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Cheng Y, Zheng T, Yang D, Peng Q, Dong J, Xi D. Cucumber mosaic virus impairs the physiological homeostasis of Panax notoginseng and induces saponin-mediated resistance. Virology 2024; 591:109983. [PMID: 38237218 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
As an important medicinal plant, Panax notoginseng often suffers from various abiotic and biotic stresses during its growth, such as drought, heavy metals, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In this study, the symptom and physiological parameters of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected P. notoginseng were analyzed and the RNA-seq was performed. The results showed that CMV infection affected the photosynthesis of P. notoginseng, caused serious oxidative damage to P. notoginseng and increased the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Results of transcriptome analysis and corresponding verification showed that CMV infection changed the expression of genes related to plant defense and promoted the synthesis of P. notoginseng saponins to a certain extent, which may be defensive ways of P. notoginseng against CMV infection. Furthermore, pretreatment plants with saponins reduced the accumulation of CMV. Thus, our results provide new insights into the role of saponins in P. notoginseng response to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Tianrui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Daoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
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2
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Huang Y, Shi Y, Hu X, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu S, He G, An K, Guan F, Zheng Y, Wang X, Wei S. PnNAC2 promotes the biosynthesis of Panax notoginseng saponins and induces early flowering. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:73. [PMID: 38379012 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PnNAC2 positively regulates saponin biosynthesis by binding the promoters of key biosynthetic genes, including PnSS, PnSE, and PnDS. PnNAC2 accelerates flowering through directly associating with the promoters of FT genes. NAC transcription factors play an important regulatory role in both terpenoid biosynthesis and flowering. Saponins with multiple pharmacological activities are recognized as the major active components of Panax notoginseng. The P. notoginseng flower is crucial for growth and used for medicinal and food purposes. However, the precise function of the P. notoginseng NAC transcription factor in the regulation of saponin biosynthesis and flowering remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of a specific NAC transcription factor, designated as PnNAC2, from P. notoginseng. PnNAC2 was identified as a nuclear-localized protein with transcription activator activity. The expression profile of PnNAC2 across various tissues mirrored the accumulation pattern of total saponins. Knockdown experiments of PnNAC2 in P. notoginseng calli revealed a significant reduction in saponin content and the expression level of pivotal saponin biosynthetic genes, including PnSS, PnSE, and PnDS. Subsequently, Y1H assays, dual-LUC assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrated that PnNAC2 exhibits binding affinity to the promoters of PnSS, PnSE and PnDS, thereby activating their transcription. Additionally, an overexpression assay of PnNAC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana witnessed the acceleration of flowering and the induction of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene expression. Furthermore, PnNAC2 demonstrated the ability to bind to the promoters of AtFT and PnFT genes, further activating their transcription. In summary, these results revealed that PnNAC2 acts as a multifunctional regulator, intricately involved in the modulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis and flowering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Hu
- School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhu Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojie He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu An
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanyuan Guan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengli Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Liu J, Zuo TT, Hu Y, Li Z, Wang HD, Xu XY, Yang WZ, Guo DA. Advances and challenges in ginseng research from 2011 to 2020: the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:875-909. [PMID: 35128553 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 to the end of 2020Panax species (Araliaceae), particularly P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, have a long history of medicinal use because of their remarkable tonifying effects, and currently serve as crucial sources for various healthcare products, functional foods, and cosmetics, aside from their vast clinical preparations. The huge market demand on a global scale prompts the continuous prosperity in ginseng research concerning the discovery of new compounds, precise quality control, ADME (absorption/disposition/metabolism/excretion), and biosynthesis pathways. Benefitting from the ongoing rapid development of analytical technologies, e.g. multi-dimensional chromatography (MDC), personalized mass spectrometry (MS) scan strategies, and multi-omics, highly recognized progress has been made in driving ginseng analysis towards "systematicness, integrity, personalization, and intelligentization". Herein, we review the advances in the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis pathway of ginseng over the past decade (2011-2020), with 410 citations. Emphasis is placed on the introduction of new compounds isolated (saponins and polysaccharides), and the emerging novel analytical technologies and analytical strategies that favor ginseng's authentic use and global consumption. Perspectives on the challenges and future trends in ginseng analysis are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Tan MM, Chen MH, Han F, Wang JW, Tu YX. Role of Bioactive Constituents of Panax notoginseng in the Modulation of Tumorigenesis: A Potential Review for the Treatment of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738914. [PMID: 34776959 PMCID: PMC8578715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death, affecting people in both developed and developing countries. It is a challenging disease due to its complicated pathophysiological mechanism. Many anti-cancer drugs are used to treat cancer and reduce mortality rates, but their toxicity limits their administration. Drugs made from natural products, which act as multi-targeted therapy, have the ability to target critical signaling proteins in different pathways. Natural compounds possess pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer activity, low toxicity, and minimum side effects. Panax notoginseng is a medicinal plant whose extracts and phytochemicals are used to treat cancer, cardiovascular disorders, blood stasis, easing inflammation, edema, and pain. P. notoginseng's secondary metabolites target cancer's dysregulated pathways, causing cancer cell death. In this review, we focused on several ginsenosides extracted from P. notoginseng that have been evaluated against various cancer cell lines, with the aim of cancer treatment. Furthermore, an in vivo investigation of these ginsenosides should be conducted to gain insight into the dysregulation of several pathways, followed by clinical trials for the potential and effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yue-Xing Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Zhong H, Wu H, Bai H, Wang M, Wen J, Gong J, Miao M, Yuan F. Panax notoginseng saponins promote liver regeneration through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cell proliferation pathway and upregulation of the AKT/Bad cell survival pathway in mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:122. [PMID: 31182089 PMCID: PMC6558887 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Backgroud The regenerative capacity of the liver is crucial for the host to survive after serious hepatic injuries, tumor resection, or living donor liver transplantation. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been reported to exert protective effects during organ injuries. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of PNS on liver regeneration(LR) and on injuries induced by partial hepatectomy (PH). Methods We performed 70% partial PH on C57BL/6 J mice treated with or without PNS. LR was estimated by liver weight/body weight, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and cell proliferation, and the related cellular signals were analyzed by Western blot. Results Different concentrations of PNS promoted hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Mice in the PNS group showed higher liver/body weight ratios at 2 d and 7 d (P < 0.05) after PH and lower levels of serum ALT and AST (P < 0.05) compared to those of mice in the normal control (NC) group. Histological analysis showed that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) at 2 d and 7 d after PH was significantly higher in the PNS group than in the NC group (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, the AKT/mTOR cell proliferation pathway and AKT/Bad cell survival pathway were activated by PNS, which accelerated hepatocyte proliferation and inhibited apoptosis (P < 0.05). Conclusions PNS promoted liver regeneration through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and upregulated the AKT/Bad cell pathways in mice.
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Xu C, Wang W, Wang B, Zhang T, Cui X, Pu Y, Li N. Analytical methods and biological activities of Panax notoginseng saponins: Recent trends. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:443-465. [PMID: 30802611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, also called Sanqi, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which has long history used as herbal medicines. It is currently an important medicinal material in China, holding the first place in the sale volume of the whole patent medicines market in China, and the market size of the single species has exceeded 10 billion yuan. In addition, P. notoginseng is an important constituent part of many famous Chinese patent medicines, such as Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and Yunnan Baiyao. P. notoginseng saponins (PNSs), which are the major active components of P. notoginseng, are a kind of chemical mixture containing different dammarane-type saponins. Many studies show that PNSs have been extensively used in medical research or applications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute lung injury, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, various PNS preparations, such as injections and capsules, have been made commercially available and are widely applied in clinical practice. AIM OF THE REVIEW Since the safety and efficacy of compounds are related to their qualitative and quantitative analyses, this review briefly summarizes the analytic approaches for PNSs and their biological effects developed in the last decade. METHODOLOGY This review conducted a systematic search in electronic databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, since 2009. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers and patents in either English or Chinese. RESULTS At present, the chromatographic technique remains the most extensively used approach for the identification or quantitation of PNSs, coupled with different detectors, among which the difference mainly lies in their sensitivity and specificity for analyzing various compounds. It is well-known that PNSs have traditionally strong activity on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, or brain injury. The recent studies showed that PNSs also responded to osteoporosis, cancers, diabetes, and drug toxicity. However, some other studies also showed that some PNSs injections and special PNS components might lead to some biological toxicity under certain dosages. CONCLUSION This review may be used as a basis for further research in the field of quantitative and qualitative analyses, and is expected to provide updated and valuable insights into the potential medicinal applications of PNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Institute of KPC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kunming 650100, China.
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Screening and evaluation of adventitious root lines of Panax notoginseng by morphology, gene expression, and metabolite profiles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4405-4415. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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