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Bedard T, Lowry RB, Crawford S, Wang TG, Bakal J, Metcalfe A, Harrop AR, Grevers X, Thomas MA. Publicly funded healthcare costs associated with orofacial clefts for children born in Alberta, Canada between 2002 and 2018. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2295. [PMID: 38179866 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial clefts (OFCs) include cleft palate (CP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) and require multidisciplinary healthcare services. Alberta, Canada has a publicly funded, universal access healthcare system. This study determined publicly funded healthcare costs for children with an OFC and compared these costs to children without congenital anomalies. METHODS This retrospective population-based cohort analysis used the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System to identify children born between 2002 and 2018 with an isolated OFC. They were matched 1:1 to a reference cohort based on sex and year of birth. The study population included 1614 children, from birth to 17 years of age linked to administrative databases to estimate annual inpatient and outpatient costs. Average annual all-cause costs were compared using two-sample independent t tests. RESULTS The mean total cleft-related costs per patient were highest for children with CLP ($74,138 CAD, standard deviation (SD) $43,447 CAD), followed by CP ($53,062 CAD, SD $74,366 CAD), and CL ($35,288 CAD, SD $49,720 CAD). The mean total all-cause costs per child were statistically significantly higher (p < .001) in children with an OFC ($56,305 CAD, SD $57,744 CAD) compared to children without a congenital anomaly ($18,600 CAD, SD $61,300 CAD). CONCLUSIONS Despite public health strategies to mitigate risk factors, the trend for OFCs has remained stable in Alberta, Canada for over 20 years. The costs reported are useful to other jurisdictions for comparison, and to families, healthcare professionals, service planners, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Bedard
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Brian Lowry
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Crawford
- Alberta Perinatal Health Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ting Grace Wang
- Provincial Research Data Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bakal
- Provincial Research Data Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy Metcalfe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Foothills Medical Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Robertson Harrop
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xin Grevers
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mary Ann Thomas
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Wagner CS, Barnett SL, Romeo D, Morales CZ, Salinero LK, Barrero CE, Pontell ME, McKenna RA, Folsom N, Taylor JA, Swanson JW. Sociodemographic Factors Predict Long-Term Attrition from Multidisciplinary Cleft Clinic. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241234804. [PMID: 38425129 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241234804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify and describe factors associated with retention and attrition of patients during longitudinal follow-up at multidisciplinary cleft clinic. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single, tertiary care center. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS Patients born between 1995 and 2007 with a diagnosis of cleft palate with or without cleft lip attending multidisciplinary cleft clinic. INTERVENTIONS None tested, observational study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Age at last clinical appointment with a multidisciplinary cleft team provider. Attrition was defined as absence of an outpatient appointment following 15 years of age. RESULTS Six hundred seventy-eight patients were included. The average age at last appointment across the entire cohort was 13.1 years (IQR 6.6-17.2). Patients who were Black (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.10-2.32, p = 0.014) and other races (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.22-2.98, p = 0.004) were more likely to be lost to follow-up compared to white patients. Publicly insured patients were more likely to experience attrition than those who were privately insured (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.65, p = 0.030). Estimated income was not significantly associated with length of follow-up (p = 0.259). Those whose residence was in the fourth quartile of driving distance from our center experienced loss to follow-up significantly more than those who lived the closest (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.50-2.78, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a high degree of follow-up attrition among patients with cleft lip and palate. Race, insurance status, and driving distance to our center were associated with attrition in a large, retrospective cohort of patients who have reached the age of cleft clinic graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S Wagner
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Sarah L Barnett
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Dominic Romeo
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Carrie Z Morales
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Lauren K Salinero
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Carlos E Barrero
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Matthew E Pontell
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Rachel A McKenna
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Nancy Folsom
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Jesse A Taylor
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Jordan W Swanson
- Divsion of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA
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Ho PSY, Quigley MA, Tucker DF, Kurinczuk JJ. Risk factors for hospitalisation in Welsh infants with a congenital anomaly. BMJ Paediatr Open 2022; 6:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001238. [PMID: 36053619 PMCID: PMC8845320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate risk factor associated with hospitalisation of infants with a congenital anomaly in Wales, UK. DESIGN A population-based cohort study. SETTING Data from the Welsh Congenital Anomaly Register and Information Service linked to the Patient Episode Database for Wales and livebirths and deaths from the Office for National Statistics. PATIENTS All livebirths between 1999 and 2015 with a diagnosis of a congenital anomaly, which was defined as a structural, metabolic, endocrine or genetic defect, as well as rare diseases of hereditary origin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted OR (aOR) associated with 1 or 2+ hospital admissions in infancy versus no admissions were estimated for sociodemographic, maternal and infant factors using multinomial logistic regression for the subgroups of all, isolated, multiple and cardiovascular anomalies. RESULTS 25 523 infants affected by congenital anomalies experienced a total of 50 705 admissions in infancy. Risk factors for ≥2 admissions were younger maternal age ≤24 years (aOR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.30), maternal smoking (aOR: 1.20; 1.10 to 1.31), preterm birth (aOR: 2.52; 2.25 to 2.83) and moderately severe congenital heart defects (aOR: 6.25; 4.47 to 8.74). Girls had an overall decreased risk of 2+ admissions (aOR: 0.84; 0.78 to 0.91). Preterm birth was a significant risk factor for admissions in all anomaly subgroups but the effect of the other characteristics varied according to anomaly subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Over two-thirds of infants with an anomaly are admitted to hospital during infancy. Our findings identified sociodemographic and clinical characteristics contributing to an increased risk of hospitalisation of infants with congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Y Ho
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria A Quigley
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit- Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David F Tucker
- Public Health Wales, Public Health Knowledge & Research, Congenital Anomaly Register & Information Service for Wales, Public Health Wales, Swansea, UK
| | - Jennifer J Kurinczuk
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit- Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Pinto NM, Waitzman N, Nelson R, Minich LL, Krikov S, Botto LD. Early Childhood Inpatient Costs of Critical Congenital Heart Disease. J Pediatr 2018; 203:371-379.e7. [PMID: 30268400 PMCID: PMC11104566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess longitudinal estimates of inpatient costs through early childhood in patients with critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs), for whom reliable estimates are scarce, using a population-based cohort of clinically validated CCHD cases. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal retrospective cohort of infants with CCHDs live born from 1997 to 2012 in Utah. Cases identified from birth defect registry data were linked to inpatient discharge abstracts and vital records to track inpatient days and costs through age 10 years. Costs were adjusted for inflation and discounted by 3% per year to generate present value estimates. Multivariable models identified infant and maternal factors potentially associated with higher resource utilization and were used to calculate adjusted costs by defect type. RESULTS The final statewide cohort included 1439 CCHD cases among 803 509 livebirths (1.8/1000). The average cost per affected child through age 10 years was $136 682 with a median of $74 924 because of a small number of extremely high cost children; costs were highest for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Inpatient costs increased by 1.6% per year during the study period. A single birth year cohort (~50 000 births/year) had estimated expenditures of $11 902 899 through age 10 years. Extrapolating to the US population, inpatient costs for a single birth year cohort through age 10 years were ~$1 billion. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient costs for CCHDs throughout childhood are high and rising. These revised estimates will contribute to comparative effectiveness research aimed at improving the value of care on a patient and population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelangi M Pinto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
| | - Norman Waitzman
- Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - L LuAnn Minich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sergey Krikov
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Pfeifauf KD, Patel KB, Snyder-Warwick A, Skolnick GB, Scheve S, Naidoo SD. Survey of North American Multidisciplinary Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Team Clinic Administration. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 56:508-513. [PMID: 29781722 DOI: 10.1177/1055665618776069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide an understanding of the ways cleft palate (CP) and craniofacial teams address billing, administration, communication of clinical recommendations, appointment scheduling, and diagnosis-specific protocols. DESIGN An online clinic administration survey was developed using data from an open-ended telephone questionnaire. The online survey was distributed by e-mail to the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA) nurse coordinator electronic mailing list, used regularly by the ACPA and its members to communicate with teams. The response was 34.1% (42/123). Two incomplete records were excluded, as were any inconsistent responses of 3 teams submitting duplicate records. RESULTS Six (15.8%) of 38 teams do not charge for clinic visits. For all other teams, some or all providers bill individually for services (68.4%) or a single lump sum applies (10.5%). Patients of 34 (89.5%) of 38 teams occasionally or often neglect to schedule or attend follow-up appointments. Twenty-six (66.7%) of 39 team directors were plastic surgeons. Phone is a common method of contacting families for scheduling (60.0%) and appointment reminders (82.5%). Most teams' providers (90.0%) routinely communicate findings to each other during postclinical conference. Most teams saw patients with isolated cleft lip (43.6%), cleft lip and palate (64.1%), or isolated CP (59.0%) annually. CONCLUSIONS The breadth of strategies team clinic administration strategies warrants further exploration of the variations and their effects on patient-centered outcomes including the quality of life, satisfaction, cost, and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Pfeifauf
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kamlesh B Patel
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison Snyder-Warwick
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary B Skolnick
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sibyl Scheve
- 2 Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Institute, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sybill D Naidoo
- 1 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Pinto NM, Nelson R, Botto L, Puchalski MD, Krikov S, Kim J, Waitzman NJ. Costs, mortality, and hospital usage in relation to prenatal diagnosis in d-transposition of the great arteries. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:262-270. [PMID: 28398667 PMCID: PMC5407308 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of prenatal diagnosis of d-transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) on health-care usage is largely unknown. We evaluated a population-based cohort to assess costs, mortality and inpatient encounters by whether dTGA was prenatally diagnosed or not. METHODS The dTGA cases (born 1997-2011) identified at the Utah Birth Defect Network, which includes data on timing of diagnosis, were linked to statewide inpatient discharge data. We excluded preterm cases or cases with additional major heart defects. We evaluated hospitalizations and costs for infants (first year of life) and mothers (10 months before birth) using multivariable models adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors. RESULTS Of 119 cases, 14 (12%) were prenatally diagnosed. Birth weight, surgical complexity and extracardiac defects/syndromes were similar between groups. Of 7 deaths (6%), two occurred pre-intervention in postnatally diagnosed infants. Prenatal diagnosis was associated with more in-hospital days (estimate 13 additional days, p = 0.03) and higher mean costs for mothers ($4,141 vs $12,148) and infants (90,419 vs $49,576). Prenatal diagnosis independently predicted higher adjusted costs for the overall cohort ($22,570, p = 0.045). After excluding deaths, total costs were no longer significantly different. CONCLUSION Mothers of prenatally diagnosed infants with dTGA had higher inpatient costs compared with those postnatally diagnosed. Costs trended higher for their infants, although were not significantly different. Linkage of population-based surveillance systems and outcome databases can be a powerful tool to further explore the complex relationship of prenatal diagnosis to costs and outcomes in other types of congenital heart diseases. Birth Defects Research 109:262-270, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelangi M Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael D Puchalski
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sergey Krikov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Garcia-Quintanilla A, Miranzo-Navarro D. Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease: 33-mer gliadin binding to glutamate receptor GRINA as a new explanation. Bioessays 2016; 38:427-39. [PMID: 26990286 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We propose a biochemical mechanism for celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity that may rationalize many of the extradigestive disorders not explained by the current immunogenetic model. Our hypothesis is based on the homology between the 33-mer gliadin peptide and a component of the NMDA glutamate receptor ion channel - the human GRINA protein - using BLASTP software. Based on this homology the 33-mer may act as a natural antagonist interfering with the normal interactions of GRINA and its partners. The theory is supported by numerous independent data from the literature, and provides a mechanistic link with otherwise unrelated disorders, such as cleft lip and palate, thyroid dysfunction, restless legs syndrome, depression, ataxia, hearing loss, fibromyalgia, dermatitis herpetiformis, schizophrenia, toxoplasmosis, anemia, osteopenia, Fabry disease, Barret's adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma, urinary incontinence, recurrent miscarriage, cardiac anomalies, reduced risk of breast cancer, stiff person syndrome, etc. The hypothesis also anticipates better animal models, and has the potential to open new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domingo Miranzo-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
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Moore CA, McCabe ERB. Editorial utility of population-based birth defects surveillance for monitoring the health of infants and as a foundation for etiologic research. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2015; 103:895-8. [PMID: 26458078 PMCID: PMC4682153 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Moore
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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