gao L, Yang L, He L. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2653 Protein Promotes Inflammation Response by Enhancing Glycolysis. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:343-350. [PMID: 37518069 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection causes the communicable disease tuberculosis (TB), a major disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The protein encoded by the region of deletion (RD) in M.tb mediates the pathogenic properties of M.tb by inducing an inflammatory response or disrupting host cell metabolism. We cloned and purified the Rv2653 protein from RD13 to explore its regulatory effects on host macrophages. We found that Rv2653 promoted glycolysis and upregulated the expression of key glycolytic enzymes, namely, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) in human leukemia monocytic (THP1) cells. Furthermore, the induction of glycolysis by Rv2653 contributes to the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Rv2653 activated the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, and the mTORC1 inhibitor NR1 blocked Rv2653-induced HK2, LDHA, and NLRP3 expression. siRNA interfering with HK2 or LDHA significantly inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by Rv2653, blocked Rv2653-triggered inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), and promoted the survival of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in THP1 cells. Overall, Rv2653 promoted glycolysis by activating the mTORC1 signaling pathway, activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, and releasing inflammatory factors, ultimately inhibiting the intracellular survival of BCG in THP1 cells. Therefore, we revealed that anti-M.tb immune mechanisms induced by Rv2653 contribute to the development of new anti-TB strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongli Yin
- Department of Gynecology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Jingfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Pengzuo Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), China
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3
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D'Souza C, Kishore U, Tsolaki AG. The PE-PPE Family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Proteins in Disguise. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152321. [PMID: 36805109 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has thrived in parallel with humans for millennia, and despite our efforts, M. tuberculosis continues to plague us, currently infecting a third of the world's population. The success of M. tuberculosis has recently been attributed, in part, to the PE-PPE family; a unique collection of 168 proteins fundamentally involved in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. The PE-PPE family proteins have been at the forefront of intense research efforts since their discovery in 1998 and whilst our knowledge and understanding has significantly advanced over the last two decades, many important questions remain to be elucidated. This review consolidates and examines the vast body of existing literature regarding the PE-PPE family proteins, with respect to the latest developments in elucidating their evolution, structure, subcellular localisation, function, and immunogenicity. This review also highlights significant inconsistencies and contradictions within the field. Additionally, possible explanations for these knowledge gaps are explored. Lastly, this review poses many important questions, which need to be addressed to complete our understanding of the PE-PPE family, as well as highlighting the challenges associated with studying this enigmatic family of proteins. Further research into the PE-PPE family, together with technological advancements in genomics and proteomics, will undoubtedly improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, as well as identify key targets/candidates for the development of novel drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D'Souza
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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4
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Kumar A, Sharma P, Arun A, Meena LS. Development of peptide vaccine candidate using highly antigenic PE-PGRS family proteins to stimulate the host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37Rv: an immuno-informatics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3382-3404. [PMID: 35293852 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2048079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fast spreading; transmissible disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). M. tuberculosis has a high death rate in its endemic regions due to a lack of appropriate treatment and preventative measures. We have used a vaccinomics strategy to create an effective multi-epitope vaccine against M. tuberculosis. The antigenic proteins with the highest antigenicity were utilised to predict cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), helper T-lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B-lymphocyte (LBL) epitopes. CTL and HTL epitopes were covered in 99.97% of the population. Seven epitopes each of CTL, HTL, and LBL were ultimately selected and utilised to develop a multi-epitope vaccine. A vaccine design was developed by combining these epitopes with suitable linkers and LprG adjuvant. The vaccine chimera was revealed to be highly immunogenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. To ensure a better expression within the Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) host system, codon adaptation and in silico cloning were accomplished. Following that, various validation studies were conducted, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and immunological simulation, all of which indicated that the designed vaccine would be stable in the biological environment and effective against M. tuberculosis infection. The immune simulation revealed higher levels of T-cell and B-cell activity, which corresponded to the actual immune response. Exposure simulations were repeated several times, resulting in increased clonal selection and faster antigen clearance. These results suggest that, if proposed vaccine chimera would test both in-vitro and in-vivo, it could be a viable treatment and preventive strategy for TB.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Arun
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Hadizadeh Tasbiti A, Yari S, Siadat SD, Karimipoor M, Badmasti F, Masoumi M, Abdolrahimi F, Khanipour S, Hassanzadeh SM, Ghalami Nobar M, Yari F. Comparing mRNA expression and protein abundance in MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Novel protein candidates, Rv0443, Rv0379 and Rv0147 as TB potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00641. [PMID: 34189062 PMCID: PMC8220328 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a sizable public health threat in the world. This study was conducted to determine the differential protein composition between susceptible and MDRTB strains. Tuberculosis proteins were extracted by Triton™ X-114 and ammonium sulfate. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protein spots were selected for identification by mass spectrometry and mRNA expression levels were measured by real- time PCR. 2DE-Western blot and T cell epitope prediction for identified proteins were made by the IEDB server. The result shows at least six protein spots (Rv0147, Rv3597c, Rv0379, Rv3699, Rv1392 and Rv0443) were differentially expressed in MDRTB isolates. However, difference in mRNA gene expression was not found in the six mRNA genes. 2DE-Western blot procedures indicated strong reaction against MDRTB proteins corresponds to 13, 16 and 55 kDa areas that might be used as new diagnostic tools. In conclusion, these MDRTB proteins identified in this study could be reliable TB diagnostic candidates or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamsi Yari
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Masoumi
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abdolrahimi
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Khanipour
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Ghalami Nobar
- Reference Health Laboratory, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Patni K, Agarwal P, Kumar A, Meena LS. Computational evaluation of anticipated PE_PGRS39 protein involvement in host-pathogen interplay and its integration into vaccine development. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:204. [PMID: 33824847 PMCID: PMC8015753 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes more than 1 million deaths every year, which is higher than any other bacterial pathogen. Its success depends on its interaction with the host and its ability to regulate the host's immune system for its own survival. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) proteome consists of unique PE_PGRS family proteins, which present a significant role in bacterial pathogenesis over the past years. Earlier evidence suggests that some PE_PGRS proteins display fibronectin-binding activity. In this manuscript, computational characterization of the PE_PGRS39 protein has indicated something peculiar about this protein. Investigation showed that PE_PGRS39 is an extracellular protein that, instead of acting as fibronectin-binding protein, might mimic fibronectin which binds to alpha-5 beta-1 (α5β1) integrin. PE_PGRS39 protein additionally turned into proven pieces of evidence to have motifs such as DXXG and GGXGXD and PXXP that bind with guanosine triphosphate (GTP), calcium, and host Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, respectively, in conjunction with RGD-integrin binding. These interactions designate the direct role of PE_PGRS39 in bacterial pathogenesis via cell adhesion and signaling. Additionally, the analysis showed that PE_PGRS39 is an antigenic protein and epitope prediction provided functional regions of the protein that trigger a cellular immune response facilitated by T or B cells. Further, an experimental analysis could also open up new avenues for developing novel drugs by targeting signaling motifs or novel vaccines using functional epitopes that could evoke an immune response in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Patni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Preeti Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Laxman S. Meena
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
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7
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Qian J, Chen R, Wang H, Zhang X. Role of the PE/PPE Family in Host-Pathogen Interactions and Prospects for Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccine and Diagnostic Tool Design. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:594288. [PMID: 33324577 PMCID: PMC7726347 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pe/ppe genes are found in pathogenic, slow-growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species. These genes are considered key factors in host-pathogen interactions. Although the function of most PE/PPE family proteins remains unclear, accumulating evidence suggests that this family is involved in M. tuberculosis infection. Here, we review the role of PE/PPE proteins, which are believed to be linked to the ESX system function. Further, we highlight the reported functions of PE/PPE proteins, including their roles in host cell interaction, immune response regulation, and cell fate determination during complex host-pathogen processes. Finally, we propose future directions for PE/PPE protein research and consider how the current knowledge might be applied to design more specific diagnostics and effective vaccines for global tuberculosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Kashani-Amin E, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Sakhteman A, Larijani B, Ebrahim-Habibi A. A Systematic Review on Popularity, Application and Characteristics of Protein Secondary Structure Prediction Tools. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 16:159-172. [PMID: 29493456 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180227162157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of proteins' secondary structure is one of the major steps in the generation of homology models. These models provide structural information which is used to design suitable ligands for potential medicinal targets. However, selecting a proper tool between multiple Secondary Structure Prediction (SSP) options is challenging. The current study is an insight into currently favored methods and tools, within various contexts. OBJECTIVE A systematic review was performed for a comprehensive access to recent (2013-2016) studies which used or recommended protein SSP tools. METHODS Three databases, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched and 99 out of the 209 studies were finally found eligible to extract data. RESULTS Four categories of applications for 59 retrieved SSP tools were: (I) prediction of structural features of a given sequence, (II) evaluation of a method, (III) providing input for a new SSP method and (IV) integrating an SSP tool as a component for a program. PSIPRED was found to be the most popular tool in all four categories. JPred and tools utilizing PHD (Profile network from HeiDelberg) method occupied second and third places of popularity in categories I and II. JPred was only found in the two first categories, while PHD was present in three fields. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive insight into the recent usage of SSP tools which could be helpful for selecting a proper tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Kashani-Amin
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis YrbE3A Promotes Host Innate Immune Response by Targeting NF-κB/JNK Signaling. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040584. [PMID: 32316659 PMCID: PMC7232258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered a successful pathogen with multiple strategies to undermine host immunity. The YrbE3A is encoded by Rv1964 within the RD15 region present in the genome of Mtb, but missing in M. bovis, M. bovis BCG (Pasteur) strain, and M. smegmatis (Ms). However, little is known about its function. In this study, the YrbE3A gene was cloned into pMV261 and expressed in Ms and BCG, while the strains with the vector served as the controls. The YrbE3A was expressed on the mycobacterial membrane, and the purified protein could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce IL-6. Furthermore, the effect of the recombinant strains on cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 was confirmed, which varied with the host strains. Ms_YrbE3A increased significantly higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 than did Ms_vec, while BCG_YrbE3A enhanced higher TNF-α than BCG_vec. The pathways associated with NF-κB p65 and MAPK p38/JNK, other than Erk1/2, regulated this process. In addition, mice were infected with Ms_YrbE3A and Ms-vec and were kinetically examined. Compared to Ms-vec, Ms_YrbE3A induced more serious inflammatory damage, higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6, higher numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes in a time-dependent way, but lower lung bacterial load in lung. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of Mtb pathogenesis.
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10
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Bisht D, Meena LS. Adhesion molecules facilitate host-pathogen interaction & mediate Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. Indian J Med Res 2020; 150:23-32. [PMID: 31571626 PMCID: PMC6798602 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2055_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the microorganisms display adhesion molecules on their surface which help them to bind and interact with the host cell during infection. Adhesion molecules help mycobacteria to colonize and invade immune system of the host, and also trigger immune response explicated by the host against the infection. Hence, understanding the signalling pathways illustrated by these molecules to enhance our knowledge on mycobacterial survival and persistence inside the host cell is required. Hence, this review was focussed on the role of adhesion molecules and their receptor molecules. The various mechanisms adopted by adhesion molecules to bind with the specific receptors on the host cell and their role in invasion and persistence of mycobacterium inside the host cell are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Bisht
- Allergy & Infectious Diseases, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- Allergy & Infectious Diseases, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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11
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Yu X, Feng J, Huang L, Gao H, Liu J, Bai S, Wu B, Xie J. Molecular Basis Underlying Host Immunity Subversion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE/PPE Family Molecules. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1178-1187. [PMID: 31580738 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis proline-glutamic acid (PE)/proline-proline-glutamic acid (PPE) family proteins, with >160 members, are crucial for virulence, cell wall, host cell fate, host Th1/Th2 balance, and CD8+ T cell recognition. Ca2+ signaling is involved in PE/PPE protein-mediated host-pathogen interaction. PE/PPE proteins also function in heme utilization and nitric oxide production. PE/PPE family proteins are intensively pursued as diagnosis biomarkers and vaccine components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinkun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shutong Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Long Q, Xiang X, Yin Q, Li S, Yang W, Sun H, Liu Q, Xie J, Deng W. PE_PGRS62 promotes the survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis within macrophages via disrupting ER stress-mediated apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19774-19784. [PMID: 30937925 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the leading causative agent of tuberculosis, remains one of the most deadly infectious pathogens. PE_PGRS proteins become a new focus as their species specificity in mycobacteria, especially in pathogenic mycobacteria. Despite intensive research, PE_PGRS proteins are still a mysterious aspect of mycobacterial pathogenesis with unknown mechanism. Herein, we focused on a PE_PGRS member from M. tuberculosis, PE_PGRS62, characterized by a surface-exposed protein function in disrupting phagolysosome maturation. Expression of PE_PGRS62 in Mycobacterium smegmatis, a nonpathogenic species naturally deficient in PE_PGRS genes, resulted in enhanced resistance to various in vitro stresses and cellular survival in macrophage. As a consequence, the cytokine profiles of macrophage were disturbed and cell apoptosis were inhibited via decreasing endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqin Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Shi J, Li P, Zhou L, Qi S, Wang B, Li D, Duan L, Chen WX, Xia J, Zou L, Yang S. Potential biomarkers for antidiastole of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion by proteome analysis. Biomark Med 2019; 13:123-133. [PMID: 30791695 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate novel potential biomarkers for antidiastole of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) from malignant pleural effusion (MPE). MATERIALS & METHODS iTRAQTM-coupled LC-MS/MS were applied to analyze the proteome of TPE and MPE samples. The candidate proteins were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A total of 432 differential proteins were identified. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed significantly higher levels of fibronectin (FN) and cathepsin G (CTSG) in MPE than in TPE, but lower levels of leukotriene-A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). The receiver operator characteristic values were 0.285 for FN, 0.64 for LTA4H, 0.337 for CTSG and 0.793 for a combination of these candidate markers. CONCLUSION FN, LTA4H and CTSG were identified as potential biomarkers to differentiate TPE from MPE and their combination exhibited higher diagnostic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Lijin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Suwen Qi
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements & Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Wei Xian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Jirong Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Meena LS. Interrelation of Ca2+ and PE_PGRS proteins during Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Mali PC, Meena LS. Triacylglycerol: nourishing molecule in endurance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Meena PR, Monu, Meena LS. Fibronectin binding protein and Ca 2+ play an access key role to mediate pathogenesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An overview. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 63:820-826. [PMID: 26275158 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The anomalous distribution of adhesive proteins throughout on the cell surface of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv and their contribution in cell surface adhesion and host-pathogen interaction remain elusive. The completion of M. tuberculosis H37 Rv genome sequence analysis gives some interesting information about polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) subfamily of M. tuberculosis that encodes fibronectin binding proteins (FnBP), which have been extensively studied, but the function in the pathogenesis of most of these proteins remains unknown and unclear. This review addresses the M. tuberculosis entry mechanism in the host cell. In particular, an effort has been made to focus on several aspects, (a) association of FnBP encodes by PE_PGRS protein family of M. tuberculosis during host-pathogen interactions. (b) Effect of calcium ions in and outside of the host cell is overriding to maintenance of calcium trafficking in phagocytosis. Furthermore, FnBP may be a potential source of antigenic variation that participating in evoking immune response. M. tuberculosis entry mechanism does not have a major influence alone, involvement of calcium ions, perhaps shed light on host-pathogen interaction relationship, and could open up new avenues for development of novel drug by targeting M. tuberculosis FnBP and blockade of selective adhesions could be useful for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Raj Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Monu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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Sharma S, Meena LS. Potential of Ca 2+ in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37Rv Pathogenesis and Survival. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:762-771. [PMID: 27660000 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The host-pathogen interaction and involvement of calcium (Ca2+) signaling in tuberculosis infection is crucial and plays a significant role in pathogenesis. Ca2+ is known as a ubiquitous second messenger that could control multiple processes and is included in cellular activities like division, motility, stress response, and signaling. However, Ca2+ is thought to be a regulative molecule in terms of TB infection but its binding relation with proteins/substrates molecules which are influenced with Ca2+ concentrations in host-pathogen interaction requires attention. So, in this review, our primary goal is to focus on some Ca2+ substrates/proteins and their imperative involvement in pathogenesis, which is unclear. We have discussed several Ca2+-binding substrate and protein that affect intracellular mechanism of infected host cell. The major involvement of these proteins/substrates including calmodulin (CaM), calpain, annexin, surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), calprotectin (MRP8/14), and PE_PGRS family protein are considered to be significant; however, their detailed understanding in mycobacterium infection is limited. In this aspect, this study will help in adding up our understanding in TB biology and additionally in the development of new therapeutic approach to reduce TB pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
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