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Silva RH, Pedro LC, Manosso LM, Gonçalves CL, Réus GZ. Pre- and Post-Synaptic protein in the major depressive Disorder: From neurobiology to therapeutic targets. Neuroscience 2024; 556:14-24. [PMID: 39103041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has demonstrated its negative impact on various aspects of the lives of those affected. Although several therapies have been developed over the years, it remains a challenge for mental health professionals. Thus, understanding the pathophysiology of MDD is necessary to improve existing treatment options or seek new therapeutic alternatives. Clinical and preclinical studies in animal models of depression have shown the involvement of synaptic plasticity in both the development of MDD and the response to available drugs. However, synaptic plasticity involves a cascade of events, including the action of presynaptic proteins such as synaptophysin and synapsins and postsynaptic proteins such as postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95). Additionally, several factors can negatively impact the process of spinogenesis/neurogenesis, which are related to many outcomes, including MDD. Thus, this narrative review aims to deepen the understanding of the involvement of synaptic formations and their components in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritele H Silva
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pedro
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luana M Manosso
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Cinara L Gonçalves
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Zhang L, Lu N, Liu M. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors regulate the interrelation between 5-HT and inflammation after myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37422634 PMCID: PMC10329792 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a main cause of death all around the world. There is a close relationship between myocardial infarction (MI) and depression. MI patients with untreated depression had higher mortality than those without depression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of escitalopram in treating a model under MI and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with sham surgery, or MI surgery, or UCMS, or escitalopram (ES) for a consecutive two weeks. And the mice were divided into Sham group, MI group, MI + UCMS group, MI + UCMS + ES group (n = 8 in each group). After treatment, the mice went through open field test for anxiety behavior, sucrose preference test for depressive behavior. After sacrificed, the blood, heart, hippocampus, and cortex were collected. RESULTS The escitalopram badly increased the area of cardiac fibrosis size. The sucrose preference test demonstrated that escitalopram treatment showed significant effect in improving depressive behaviors of mice under MI + UCMS. The potential mechanism involved the interrelation between 5-HT system and inflammation. MI significantly affected the level of cardiac SERT. Both UCMS and ES significantly affected the level of cortex TNF-α. UCMS significantly affected the level of cardiac IL-33. In the hippocampus tissue, TNF-α was positively correlated with SERT, and IL-10 was positively correlated with SERT. In the cortex tissue, IL-33 was positively correlated with 5-HT4R, and sST2 was positively correlated with 5-HT. CONCLUSIONS Two-week escitalopram treatment might worsen myocardial infarction. But escitalopram could benefit depressive behaviors, which may be related with the interrelationship between the 5-HT system and inflammatory factors in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Department of Psycho-cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Psycho-cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Department of Psycho-cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Liu X, Wang Q, Chen M, Tao J, Wang J, Liu S, Hou J, Li D, Wang R. Interaction between Changan Granule and its main components in the plasma and CYP450 enzymes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116303. [PMID: 36841379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Changan Granule (CAG) is a Chinese patent drug developed based on an empirical prescription in accordance with the formulation theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The prescription is composed of eight herbal drugs which have been traditionally used by Chinese people for a long history. It has effects of invigorating spleen and supplementing qi, as well as regulating liver and ceasing diarrhea, and is indicated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the interaction between CAG and its main components and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes so as to characterize the major metabolites and metabolic enzymes and evaluate the safety concerns to its clinical use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both in vivo and in vitro experiments using such as diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) rat model, HepG2 cells, and human liver microsomes (HLM) were carried out to investigate the interaction between CAG and its main components and CYP450 enzymes. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and cocktail probes were employed to qualitatively or quantitatively measure the metabolites and metabolic enzymes. RESULTS CAG inhibited the enzyme activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 and the mRNA expressions of CYP2E1, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 in vitro. CAG down-regulated the increased expression of CYP1A2 and up-regulated the decreased expression of CYP3A1 in vivo. Twenty-two metabolites were characterized from the main components of CAG after incubation with HLM in vitro. CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were identified as the characteristic metabolic enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a reference for clinical application of CAG in safety. CAG and CYP450 enzymes are interacted. CAG is mainly metabolized by CYP2E1 and CYP2D6. The expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 are more susceptible to be influenced by CAG in comparison with that of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2. It implies the potential risk of interaction when CAG is taken together with the drugs metabolized by CYP2E1 and CYP2D6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qiaoxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiayue Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jincai Hou
- Hebei Shineway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Langfang, 065201, China
| | - Dan Li
- Hebei Shineway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Langfang, 065201, China.
| | - Rufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Gamage E, Orr R, Travica N, Lane MM, Jacka F, Dissanayaka T, Kim JH, Grosso G, Godos J, Marx W. Polyphenols as novel interventions for depression: exploring the efficacy, mechanisms of action, and implications for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105225. [PMID: 37164045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous animal and human studies have assessed the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. However, no comprehensive synthesis of the main findings has been conducted. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the available evidence from animal and human studies on the association and the effects of dietary polyphenols on depression and provide recommendations for future research. We based our review on 163 preclinical animal, 16 observational and 44 intervention articles assessing the relationship between polyphenols and outcomes related to depression. Most animal studies demonstrated that exposure to polyphenols alleviated behaviours reported to be associated with depression. However, human studies are less clear, with some studies reporting and inverse relationship between the intake of some polyphenols, and polyphenol rich foods and depression risk and symptoms, while others reporting no association or effect. Hence, while there has been extensive research conducted in animals and there is some supporting evidence in humans, further human studies are required, particularly in younger and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gamage
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca Orr
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melissa M Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jee H Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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Gu M, Feng Y, Chen Y, Fan S, Huang C. Deoxyschizandrin ameliorates obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Involvement of dual Farnesyl X receptor/G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 activation and leptin sensitization. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36809683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural dual farnesyl X receptor (FXR)/G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) activators have received little attention in the management of metabolic diseases. Deoxyschizandrin (DS), a natural lignan, occurs in S. chinensis fruit and has potent hepatoprotective effects, whereas its protective roles and mechanisms against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely elusive. Here, we identified DS as a dual FXR/TGR5 agonist using luciferase reporter and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assays. DS was orally or intracerebroventricularly administrated to high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, and methionine and choline-deficient L-amino acid diet (MCD diet)-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to evaluate its protective effects. Exogenous leptin treatment was employed to investigate the sensitization effect of DS on leptin. The molecular mechanism of DS was explored by Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and ELISA. The results showed that DS activated FXR/TGR5 signaling and effectively reduced NAFLD in DIO and MCD diet-fed mice. DS countered obesity in DIO mice by promoting anorexia and energy expenditure and reversing leptin resistance, involving both peripheral and central TGR5 activation and leptin sensitization. Our findings indicate that DS may be a novel therapeutic approach for alleviating obesity and NAFLD through regulating FXR and TGR5 activities and leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xia CY, Guo YX, Lian WW, Yan Y, Ma BZ, Cheng YC, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. The NLRP3 inflammasome in depression: Potential mechanisms and therapies. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106625. [PMID: 36563870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the failure of clinical antidepressants may be related with neuroinflammation. The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex, and has been considered as a key contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome is an effective method for depression treatment. In this review, we summarized current researches highlighting the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathology of depression. Firstly, we discussed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with depression and animal models. Secondly, we outlined the possible mechanisms driving the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Thirdly, we discussed the pathogenetic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in depression. Finally, we overviewed the current and potential antidepressants targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu-Xuan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Li Y, Wang ML, Zhang B, Fan XX, Tang Q, Yu X, Li LN, Fan AR, Chang HS, Zhang LZ. Antidepressant-Like Effect and Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rd on Rodent Models of Depression. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:843-861. [PMID: 35370402 PMCID: PMC8974469 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s351421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence to suggest that ginsenoside Rd (GRd) has a therapeutic effect on depression, but the specific mechanisms behind its activity require further study. Objective This study is designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect and underlying mechanisms of GRd. Methods In this study, the behavioral despair mouse model of depression and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model of depression were established to explore the effects of GRd on depression-like behavior and its underlying mechanisms. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the replication of animal models and depression-like behaviors. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) blocker 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) was injected to determine the role of HIF-1α in the antidepressant-like effect of GRd. In addition, molecular biology techniques were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators, that is synapsin 1 (SYN 1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95). In silico binding interaction studies of GRd with focused target proteins were performed using molecular docking to predict the affinity and optimal binding mode between ligands and receptors. Results Our data show that GRd significantly reversed depression-like behavior and promoted mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators. However, the antidepressant-like effect of GRd disappeared upon inhibition of HIF-1α expression following administration of 2-ME. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that GRd possessed significant binding affinity for HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR-2. Conclusion Our results show that GRd exhibits significant antidepressant-like effect and that HIF-1α signaling pathway is a promising target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang-Ran Fan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
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Immune and nonimmune mechanisms mediate the mental stress-induced tumor growth in a xenograft model of breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:987. [PMID: 34689156 PMCID: PMC8542049 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excess mental stress may harm health, and even accelerate cancer initiation and progression. One fourth of breast cancer patients suffer mental stress including anxiety, sadness, or depression, which negatively affect prognosis and survival. However, the regulatory mechanism is yet to be determined. Herein, we applied unpredictable stress stimuli to the breast tumor-bearing mice to establish a xenograft model of breast cancer suffering mental stress, followed by behavioral tests, tumor growth tracking, immune analysis, miRNA screening, and tumor cell proliferation analysis as well. As a result, increased stress hormone levels in serum, decreased percentage of T and NK cells in both blood and tumor samples and accelerated tumor growth in vivo were observed in the mice exposed to mental stress. Promoted cell proliferation was observed in both primary tumor cells derived from the stressed mice and 4T1 breast cancer cells treated with stress hormone corticosterone. In addition, a subset of miRNAs including miR-326, 346, 493, 595, 615, and 665 were identified through a miRNA screening with downregulation in tumors of the stressed mice. CCND1 was identified as a common target gene of miR-346 and miR-493, the top two most significantly downregulated miRNAs by stress exposure. The stress-miRNA-CCND1 signaling regulation of the tumor cell proliferation was further validated in 4T1 cells treated with corticosterone in vitro. GO terms and KEGG pathways analyses on the target genes of miR-346 and miR-493 revealed their involvement in the regulation of human cancer and neuron system, indicating the importance of non-coding genome in mediating the mental stress-induced cancer regulation. In conclusion, this study not only explored immune and nonimmune mechanisms through which mental stress exposure contributes to tumor growth in breast cancer, but also suggested a new therapeutic strategy for cancer patients suffering mental stress.
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