1
|
Haskins JD, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Lee BH, Shah V, Wolfe GM, DiGangi J, Fibiger D, McDuffie EE, Veres P, Schroder JC, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Weinheimer A, Sparks T, Cohen RC, Campos T, Sullivan A, Guo H, Weber R, Dibb J, Greene J, Fiddler M, Bililign S, Jaeglé L, Brown SS, Thornton JA. Anthropogenic control over wintertime oxidation of atmospheric pollutants. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:14826-14835. [PMID: 33012881 PMCID: PMC7526063 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl085498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During winter in the mid-latitudes, photochemical oxidation is significantly slower than in summer and the main radical oxidants driving formation of secondary pollutants, such as fine particulate matter and ozone, remain uncertain, owing to a lack of observations in this season. Using airborne observations, we quantify the contribution of various oxidants on a regional basis during winter, enabling improved chemical descriptions of wintertime air pollution transformations. We show that 25-60% of NOx is converted to N2O5 via multiphase reactions between gas-phase nitrogen oxide reservoirs and aerosol particles, with ~93% reacting in the marine boundary layer to form >2.5 ppbv ClNO2. This results in >70% of the oxidizing capacity of polluted air during winter being controlled, not by typical photochemical reactions, but from these multiphase reactions and emissions of volatile organic compounds, such as HCHO, highlighting the control local anthropogenic emissions have on the oxidizing capacity of the polluted wintertime atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Haskins
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - B. H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - V. Shah
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - G. M. Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - J. DiGangi
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA
| | - D. Fibiger
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - E. E. McDuffie
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J. C. Schroder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - D. A. Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - A. Weinheimer
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - T. Sparks
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA USA
| | - T. Campos
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - A. Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - H. Guo
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - R. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - J. Dibb
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - J. Greene
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - M. Fiddler
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - S. Bililign
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - S. S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Finlayson‐Pitts BJ. Multiphase chemistry in the troposphere: It all starts … and ends … with gases. INT J CHEM KINET 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
3
|
Richards-Henderson NK, Anderson C, Anastasio C, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. The effect of cations on NO2 production from the photolysis of aqueous thin water films of nitrate salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32211-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cations are shown to enhance nitrate photochemistry by changing the concentrations of nitrate ions in the interface region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land
- Air and Water Resources
- University of California – Davis
- Davis
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wittmer J, Bleicher S, Zetzsch C. Iron(III)-Induced Activation of Chloride and Bromide from Modeled Salt Pans. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4373-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508006s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wittmer
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Research Unit,
BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch Strasse 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sergej Bleicher
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Research Unit,
BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch Strasse 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Cornelius Zetzsch
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Research Unit,
BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans-Frisch Strasse 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richards-Henderson NK, Callahan KM, Nissenson P, Nishino N, Tobias DJ, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Production of gas phase NO2 and halogens from the photolysis of thin water films containing nitrate, chloride and bromide ions at room temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:17636-46. [PMID: 24042539 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52956h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate and halide ions coexist in particles generated in marine regions, around alkaline dry lakes, and in the Arctic snowpack. Although the photochemistry of nitrate ions in bulk aqueous solution is well known, there is recent evidence that it may be more efficient at liquid-gas interfaces, and that the presence of other ions in solution may enhance interfacial reactivity. This study examines the 311 nm photolysis of thin aqueous films of ternary halide-nitrate salt mixtures (NaCl-NaBr-NaNO3) deposited on the walls of a Teflon chamber at 298 K. The films were generated by nebulizing aqueous 0.25 M NaNO3 solutions which had NaCl and NaBr added to vary the mole fraction of halide ions. Molar ratios of chloride to bromide ions were chosen to be 0.25, 1.0, or 4.0. The subsequent generation of gas phase NO2 and reactive halogen gases (Br2, BrCl and Cl2) were monitored with time. The rate of gas phase NO2 formation was shown to be enhanced by the addition of the halide ions to thin films containing only aqueous NaNO3. At [Cl(-)]/[Br(-)] ≤ 1.0, the NO2 enhancement was similar to that observed for binary NaBr-NaNO3 mixtures, while with excess chloride NO2 enhancement was similar to that observed for binary NaCl-NaNO3 mixtures. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that the halide ions draw nitrate ions closer to the interface where a less complete solvent shell allows more efficient escape of NO2 to the gas phase, and that bromide ions are more effective in bringing nitrate ions closer to the surface. The combination of theory and experiments suggests that under atmospheric conditions where nitrate ion photochemistry plays a role, the impact of other species such as halide ions should be taken into account in predicting the impacts of nitrate ion photochemistry.
Collapse
|
6
|
Richards NK, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Production of gas phase NO₂ and halogens from the photochemical oxidation of aqueous mixtures of sea salt and nitrate ions at room temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10447-10454. [PMID: 22506935 DOI: 10.1021/es300607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and halide ions coexist in a number of environmental systems, including sea salt particles, the Arctic snowpack, and alkaline dry lakes. However, little is known about potential synergisms between halide and nitrate ions. The effect of sea salt on NO(3)(-) photochemistry at 311 nm was investigated at 298 K using thin films of deliquesced NaNO(3)-synthetic sea salt mixtures. Gas phase NO(2), NO, and halogen products were measured as a function of photolysis time using NO(y) chemiluminescence and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS). The production of NO(2) increases with the halide-to-nitrate ratio, and is similar to that for mixtures of NaCl with NaNO(3). Gas phase halogen production also increased with the halide-to-nitrate ratio, consistent with NO(3)(-) photolysis yielding OH which oxidizes halide ions in the film. Yields of gas phase halogens and NO were strongly dependent on the acidity of the solution, while that of NO(2) was not. An additional halogen formation mechanism in the dark involving molecular HNO(3) is proposed that may be important in other systems such as reactions on surfaces. These studies show that the yield of Br(2) relative to NO(2) during photolysis of halide-nitrate mixtures could be as high as 35% under some atmospheric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dentener FJ, Crutzen PJ. Reaction of N2O5on tropospheric aerosols: Impact on the global distributions of NOx, O3, and OH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Buxmann J, Balzer N, Bleicher S, Platt U, Zetzsch C. Observations of bromine explosions in smog chamber experiments above a model salt pan. INT J CHEM KINET 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Richards NK, Wingen LM, Callahan KM, Nishino N, Kleinman MT, Tobias DJ, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Nitrate Ion Photolysis in Thin Water Films in the Presence of Bromide Ions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5810-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109560j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Lisa M. Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Karen M. Callahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Noriko Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Michael T. Kleinman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-1825, United States
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
12
|
Beccaceci S, Ogden JS, Dyke JM. Spectroscopic study of the reaction between Br2 and dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and comparison with a parallel study made on Cl2 + DMS: possible atmospheric implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2075-82. [DOI: 10.1039/b917173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
13
|
Ali K, Beig G, Chate DM, Momin GA, Sahu SK, Safai PD. Sink mechanism for significantly low level of ozone over the Arabian Sea during monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Liu Y, Cain JP, Wang H, Laskin A. Kinetic Study of Heterogeneous Reaction of Deliquesced NaCl Particles with Gaseous HNO3 Using Particle-on-Substrate Stagnation Flow Reactor Approach. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:10026-43. [PMID: 17850118 DOI: 10.1021/jp072005p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reaction kinetics of gaseous nitric acid with deliquesced sodium chloride particles NaCl(aq) + HNO3(g) --> NaNO3(aq) + HCl(g) were investigated with a novel particle-on-substrate stagnation flow reactor (PS-SFR) approach under conditions, including particle size, relative humidity, and reaction time, directly relevant to the atmospheric chemistry of sea salt particles. Particles deposited onto an electron microscopy grid substrate were exposed to the reacting gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature by impingement via a stagnation flow inside the reactor. The reactor design and choice of flow parameters were guided by computational fluid dynamics to ensure uniformity of the diffusion flux to all particles undergoing reaction. The reaction kinetics was followed by observing chloride depletion in the particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (CCSEM/EDX). The validity of the current approach was examined first by conducting experiments with median dry particle diameter D(p) = 0.82 microm, 80% relative humidity, particle loading densities 4 x 10(4) <or= N(s) <or= 7 x 10(6) cm(-2) and free stream HNO3 concentrations 2, 7, and 22 ppb. Upon deliquescence the droplet diameter D(d) approximately doubles. The apparent, pseudo-first-order rate constant determined in these experiments varied with particle loading and HNO3 concentration in a manner consistent with a diffusion-kinetic analysis reported earlier (Laskin, A.; Wang, H.; Robertson, W. H.; Cowin, J. P.; Ezell, M. J.; Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 10619). The intrinsic, second-order rate constant was obtained as kII = 5.7 x 10(-15) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) in the limit of zero particle loading and by assuming that the substrate is inert to HNO3. Under this loading condition the experimental, net reaction uptake coefficient was found to be gamma(net) = 0.11 with an uncertainty factor of 3. Additional experiments examined the variations of HNO3 uptake on pure NaCl, a sea salt-like mixture of NaCl and MgCl2 (Mg-to-Cl molar ratio of 0.114) and real sea salt particles as a function of relative humidity. Results show behavior of the uptake coefficient to be similar for all three types of salt particles with D(p) approximately 0.9 miccrom over the relative humidity range 20-80%. Gaseous HNO3 uptake coefficient peaks around a relative humidity of 55%, with gamma(net) well over 0.2 for sea salt. Below the efflorescence relative humidity the uptake coefficient declines with decreasing RH for all three sea salt types, and it does so without exhibiting a sudden shutoff of reactivity. The uptake of HNO3 on sea salt particles was more rapid than that on the mixture of NaCl and MgCl2, and uptake on both sea salt and sea salt-like mixture was faster than on pure NaCl. The uptake of HNO3 on deliquesced, pure NaCl particles was also examined over the particle size range of 0.57 <or= D(p) <or= 1.7 microm (1.1 <or= D(d) <or= 3.4 microm) under a constant relative humidity of 80%. The uptake coefficient decreases monotonically with an increase in particle size. Application of a resistance model of reaction kinetics and reactant diffusion over a single particle suggests that, over the range of particle size studied, the uptake is largely controlled by gaseous reactant diffusion from the free stream to the particle surface. In addition, a combined consideration of uptake coefficients obtained in the present study and those previously reported for substantially smaller droplets (D(d) approximately 0.1 microm) (Saul, T. D.; Tolocka, M. P.; Johnston, M. V. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 7614) suggests that the peak reactivity occurs at a droplet diameter of approximately 0.7 microm, which is immediately below the size at which sea salt aerosols begin to notably contribute to light scattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Laskin A, Wang H, Robertson WH, Cowin JP, Ezell MJ, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. A New Approach to Determining Gas-Particle Reaction Probabilities and Application to the Heterogeneous Reaction of Deliquesced Sodium Chloride Particles with Gas-Phase Hydroxyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10619-27. [PMID: 16956244 DOI: 10.1021/jp063263+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction kinetics for gaseous hydroxyl radicals (OH) with deliquesced sodium chloride particles (NaCl(aq)) were investigated using a novel experimental approach. The technique utilizes the exposure of substrate-deposited aerosol particles to reactive gases followed by chemical analysis of the particles using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (CCSEM/EDX) capability. Experiments were performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with deliquesced NaCl particles in the micron size range at 70-80% RH and with OH concentrations in the range of 1 to 7 x 10(9) cm(-3). The apparent, pseudo first-order rate constant for the reaction was determined from measurements of changes in the chloride concentration of individual particles upon reaction with OH as a function of the particle loading on the substrate. Quantitative treatment of the data using a model that incorporates both diffusion and reaction kinetics yields a lower limit to the net reaction probability of gamma(net) > or = 0.1, with an overall uncertainty of a factor of 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Toda K, Ohira SI, Tanaka T, Nishimura T, Dasgupta PK. Field instrument for simultaneous large dynamic range measurement of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and sulfur dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:1529-1536. [PMID: 15046356 DOI: 10.1021/es034450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe a membrane-based collection/analysis system that differentially monitors H2S and CH3SH, and to which a conductometric SO2 analyzer using the same collector was coupled. A diffusion scrubber (DS) comprised of a Nafion tube collects H2S selectively while a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (pPTFE) DS collects both H2S and CH3SH. Both gases are measured via their ability to react with fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA) which results in decreased fluorescence. The limited dynamic range of a negative signal procedure was overcome by using dual DS units comprised of short and long scrubbers, placed serially in the liquid flow line. Different DS designs and membrane materials were investigated. H2S, CH3SH, and SO2 from a biogenic point source were continuously measured, and the H2S/CH3SH data compared well with a standard procedure involving Tedlar bag collection, preconcentration and thermal desorption from a Tenax trap, and measurement by gas chromatography/flame photometric detection. Walkaround portability of the instrument and very large dynamic range measurement of H2S and SO2 were demonstrated around the Mt. Aso volcano.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Toda
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michel J Rossi
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Environnement (ISTE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hoffman RC, Kaleuati MA, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Knudsen Cell Studies of the Reaction of Gaseous HNO3 with NaCl Using Less than a Single Layer of Particles at 298 K: A Modified Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030611o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Margaret A. Kaleuati
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jaeglé L. Sources and budgets for CO and O3in the northeastern Pacific during the spring of 2001: Results from the PHOBEA-II Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
McFiggans G. Active chlorine release from marine aerosols: Roles for reactive iodine and nitrogen species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
22
|
Geyer A. Temperature dependence of the NO3loss frequency: A new indicator for the contribution of NO3to the oxidation of monoterpenes and NOxremoval in the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Hemminger JC. Physical Chemistry of Airborne Sea Salt Particles and Their Components. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002968n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John C. Hemminger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sodeau JR, Roddis TB, Gane MP. A Study of the Heterogeneous Reaction between Dinitrogen Pentaoxide and Chloride Ions on Low-Temperature Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993763l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Sodeau
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Matt P. Gane
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laniewski K, Boren H, Grimvall A. Fractionation of halogenated organic matter present in rain and snow. CHEMOSPHERE 1999; 38:393-409. [PMID: 10901663 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter in samples of rain and snow from Sweden, Poland, Germany and the Republic of Ireland was fractionated by employing a series of filtration, purging, evaporation and extraction steps. Determinations of the group parameter AOX (adsorbable organic halogens) in aqueous phases and EOX (extractable organic halogens) in organic phases showed that halogenated organic matter present in bulk precipitation is composed of several different groups of compounds. The largest amounts of organically bound halogens were found in fractions of relatively polar and non-volatile to semivolatile compounds. In particular, a significant part of the AOX could be attributed to alkaline-labile organic bases. Gas chromatographic analysis of different organic extracts in the chlorine channel of an atomic emission detector (AED) resulted in chromatograms with few distinct peaks, and analysis in the bromine channel did not produce any distinct peaks. Chlorinated acetic acids were the most abundant halogenated organic acids, and chlorinated alkyl phosphates were normally responsible for the largest peaks in the chlorine chromatogram of neutral, hexane-extractable compounds. When analysing volatiles, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and a thus far unidentified chloroorganic compound often caused the largest response in the chlorine channel of the AED system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Laniewski
- Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linkoping University, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Schweitzer
- Centre de Géochimie de la Surface/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and Université Louis Pasteur, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Mirabel
- Centre de Géochimie de la Surface/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and Université Louis Pasteur, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian George
- Centre de Géochimie de la Surface/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and Université Louis Pasteur, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abbatt JPD, Waschewsky GCG. Heterogeneous Interactions of HOBr, HNO3, O3, and NO2 with Deliquescent NaCl Aerosols at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. D. Abbatt
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - G. C. G. Waschewsky
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Haan DO, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Knudsen Cell Studies of the Reaction of Gaseous Nitric Acid with Synthetic Sea Salt at 298 K. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972450s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. O. De Haan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - B. J. Finlayson-Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scheer V, Frenzel A, Behnke W, Zetzsch C, Magi L, George C, Mirabel P. Uptake of Nitrosyl Chloride (NOCl) by Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972143m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Langer S, Pemberton RS, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Studies of the Reaction of Synthetic Sea Salt Mixtures with NO2: A Key Role for Hydrates in the Kinetics and Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Langer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - R. Sean Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Behnke W, George C, Scheer V, Zetzsch C. Production and decay of ClNO2from the reaction of gaseous N2O5with NaCl solution: Bulk and aerosol experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Heintz F, Platt U, Flentje H, Dubois R. Long-term observation of nitrate radicals at the Tor Station, Kap Arkona (Rügen). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Sander R, Crutzen PJ. Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Brown LA, Vaida V, Hanson DR, Graham JD, Roberts JT. Uptake of Chlorine Dioxide by Model PSCs under Stratospheric Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp951664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. Hanson
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80303
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh HB, Gregory GL, Anderson B, Browell E, Sachse GW, Davis DD, Crawford J, Bradshaw JD, Talbot R, Blake DR, Thornton D, Newell R, Merrill J. Low ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean: Photochemical loss, chlorine atoms, and entrainment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Production of a photolytic precursor of atomic Cl from aerosols and Cl- in the presence of O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0061-8_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Kutsuna S, Ibusuki T. Fourier transform infrared measurement of the formation of nitrogen compounds on sodium chloride particles exposed to the ambient air in the Arctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Chlorine atoms as a potential tropospheric oxidant in the marine boundary layer. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 1993. [DOI: 10.1163/156856793x00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
41
|
Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Comment on “Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California” by D. D. Parrish et al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|