1
|
Lerro CC, Andreotti G, Koutros S, Lee WJ, Hofmann JN, Sandler DP, Parks CG, Blair A, Lubin JH, Beane Freeman LE. Alachlor Use and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study: An Updated Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:950-958. [PMID: 29471327 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The herbicide alachlor has been widely used in US agriculture since its introduction in 1969. Experimental animal studies show that alachlor causes tumors in vivo; however, few epidemiologic studies have examined associations with human cancer risk. We evaluated alachlor use and cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study, updating an earlier analysis that suggested associations with lymphohematopoietic cancers with an additional 540 142 person-years of follow-up and 5113 cancer cases. Methods Pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina reported lifetime alachlor use at enrollment (1993-1997) and follow-up (1999-2005). Exposure was characterized by cumulative intensity-weighted days. We estimated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Poisson regression for incident cancers from enrollment through 2012(NC)/2013(IA). Models adjusted for age, tobacco, alcohol, and other pesticides. All statistical tests are two-sided. Results Among 49 685 applicators, 25 640 (51.6%) used alachlor, with 3534 alachlor-exposed cancers. The relative risks of laryngeal cancer (nexposed = 34) increased in the second (RR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.95 to 11.23), third (RR = 6.04, 95% CI = 2.44 to 14.99), and fourth quartiles (RR = 7.10, 95% CI = 2.58 to 19.53) of intensity-weighted days of use compared with no use (Ptrend = .001). Risk of myeloid leukemia was elevated, though not statistically significantly so, in the fourth quartile of intensity-weighted days of use (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.85 to 3.87, Ptrend = .17). Conclusions We observed a strong positive association with use of alachlor and laryngeal cancer and a weaker association with myeloid leukemia. The strength and robustness of the association with laryngeal cancer suggests that long-term occupational exposure to alachlor may be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. This first report requires confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Lerro
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Dale P Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Christine G Parks
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Aaron Blair
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jay H Lubin
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maurya SS, Katiyar T, Dhawan A, Singh S, Jain SK, Pant MC, Parmar D. Gene-environment interactions in determining differences in genetic susceptibility to cancer in subsites of the head and neck. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:313-321. [PMID: 25399842 DOI: 10.1002/em.21920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic differences in susceptibility to cancer in subsites of the head and neck were investigated in a case-control study involving 750 cases of cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, or pharynx, and an equal number of healthy controls. The prevalence of variant genotypes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, 1B1, 2E1, or glutathione-S-transferase M1 (null) in cases suggests that polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) modify cancer risk within subsites of the head and neck. Tobacco or alcohol use was found to increase the risk in cases of laryngeal, pharyngeal, or oral cavity cancers. Interaction between genetic variation in DMEs and tobacco smoke (or smoking) exposures conferred significant risk for laryngeal cancer. Likewise, strong associations of the polymorphic genotypes of DMEs with cases of pharyngeal and oral cavity cancer who were tobacco chewers or alcohol users demonstrate that gene-environment interactions may explain differences in genetic susceptibility for cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra S Maurya
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pickering G, Macian N, Libert F, Cardot JM, Coissard S, Perovitch P, Maury M, Dubray C. Buccal acetaminophen provides fast analgesia: two randomized clinical trials in healthy volunteers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1621-7. [PMID: 25302017 PMCID: PMC4189711 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s63476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen (APAP) by oral or intravenous (iv) routes is used for mild to moderate pain but may take time to be effective. When fast relief is required and/or oral or iv routes are not available because of the patient’s condition, the transmucosal route may be an alternative. Methodology A new transmucosal/buccal (b) pharmaceutical form of APAP dissolved in 50% wt alcohol is compared with other routes of administration. Two consecutive randomized, crossover, double-blind clinical trials (CT1: NCT00982215 and CT2: NCT01206985) included 16 healthy volunteers. CT1 compared the pharmacology of 250 mg bAPAP with 1 g iv APAP. CT2 compared the pharmacodynamics of 125 mg bAPAP with 1 g iv and 125 mg sublingual (s) APAP. Mechanical pain thresholds are recorded in response to mechanical stimuli applied on the forearm several times during 120 minutes. The objective is to compare the time of onset of antinociception and the antinociception (area under the curve) between the routes of administration with analysis of variance (significance P<0.05). Results bAPAP has a faster time of antinociception onset (15 minutes, P<0.01) and greater antinociception at 50 minutes (P<0.01, CT1) and 30 minutes (P<0.01, CT2) than ivAPAP and sAPAP. All routes are similar after 50 minutes. Conclusion bAPAP has a faster antinociceptive action in healthy volunteers. This attractive alternative to other routes would be useful in situations where oral or iv routes are not available. This finding must now be confirmed in patients suffering from acute pain of mild and moderate intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisèle Pickering
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France ; Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France ; Clermont Université, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Macian
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Libert
- Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France ; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Michel Cardot
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Séverine Coissard
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Claude Dubray
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France ; Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France ; Clermont Université, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haertter S. Recent examples on the clinical relevance of the CYP2D6 polymorphism and endogenous functionality of CYP2D6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 28:209-16. [PMID: 24088607 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2013-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) belongs to a group of CYPs considered of utmost importance in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Despite being of only minor abundance in the liver, it is involved in the clearance of >25% of marketed drugs. Accordingly, CYP2D6 can be very efficiently inhibited by a couple of commonly used drugs such as some antidepressants, although induction by any drug has not been observed thus far. CYP2D6 was also one of the first enzymes for which a highly polymorphic expression could be shown leading to a widespread range of functionality, from a complete lack of a functional enzyme to overexpression due to multiplication of active alleles. A clear relationship between the CYP2D6 genotype and adverse events during treatment with CNS-active drugs such as codeine, antidepressants, or antipsychotics could be demonstrated. More recently, some new aspects emerged about the potential endogenous function of CYP2D6 in terms of behavior and brain disorders.
Collapse
|
5
|
Anticancer and multidrug resistance-reversal effects of solanidine analogs synthetized from pregnadienolone acetate. Molecules 2014; 19:2061-76. [PMID: 24549231 PMCID: PMC6271930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of solanidine analogs with antiproliferative properties were recently synthetized from pregnadienolone acetate, which occurs in Nature. The aim of the present study was an in vitro characterization of their antiproliferative action and an investigation of their multidrug resistance-reversal activity on cancer cells. Six of the compounds elicited the accumulation of a hypodiploid population of HeLa cells, indicating their apoptosis-inducing character, and another one caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The most effective agents inhibited the activity of topoisomerase I, as evidenced by plasmid supercoil relaxation assays. One of the most potent analogs down-regulated the expression of cell-cycle related genes at the mRNA level, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and induced growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45 alpha. Some of the investigated compounds inhibited the ABCB1 transporter and caused rhodamine-123 accumulation in murine lymphoma cells transfected by human MDR1 gene, expressing the efflux pump (L5178). One of the most active agents in this aspect potentiated the antiproliferative action of doxorubicin without substantial intrinsic cytostatic capacity. The current results indicate that the modified solanidine skeleton is a suitable substrate for the rational design and synthesis of further innovative drug candidates with anticancer activities.
Collapse
|
6
|
Senarisoy M, Canturk P, Zencir S, Baran Y, Topcu Z. Gossypol interferes with both type I and type II topoisomerase activities without generating strand breaks. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66:199-204. [PMID: 23161103 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of agents with chemotherapeutic potentials reported over the past years were shown to interfere with the reactions of DNA topoisomerases, the essential enzymes that regulate conformational changes in DNA topology. Gossypol, a naturally occurring bioactive phytochemical is a chemopreventive agent against various types of cancer cell growth with a reported activity on mammalian topoisomerase II. The compounds targeting topoisomerases vary in their mode of action; class I compounds act by stabilizing covalent topoisomerase-DNA complexes resulting in DNA strand breaks while class II compounds interfere with the catalytic function of topoisomerases without generating strand breaks. In this study, we report Gossypol as the interfering agent with type I topoisomerases as well. We also carried out an extensive set of assays to analyze the type of interference manifested by Gossypol on DNA topoisomerases. Our results strongly suggest that Gossypol is a potential class II inhibitor as it blocked DNA topoisomerase reactions with no consequently formed strand breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muge Senarisoy
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scheer N, Wolf CR. Genetically humanized mouse models of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters and their applications. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:96-108. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.815831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
8
|
Development of cocaine-induced interstitial lung damage in two CYP2C and VKORC1 variant allele carriers. Mol Diagn Ther 2011; 15:177-80. [PMID: 21766908 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Often, the connection between drug use and the development of related inflammatory damage or idiosyncratic toxicities is hard to recognize and objectify. The presence of cytochrome P450 (CYP) variant genotypes appears to be a substantial susceptibility risk factor in the development of drug-induced pulmonary adverse events. We hypothesized that the presence of variant alleles may be associated with serious complications of illicit drug use. CASE REPORT We report the cases of two cocaine users who developed a 'flu-like' syndrome with diffuse interstitial infiltrates after cocaine abuse. Genotyping for CYP (CYP2C9, CYP2C19) and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) allelic variants (-1639G/A and 1173C/T) was performed in these two patients. Both cases were heterozygous for VKORC1 variant alleles, and both possessed a CYP2C polymorphism (case 1: CYP2C19*1/*2; case 2: CYP2C9*1/*3). CONCLUSIONS The described drug abuse cases suggest that an association between the presence of CYP2C and VKORC1 allelic variants and cocaine-induced interstitial lung damage is highly likely. It is assumed that these polymorphisms contribute to intra-individual variability in drug response and toxicity, including cocaine response and toxicity. Moreover, the importance of including pharmacogenomics in the work-up of patients with suspected drug-induced (lung) toxicity, such as alveolar hemorrhage, is highlighted by these cases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruwali M, Singh M, Pant MC, Parmar D. Polymorphism in glutathione S-transferases: Susceptibility and treatment outcome for head and neck cancer. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:1122-30. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.614020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
10
|
Azarpira N, Ashraf MJ, Khademi B, Darai M, Hakimzadeh A, Abedi E. Study the polymorphism of CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 loci in Iranian population with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:5443-8. [PMID: 21380731 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer reflects a complicated network of interactions between genes and environmental factors. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a multi-gene superfamily participating in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The aim of our study was to examine whether polymorphisms in the CYP enzyme genes affect the risk of developing larynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Polymorphism of CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 genes were investigated in 50 patients with laryngeal SCC and 100 control subjects by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In patients the CYP3A5 3/3 and 1/3genotypes were detected in 92% and 8% respectively. There was no relation between genotype, allele frequency and grade/stage of tumor. In control group, the frequency of CYP3A5 3/3 and CYP3A5 1/3 genotype were 98% and 2% respectively. There was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequency of this gene between patient and control group. In respect of CYP3A41A/B, people in both patient and control groups had the same genotype of CYP3A41A/1A. In this study, the CYP gene variants were not associated with increased risk of laryngeal SCC. Study on the other genetic factors which are involved in activation/detoxication of procarcinogenes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1 and gluthation S transferase is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Azarpira
- Organ Transplant Research Center, Nemazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Relationship between drug-induced interstitial lung diseases and cytochrome P450 polymorphisms. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2010; 16:496-502. [PMID: 20592596 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e32833c06f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interstitial lung disease and especially drug-induced interstitial lung disease can occur as a cause of drug(s) or drug-drug interactions. In this review we summarize the possible role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in drug-induced interstitial lung disease. RECENT FINDINGS The CYP enzyme family plays an important role in the metabolism of all sorts of ingested, injected or inhaled xenobiotic substances. Although the liver is considered to be the major metabolism site of CYP enzymes, in recent years more CYP isoforms have been detected in lung tissue. Polymorphisms in these CYP genes can influence the metabolic activity of the subsequent enzymes, which in turn may lead to localized (toxic) reactions and tissue damage. SUMMARY Drug toxicity can be the consequence of no or very poor enzyme activity, especially if no other metabolic route is available. In the case of reduced enzyme activity, dose reduction or prescribing an alternative drug metabolized by a different, unaffected CYP enzyme is recommended to prevent toxic side effects. Therefore, knowing a patient's CYP profile before drug prescription could be a way to prevent drug-induced interstitial lung disease. Moreover, it might be helpful in explaining serious adverse effects from inhaled, injected or ingested xenobiotic substances.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mencarelli A, Migliorati M, Barbanti M, Cipriani S, Palladino G, Distrutti E, Renga B, Fiorucci S. Pregnane-X-receptor mediates the anti-inflammatory activities of rifaximin on detoxification pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1700-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
13
|
Scheer N, Ross J, Rode A, Zevnik B, Niehaves S, Faust N, Wolf CR. A novel panel of mouse models to evaluate the role of human pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor in drug response. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:3228-39. [PMID: 18677425 DOI: 10.1172/jci35483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are closely related orphan nuclear hormone receptors that play a critical role as xenobiotic sensors in mammals. Both receptors regulate the expression of genes involved in the biotransformation of chemicals in a ligand-dependent manner. As the ligand specificity of PXR and CAR have diverged between species, the prediction of in vivo PXR and CAR interactions with a drug are difficult to extrapolate from animals to humans. We report the development of what we believe are novel PXR- and CAR-humanized mice, generated using a knockin strategy, and Pxr- and Car-KO mice as well as a panel of mice including all possible combinations of these genetic alterations. The expression of human CAR and PXR was in the predicted tissues at physiological levels, and splice variants of both human receptors were expressed. The panel of mice will allow the dissection of the crosstalk between PXR and CAR in the response to different drugs. To demonstrate the utility of this panel of mice, we used the mice to show that the in vivo induction of Cyp3a11 and Cyp2b10 by phenobarbital was only mediated by CAR, although this compound is described as a PXR and CAR activator in vitro. This panel of mouse models is a useful tool to evaluate the roles of CAR and PXR in drug bioavailability, toxicity, and efficacy in humans.
Collapse
|
14
|
Madadi P, Koren G. Pharmacogenetic insights into codeine analgesia: implications to pediatric codeine use. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:1267-84. [DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.9.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Codeine has been used medicinally since the 1800s as an analgesic and antitussive agent. Although very few studies have methodically examined the safety of codeine use in the pediatric age group, it is nonetheless commonly prescribed to children and breastfeeding mothers. Empirical evidence over the last century has suggested variability in the efficacy of codeine, and recent genomic advancements have shed important light on the mechanisms leading to such variability. Aside from evaluating the role of genetic variability in drug-metabolizing enzymes, receptors and transporters, the development of the blood–brain-barrier and the ontogeny of drug-metabolizing enzymes must also be considered in newborns and young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaz Madadi
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and The Ivey Chair in Molecular Toxicology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gideon Koren
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and The Ivey Chair in Molecular Toxicology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|