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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Ni G, Li S, Balderson B, Zou Q, Liu H, Jiang Y, Sun J, Ding X. Integrating Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Heterogeneity of Early Pig Skin Development and a Subpopulation with Hair Placode Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306703. [PMID: 38561967 PMCID: PMC11132071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The dermis and epidermis, crucial structural layers of the skin, encompass appendages, hair follicles (HFs), and intricate cellular heterogeneity. However, an integrated spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of embryonic skin has not yet been described and would be invaluable for studying skin-related diseases in humans. Here, single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses are performed on skin samples of normal and hairless fetal pigs across four developmental periods. The cross-species comparison of skin cells illustrated that the pig epidermis is more representative of the human epidermis than mice epidermis. Moreover, Phenome-wide association study analysis revealed that the conserved genes between pigs and humans are strongly associated with human skin-related diseases. In the epidermis, two lineage differentiation trajectories describe hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and epidermal development. By comparing normal and hairless fetal pigs, it is found that the hair placode (Pc), the most characteristic initial structure in HFs, arises from progenitor-like OGN+/UCHL1+ cells. These progenitors appear earlier in development than the previously described early Pc cells and exhibit abnormal proliferation and migration during differentiation in hairless pigs. The study provides a valuable resource for in-depth insights into HF development, which may serve as a key reference atlas for studying human skin disease etiology using porcine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingLaboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingLaboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Guiyan Ni
- Division of Genetics and GenomicsInstitute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbane4072Australia
| | - Shujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingLaboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Brad Balderson
- School of Chemistry & Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbane4067Australia
| | - Quan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingLaboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Huatao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingLaboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingLaboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jingchun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceLaboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle DevelopmentCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingLaboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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2
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Goggans KR, Belyaeva OV, Klyuyeva AV, Studdard J, Slay A, Newman RB, VanBuren CA, Everts HB, Kedishvili NY. Epidermal retinol dehydrogenases cyclically regulate stem cell markers and clock genes and influence hair composition. Commun Biol 2024; 7:453. [PMID: 38609439 PMCID: PMC11014975 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a self-renewing adult miniorgan that undergoes drastic metabolic and morphological changes during precisely timed cyclic organogenesis. The HF cycle is known to be regulated by steroid hormones, growth factors and circadian clock genes. Recent data also suggest a role for a vitamin A derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the activating ligand of transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors, in the regulation of the HF cycle. Here we demonstrate that ATRA signaling cycles during HF regeneration and this pattern is disrupted by genetic deletion of epidermal retinol dehydrogenases 2 (RDHE2, SDR16C5) and RDHE2-similar (RDHE2S, SDR16C6) that catalyze the rate-limiting step in ATRA biosynthesis. Deletion of RDHEs results in accelerated anagen to catagen and telogen to anagen transitions, altered HF composition, reduced levels of HF stem cell markers, and dysregulated circadian clock gene expression, suggesting a broad role of RDHEs in coordinating multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacob Studdard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aja Slay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Regina B Newman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christine A VanBuren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Helen B Everts
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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3
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Jonkhout MCM, Vanhessche T, Ferreira M, Verbinnen I, Withof F, Van der Hoeven G, Szekér K, Azhir Z, Lien WH, Van Eynde A, Bollen M. Embryonic NIPP1 Depletion in Keratinocytes Triggers a Cell Cycle Arrest and Premature Senescence in Adult Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00167-2. [PMID: 38431220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
NIPP1 is a ubiquitously expressed regulatory subunit of PP1. Its embryonic deletion in keratinocytes causes chronic sterile skin inflammation, epidermal hyperproliferation, and resistance to mutagens in adult mice. To explore the primary effects of NIPP1 deletion, we first examined hair cycle progression of NIPP1 skin knockouts (SKOs). The entry of the first hair cycle in the SKOs was delayed owing to prolonged quiescence of hair follicle stem cells. In contrast, the entry of the second hair cycle in the SKOs was advanced as a result of precocious activation of hair follicle stem cells. The epidermis of SKOs progressively accumulated senescent cells, and this cell-fate switch was accelerated by DNA damage. Primary keratinocytes from SKO neonates and human NIPP1-depleted HaCaT keratinocytes failed to proliferate and showed an increase in the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p21, p16/Ink4a, and/or p19/Arf) and senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype factors as well as in DNA damage (γH2AX and 53BP1). Our data demonstrate that the primary effect of NIPP1 deletion in keratinocytes is a cell cycle arrest and premature senescence that gradually progresse to chronic senescence and likely contribute to the decreased sensitivity of SKOs to mutagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes C M Jonkhout
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vanhessche
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mónica Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Verbinnen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Withof
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerd Van der Hoeven
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Szekér
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zahra Azhir
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wen-Hui Lien
- de Duve Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aleyde Van Eynde
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Lv X, He M, Zhou H, Wang S, Cao X, Yuan Z, Getachew T, Li Y, Sun W. SP1 and KROX20 Regulate the Proliferation of Dermal Papilla Cells and Target the CUX1 Gene. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:429. [PMID: 38338072 PMCID: PMC10854491 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that CUX1 could contribute to the proliferation of DPCs in vitro, but the upstream transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of CUX1 remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the upstream transcriptional regulators of CUX1 to enhance our comprehension of the mechanism of action of the CUX1 gene in ovine DPCs. Initially, the JASPAR (2024) software was used to predict the upstream target transcription factors for the CUX1 gene. Subsequently, through RT-qPCR and a double luciferase reporter assay, the interaction between SP1, KROX20, and CUX1 was established, respectively. The results indicated that SP1 and KROX20 were two highly reliable upstream transcription regulators for the CUX1 gene. Additionally, we found that SP1 promoted the proliferation of DPCs by overexpressing SP1 in DPCs, and KROX20 inhibited the proliferation of DPCs by overexpressing KROX20 in DPCs. These findings are also consistent with the transcriptional regulation of CUX1 by SP1 and KROX20, respectively. This study suggests that the effect of DPC proliferation in vitro by CUX1 may regulated by the transcription factors SP1 and KROX20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingliang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shanhe Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tesfaye Getachew
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia
| | - Yutao Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Wei Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (Z.Y.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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5
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Mäkelä OJM, Mikkola ML. Mesenchyme governs hair follicle induction. Development 2023; 150:dev202140. [PMID: 37982496 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue interactions are essential for guiding organ development and regeneration. Hair follicle formation relies on inductive signalling between two tissues, the embryonic surface epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme. Although previous research has highlighted the hair-inducing potential of the mesenchymal component of the hair follicle - the dermal papilla and its precursor, the dermal condensate - the source and nature of the primary inductive signal before dermal condensate formation have remained elusive. Here, we performed epithelial-mesenchymal tissue recombination experiments using hair-forming back skin and glabrous plantar skin from mouse embryos to unveil that the back skin mesenchyme is inductive even before dermal condensate formation. Moreover, the naïve, unpatterned mesenchyme was sufficient to trigger hair follicle formation even in the oral epithelium. Building on previous knowledge, we explored the hair-inductive ability of the Wnt agonist R-spondin 1 and a Bmp receptor inhibitor in embryonic skin explants. Although R-spondin 1 instigated precocious placode-specific transcriptional responses, it was insufficient for hair follicle induction, either alone or in combination with Bmp receptor inhibition. Our findings pave the way for identifying the hair follicle-inducing cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto J M Mäkelä
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Abstract
Diseases affecting the hair follicle are common in domestic animals, but despite the importance of an intact skin barrier and a fully functional hair coat, knowledge about the detailed morphological features and the diversity of these complex mini-organs are often limited, although mandatory to evaluate skin biopsies with a history of alopecia. The factors that regulate the innate hair follicle formation and the postnatal hair cycle are still not completely understood in rodents, only rudimentarily known in humans, and are poorly understood in our companion animals. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about hair follicle and hair shaft anatomy, the arrangement of hair follicles, hair follicle morphogenesis in the embryo, and the lifelong regeneration during the postnatal hair cycle in domestic animals. The role of follicular stem cells and the need for a multitude of interacting signaling events during hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration is unquestioned. Because of the lack of state of the art methods that can be applied in rodents but are not feasible in companion animals, most of the information in this review is based on rodent studies. However, the few data from domestic animals that are available will be discussed, and it can be assumed that at least the principal molecular mechanisms are similar in rodents and other species.
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7
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Abstract
Noninflammatory alopecia is common in dogs and is a frequent cause to consult a veterinarian. It is also a common reason to take biopsies. Noninflammatory alopecia can be attributed to a decreased formation or cytodifferentiation of the hair follicle or the hair shaft in utero, resulting in congenital alopecia. Congenital alopecia often has a hereditary cause, and examples of such disorders are ectodermal dysplasias associated with gene variants of the ectodysplasin A gene. Noninflammatory alopecia may also be caused by impaired postnatal regeneration of hair follicles or shafts. Such disorders may have a clear breed predilection, and alopecia starts early in life. A hereditary background is suspected in those cases but has not been proven. They are referred to as follicular dysplasia although some of these disorders present histologically like a hair cycle disturbance. Late-onset alopecia is usually acquired and may be associated with endocrinopathies. Other possible causes are impaired vascular perfusion or stress. As the hair follicle has limited possible responses to altered regulation, and histopathology may change during the course of a disease, a detailed clinical history, thorough clinical examination including blood work, appropriate biopsy site selection, and detailed histological findings need to be combined to achieve a final diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview about the known noninflammatory alopecic disorders in dogs. As the pathogenesis of most disorders is unknown, some statements are based on comparative aspects or reflect the authors' opinion.
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8
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Aman AJ, Saunders LM, Carr AA, Srivatasan S, Eberhard C, Carrington B, Watkins-Chow D, Pavan WJ, Trapnell C, Parichy DM. Transcriptomic profiling of tissue environments critical for post-embryonic patterning and morphogenesis of zebrafish skin. eLife 2023; 12:RP86670. [PMID: 37695017 PMCID: PMC10495112 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment patterns and skin appendages are prominent features of vertebrate skin. In zebrafish, regularly patterned pigment stripes and an array of calcified scales form simultaneously in the skin during post-embryonic development. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate stripe patterning and scale morphogenesis may lead to the discovery of fundamental mechanisms that govern the development of animal form. To learn about cell types and signaling interactions that govern skin patterning and morphogenesis, we generated and analyzed single-cell transcriptomes of skin from wild-type fish as well as fish having genetic or transgenically induced defects in squamation or pigmentation. These data reveal a previously undescribed population of epidermal cells that express transcripts encoding enamel matrix proteins, suggest hormonal control of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling, clarify the signaling network that governs scale papillae development, and identify a critical role for the hypodermis in supporting pigment cell development. Additionally, these comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic data representing skin phenotypes of biomedical relevance should provide a useful resource for accelerating the discovery of mechanisms that govern skin development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Aman
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - August A Carr
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Sanjay Srivatasan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Colten Eberhard
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Blake Carrington
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Dawn Watkins-Chow
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - William J Pavan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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9
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Takeo M, Toyoshima KE, Fujimoto R, Iga T, Takase M, Ogawa M, Tsuji T. Cyclical dermal micro-niche switching governs the morphological infradian rhythm of mouse zigzag hair. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4478. [PMID: 37542032 PMCID: PMC10403492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms are involved in almost all types of biological processes, not only physiological processes but also morphogenesis. Currently, how periodic morphological patterns of tissues/organs in multicellular organisms form is not fully understood. Here, using mouse zigzag hair, which has 3 bends, we found that a change in the combination of hair progenitors and their micro-niche and subsequent bend formation occur every three days. Chimeric loss-of-function and gain-of-function of Ptn and Aff3, which are upregulated immediately before bend formation, resulted in defects in the downward movement of the micro-niche and the rhythm of bend formation in an in vivo hair reconstitution assay. Our study demonstrates the periodic change in the combination between progenitors and micro-niche, which is vital for the unique infradian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeo
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Koh-Ei Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- OrganTech Inc., Tokyo, 104-0028, Japan
| | - Riho Fujimoto
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Iga
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Miki Takase
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Tsuji
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
- OrganTech Inc., Tokyo, 104-0028, Japan.
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10
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Harmon ML, Downey BC, Drwencke AM, Tucker CB. Development and application of a novel approach to scoring ear tag wounds in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00306-5. [PMID: 37268583 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of ear tags in cattle is a common husbandry practice for identification purposes. Although it is known that ear tag application causes damage, little is known about the duration and process of wound healing associated with this procedure. Our objective was to develop a detailed scoring system and use it to quantify wound healing in dairy calves with plastic identification tags. Calves (n = 33) were ear tagged at 2 d of age, and wound photos were taken weekly until 9 to 22 wk of age. This approach generated 10 to 22 observations per calf that were analyzed using a novel wound scoring system. We developed this system to score the presence or absence of external tissue types related to piercing trauma or mechanical irritation along the top of the tag (impressions, crust, and desquamation) and around the piercing (exudate, crust, tissue growth, and desquamation). Ears were scored as "piercing only" when tissue around the ear tag was intact. We found that impressions, crust, tissue growth, and desquamation were still seen in many calves by 12 wk of age. This suggests that extrinsic factors, such as mechanical disturbance and irritation, may have contributed to prolonged wound healing. Indeed, impressions along the top of tag, likely caused by rubbing against the ear, were observed for nearly the full duration of the study. Further research is warranted to understand ways to improve the ear-tagging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Harmon
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Blair C Downey
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616; Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Alycia M Drwencke
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616; Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Cassandra B Tucker
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616.
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11
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Schlosser G. Rebuilding ships while at sea-Character individuality, homology, and evolutionary innovation. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21522. [PMID: 36282954 PMCID: PMC10100095 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
How novel traits originate in evolution is still one of the most perplexing questions in Evolutionary Biology. Building on a previous account of evolutionary innovation, I here propose that evolutionary novelties are those individualized characters that are not homologous to any characters in the ancestor. To clarify this definition, I here provide a detailed analysis of the concepts of "character individuality" and "homology" first, before addressing their role for our understanding of evolutionary innovation. I will argue (1) that functional as well as structural considerations are important for character individualization; and (2) that compositional (structural) and positional homology need to be clearly distinguished to properly describe the evolutionary transformations of hierarchically structured characters. My account will therefore integrate functional and structural perspectives and put forward a new multi-level view of character identity and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schlosser
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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12
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Single-cell chromatin landscapes of mouse skin development. Sci Data 2022; 9:741. [PMID: 36460683 PMCID: PMC9718782 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The coat of mammals is produced by hair follicles, and hair follicle is an important and complex accessory organ of skin. As a complex physiological regulation process, hair follicle morphogenesis is regulated by a series of signal pathway factors, involves the interaction of multiple cell types and begins in the early embryonic stage. However, its transcriptional regulatory mechanism is unclear. We have therefore utilized single-cell ATAC sequencing to obtain the chromatin accessibility landscapes of 6,928, 6,961 and 7,374 high-quality cells from the dorsal skins of E13.5, E16.5 and P0 mice (Mus musculus), respectively. Based on marker gene activity clustering, we defined 6, 8 and 5 distinct cell types in E13.5, E16.5 and P0 stages, respectively. Furtherly, we integrated the fibroblasts and keratinocytes clusters, performed further analysis and re-clustered. The single cell map of the chromatin open area was drawn from each cell type and the mechanism of cell transcription regulation was explored. Collectively, our data provide a reference for deeply exploring the epigenetic regulation mechanism of mouse hair follicles development.
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13
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Chernova OF, Kupriyanov VP, Feoktistova NY, Surov AV. Peculiarities of the Structure of the Skin and Its Derivatives in Some Members of the Subfamily Cricetinae (Cricetidae, Rodentia): Why It Is Important to Know. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022080040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Zimm R, Oberdick D, Gnetneva A, Schneider P, Cebra-Thomas J, Moustakas-Verho JE. Turing's turtles all the way down: A conserved role of EDAR in the carapacial ridge suggests a deep homology of prepatterns across ectodermal appendages. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1201-1213. [PMID: 36239299 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scutes of the turtle shell are epidermal shields that begin their formation during the early stages of shell development. Like other skin appendages, turtle scutes are hypothesized to be patterned by reaction-diffusion systems. We have previously established ex vivo and in silico systems to study these mechanisms experimentally and have further shown that mathematical models can explain the dynamics of the induction of turtle scute primordia and the generation of final scute architecture. Using these foundations, we expand our current knowledge and test the roles of ectodysplasin and activin signaling in the development of turtle scutes. We find that these molecules play important roles in the prepatterning of scute primordia along the carapacial ridge and show that blocking Edar signaling may lead to a complete loss of marginal scute primordia. We show that it is possible to reproduce these observations using simple mathematical modeling, thereby suggesting a stabilizing role for ectodysplasin within the reaction-diffusion mechanisms. Finally, we argue that our findings further entrench turtle scutes within a class of developmental systems composed of hierarchically nested reaction-diffusion mechanisms, which is conserved across ectodermal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zimm
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Danielle Oberdick
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Gnetneva
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Judith Cebra-Thomas
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Topological Distribution of Wound Stiffness Modulates Wound-Induced Hair Follicle Neogenesis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091926. [PMID: 36145674 PMCID: PMC9504897 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the large full-thickness mouse skin regeneration model, wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) occurs in the wound center. This implies a spatial regulation of hair regeneration. The role of mechanotransduction during tissue regeneration is poorly understood. Here, we created wounds with equal area but different shapes to understand if perturbing mechanical forces change the area and quantity of de novo hair regeneration. Atomic force microscopy of wound stiffness demonstrated a stiffness gradient across the wound with the wound center softer than the margin. Reducing mechanotransduction signals using FAK or myosin II inhibitors significantly increased WIHN and, conversely, enhancing these signals with an actin stabilizer reduced WIHN. Here, α-SMA was downregulated in FAK inhibitor-treated wounds and lowered wound stiffness. Wound center epithelial cells exhibited a spherical morphology relative to wound margin cells. Differential gene expression analysis of FAK inhibitor-treated wound RNAseq data showed that cytoskeleton-, integrin-, and matrix-associated genes were downregulated, while hair follicular neogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell signaling genes were upregulated. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that FAK inhibition increased pSTAT3 nuclear staining in the regenerative wound center, implying enhanced signaling for hair follicular neogenesis. These findings suggest that controlling wound stiffness modulates tissue regeneration encompassing epithelial competence, tissue patterning, and regeneration during wound healing.
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16
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Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Hair Follicle Morphogenesis Reveals That lncRNA-H19 Promotes Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation through the Chi-miR-214-3p/β-Catenin Axis in Cashmere Goats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710006. [PMID: 36077403 PMCID: PMC9456307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere is initiated and develops in the fetal stages and the number and density of secondary hair follicles (SHFs) determine cashmere production and quality. Growing evidence indicates that both microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play an indispensable role in hair follicle (HF) growth and development. However, little is known about miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their functions as well as their interactions during cashmere initiation and development. Here, based on lncRNA and miRNA high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we identified 10,485 lncRNAs, 40,639 mRNAs, and 605 miRNAs in cashmere goat skin during HF induction, organogenesis, and cytodifferentiation stages. Among them, 521 lncRNAs, 5976 genes, and 204 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE). KEGG analysis of DE genes indicated that ECM–receptor interaction and biosynthesis of amino acids were crucial for HF development. Notch, TGF-beta, and Wnt signaling pathways were also identified, which are conventional pathways associated with HF growth and development. Then, the ceRNA regulatory network was constructed, and the impact of lncRNA H19 was investigated in dermal papilla (DP) cells. The MTT, CCK-8, and EdU assays showed that the viability and proliferation of DP cells were promoted by H19, and mechanistic studies suggested that H19 performed its function through the chi-miR-214-3p/β-catenin axis. The present study created a resource for lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA studies in cashmere morphogenesis. It could contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of ncRNAs involved in the regulation of HF growth and development.
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17
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Jiang Y, Liu H, Zou Q, Li S, Ding X. miR-29a-5p Inhibits Prenatal Hair Placode Formation Through Targeting EDAR by ceRNA Regulatory Network. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902026. [PMID: 35646897 PMCID: PMC9133881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair placode formation is an important stage of hair follicle morphogenesis and it is a complex process facilitated by non-coding RNAs. In this study, we conducted whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of skin, heart, liver, lung, and kidney tissues of day 41 (E41) normal and hairless pig embryos, and respectively detected 15, 8, and 515 skin-specific differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Furthermore, 18 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. Following weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of stages E39, E41, E45, E52, and E60, between normal and hairless pig embryos, only two ceRNAs (lncRNA2162.1/miR-29a-5p/BMPR1b and lncRNA627.1/miR-29a-5p/EDAR) that showed period-specific differential expression in E41 skin were retained. Dual-luciferase reporter assays further indicated that EDAR was a direct, functioning target of miR-29a-5p and that no binding site was found in BMPR1b. Moreover, miR-29a-5p overexpression inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of EDAR while no significant differential expression of BMPR1b was detected. In addition, over-expressed lncRNA627.1 reduces the expression of miR-29a-5p and increase EDAR expression while inhibits lncRNA627.1 resulted in a opposite expression trend. Cell proliferation result demonstrated that lower expression of EDAR and lncRNA627.1 inhibited hair placode precursor cells (HPPCs) proliferation in a manner similar to that shown by over-expressed miR-29a-5p. This study identified that miR-29a-5p inhibited HPPCs proliferation via the suppression of EDAR expression in the EDA/EDAR signaling pathway, while lncRNA627.1 rescues EDAR expression. Our study provides a basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the ceRNA complex, miR29a-5p/EDAR/lncRNA627.1, that could regulate hair placode formation, which may help decipher diseases affecting human hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Huatao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangdong Ding,
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18
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Sahut-Barnola I, Lefrancois-Martinez AM, Dufour D, Jean-Marie BOTTO, Kamilaris C, Faucz FR, Stratakis CA, Val P, Martinez A. Steroidogenic factor-1 lineage origin of skin lesions in Carney complex syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2949-2957.e9. [PMID: 35568059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carney complex (CNC) is a rare familial multi-neoplastic syndrome predisposing to endocrine and non-endocrine tumors due to inactivating mutations of PRKAR1A leading to perturbations of the cAMP protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Skin lesions are the most common manifestation of CNC, including lentigines, blue nevi and cutaneous myxomas, in unusual locations such as oral and genital mucosa. Unlike endocrine disorders, the pathogenesis of skin lesions remains unexplained. Here, we show that embryonic invalidation of the Prkar1a gene in Steroidogenic Factor-1-expressing cells, leads to the development of familial skin pigmentation alterations reminiscent of those in patients. Immunohistological and molecular analyses coupled with genetic monitoring of recombinant cell lineages in mouse skin, suggest that familial lentiginosis and myxomas occurs in skin areas specifically enriched in dermal melanocytes. In lentigines and blue nevi-prone areas from mutant mice and patients, Prkar1a/PRKAR1A invalidation occurs in a subset of dermal fibroblasts capable of inducing, under the influence of PKA signaling, the production of pro-melanogenic EDN3 and HGF signals. Our model strongly suggests that the origin of the typical CNC cutaneous lesions is the result of non-cell-autonomous pro-melanogenic activity of a dermal fibroblast population sharing a community of origin with SF-1 lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damien Dufour
- iGReD, CNRS, Inserm, Université Clermont-Auvergne, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Val
- iGReD, CNRS, Inserm, Université Clermont-Auvergne, France
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19
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Jiang Y, Zou Q, Liu B, Li S, Wang Y, Liu T, Ding X. Atlas of Prenatal Hair Follicle Morphogenesis Using the Pig as a Model System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:721979. [PMID: 34692680 PMCID: PMC8529045 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.721979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig is an increasingly popular biomedical model, but only a few in depth data exist on its studies in hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and development. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the suitability of the pig as an animal model for human hair research. We performed a classification of pig HF morphogenesis stages and hair types. All four different hair types sampled from 17 different body parts in pig were similar to those of human. The Guard_2 sub-type was more similar to type II human scalp hair while Guard_1, Awl, Auchene, and Zigzag were similar to type I scalp hair. Based on morphological observation and marker gene expression of HF at 11 different embryonic days and six postnatal days, we classified pig HF morphogenesis development from E41 to P45 into three main periods - induction (E37-E41), organogenesis (E41-E85), and cytodifferentiation (>E85). Furthermore, we demonstrated that human and pig share high similarities in HF morphogenesis occurrence time (early/mid gestational) and marker gene expression patterns. Our findings will facilitate the study of human follicle morphogenesis and research on complex hair diseases and offer researchers a suitable model for human hair research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Zou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Ge W, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Li F, Wang S, Liu J, Tan S, Yan Z, Wang L, Shen W, Qu L, Wang X. A Single-cell Transcriptome Atlas of Cashmere Goat Hair Follicle Morphogenesis. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:437-451. [PMID: 34534715 PMCID: PMC8864196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cashmere, also known as soft gold, is produced from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere; therefore, it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development. However, mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored, and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model. In this study, to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction (embryonic day 60; E60), organogenesis (E90), and cytodifferentiation (E120) stages. For the first time, unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Based on lineage inference, a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways. Notably, our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types, which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuelang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shanhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jinwang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Shaojing Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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21
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Geueke A, Mantellato G, Kuester F, Schettina P, Nelles M, Seeger JM, Kashkar H, Niemann C. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein regulates hair follicle stem cell function. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52301. [PMID: 34342114 PMCID: PMC8490995 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the architecture, size and composition of an intact stem cell (SC) compartment is crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration throughout life. In mammalian skin, elevated expression of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein has been reported in hair follicle (HF) bulge SCs (BSCs), but its impact on SC function is unknown. Here, we show that systemic exposure of mice to the Bcl‐2 antagonist ABT‐199/venetoclax leads to the selective loss of suprabasal BSCs (sbBSCs), thereby disrupting cyclic HF regeneration. RNAseq analysis shows that the pro‐apoptotic BH3‐only proteins BIM and Bmf are upregulated in sbBSCs, explaining their addiction to Bcl‐2 and the marked susceptibility to Bcl‐2 antagonism. In line with these observations, conditional knockout of Bcl‐2 in mouse epidermis elevates apoptosis in BSCs. In contrast, ectopic Bcl‐2 expression blocks apoptosis during HF regression, resulting in the accumulation of quiescent SCs and delaying HF growth in mice. Strikingly, Bcl‐2‐induced changes in size and composition of the HF bulge accelerate tumour formation. Our study identifies a niche‐instructive mechanism of Bcl‐2‐regulated apoptosis response that is required for SC homeostasis and tissue regeneration, and may suppress carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Geueke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giada Mantellato
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Kuester
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Schettina
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Nelles
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Michael Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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22
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Saxena N, Mok KW, Rendl M. An updated classification of hair follicle morphogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:332-344. [PMID: 30887615 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) formation in developing embryonic skin requires stepwise signalling between the epithelial epidermis and mesenchymal dermis, and their specialized derivatives, the placode/germ/peg and dermal condensate/papilla, respectively. Classically, distinct stages of HF morphogenesis have been defined, in the mouse model, based on (a) changes in cell morphology and aggregation; (b) expression of few known molecular markers; (c) the extent of follicle downgrowth; and (d) the presence of differentiating cell types. Refined genetic strategies and recent emerging technologies, such as live imaging and transcriptome analyses of isolated cell populations or single cells, have enabled a closer dissection of the signalling requirements at different stages of HF formation, particularly early on. They have also led to the discovery of precursor cells for placode, dermal condensate and future bulge stem cells that, combined with molecular insights into their fate specification and subsequent formation, serve as novel landmarks for early HF morphogenetic events and studies of the signalling networks mediating these processes. In this review, we integrate the emergence of HF precursor cell states and novel molecular markers of fate and formation to update the widely used 20-year-old seminal classification guide of HF morphogenetic stages by Paus et al. We then temporally describe the latest insights into the early cellular and molecular events and signalling requirements for HF morphogenesis in relation to one another in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Saxena
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ka-Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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23
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Li HM, Liu P, Zhang XJ, Li LM, Jiang HY, Yan H, Hou FH, Chen JP. Combined proteomics and transcriptomics reveal the genetic basis underlying the differentiation of skin appendages and immunity in pangolin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14566. [PMID: 32884035 PMCID: PMC7471334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pangolin (Mains javanica) is an interesting endangered mammal with special morphological characteristics. Here, we applied proteomics and transcriptomics to explore the differentiation of pangolin skin appendages at two developmental stages and to compare gene expression profiles between abdomen hair and dorsal scale tissues. We identified 4,311 genes and 91 proteins differentially expressed between scale-type and hair-type tissue, of which 6 genes were shared by the transcriptome and proteome. Differentiation altered the abundance of hundreds of proteins and mRNA in the two types of skin appendages, many of which are involved in keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal cell differentiation, and multicellular organism development based on GO enrichment analysis, and FoxO, MAPK, and p53 signalling pathways based on KEGG enrichment analysis. DEGs in scale-type tissues were also significantly enriched in immune-related terms and pathways compared with that in hair-type tissues. Thus, we propose that pangolins have a normal skin innate immune system. Compared with the abdomen, the back skin of pangolins had more genes involved in the regulation of immune function, which may be an adaptive adjustment for the vulnerability of scaly skin to infection and injury. This investigation provides a scientific basis for the study of development and immunity of pangolin skin, which may be helpful in the protection of wild pangolin in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Lin-Miao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hai-Ying Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang-Hui Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Rescue Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Ping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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24
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Xi L, Carroll T, Matos I, Luo JD, Polak L, Pasolli HA, Jaffrey SR, Fuchs E. m6A RNA methylation impacts fate choices during skin morphogenesis. eLife 2020; 9:e56980. [PMID: 32845239 PMCID: PMC7535931 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine is the most prominent RNA modification in mammals. Here, we study mouse skin embryogenesis to tackle m6A's functions and physiological importance. We first landscape the m6A modifications on skin epithelial progenitor mRNAs. Contrasting with in vivo ribosomal profiling, we unearth a correlation between m6A modification in coding sequences and enhanced translation, particularly of key morphogenetic signaling pathways. Tapping physiological relevance, we show that m6A loss profoundly alters these cues and perturbs cellular fate choices and tissue architecture in all skin lineages. By single-cell transcriptomics and bioinformatics, both signaling and canonical translation pathways show significant downregulation after m6A loss. Interestingly, however, many highly m6A-modified mRNAs are markedly upregulated upon m6A loss, and they encode RNA-methylation, RNA-processing and RNA-metabolism factors. Together, our findings suggest that m6A functions to enhance translation of key morphogenetic regulators, while also destabilizing sentinel mRNAs that are primed to activate rescue pathways when m6A levels drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghe Xi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Irina Matos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lisa Polak
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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25
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Li HM, Yang BZ, Zhang XJ, Jiang HY, Li LM, Ahmad HI, Chen JP. Transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis underlying the development of skin appendages and immunity in hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13920. [PMID: 32811876 PMCID: PMC7435191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of hair features is an evolutionary adaptation resulting from interactions between many organisms and their environment. Elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie the expression of such traits is a topic in evolutionary biology research. Therefore, we assessed the de novo transcriptome of Atelerix albiventris at three developmental stages and compared gene expression profiles between abdomen hair and dorsal spine tissues. We identified 328,576 unigenes in our transcriptome, among which 4,435 were differentially expressed between hair- and spine-type tissues. Dorsal and abdomen skin tissues 5 days after birth were compared and the resulting DEGs were mainly enriched in keratin filament, epithelium cell differentiation, and epidermis development based on GO enrichment analysis, and tight junction, p53, and cell cycle signaling pathways based on KEGG enrichment analysis. MBP8, SFN, Wnt1 and KRT1 gene may involve in the development of hedgehog skin and its appendages. Strikingly, DEGs in hair-type tissues were also significantly enriched in immune-related terms and pathways with hair-type tissues exhibiting more upregulated immune genes than spine-type tissues. Our study provided a list of potential genes involved in skin appendage development and differentiation in A. albiventris, and the candidate genes provided valuable information for further studies of skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bi-Ze Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hai-Ying Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Lin-Miao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jin-Ping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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26
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Mogollón I, Ahtiainen L. Live Tissue Imaging Sheds Light on Cell Level Events During Ectodermal Organ Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:818. [PMID: 32765297 PMCID: PMC7378809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development of ectodermal organs involves a very dynamic range of cellular events and, therefore, requires advanced techniques to visualize them. Ectodermal organogenesis proceeds in well-defined sequential stages mediated by tissue interactions. Different ectodermal organs feature shared morphological characteristics, which are regulated by conserved and reiterative signaling pathways. A wealth of genetic information on the expression patterns and interactions of specific signaling pathways has accumulated over the years. However, the conventional developmental biology methods have mainly relied on two-dimensional tissue histological analyses at fixed time points limiting the possibilities to follow the processes in real time on a single cell resolution. This has complicated the interpretation of cause and effect relationships and mechanisms of the successive events. Whole-mount tissue live imaging approaches are now revealing how reshaping of the epithelial sheet for the initial placodal thickening, budding morphogenesis and beyond, involve coordinated four dimensional changes in cell shapes, well-orchestrated cell movements and specific cell proliferation and apoptosis patterns. It is becoming evident that the interpretation of the reiterative morphogenic signals takes place dynamically at the cellular level. Depending on the context, location, and timing they drive different cell fate choices and cellular interactions regulating a pattern of behaviors that ultimately defines organ shapes and sizes. Here we review how new tissue models, advances in 3D and live tissue imaging techniques have brought new understanding on the cell level behaviors that contribute to the highly dynamic stages of morphogenesis in teeth, hair and related ectodermal organs during development, and in dysplasia contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mogollón
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology/Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Ahtiainen
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology/Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Panicker N, Coutman M, Lawlor-O’Neill C, Kahl RGS, Roselli S, Verrills NM. Ppp2r2a Knockout Mice Reveal That Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit, PP2A-B55α, Is an Essential Regulator of Neuronal and Epidermal Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:358. [PMID: 32582689 PMCID: PMC7290052 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a master regulator of the complex cellular signaling that occurs during all stages of mammalian development. PP2A is composed of a catalytic, a structural, and regulatory subunit, for which there are multiple isoforms. The association of specific regulatory subunits determines substrate specificity and localization of phosphatase activity, however, the precise role of each regulatory subunit in development is not known. Here we report the generation of the first knockout mouse for the Ppp2r2a gene, encoding the PP2A-B55α regulatory subunit, using CRISPR/Cas9. Heterozygous animals developed and grew as normal, however, homozygous knockout mice were not viable. Analysis of embryos at different developmental stages found a normal Mendelian ratio of Ppp2r2a-/- embryos at embryonic day (E) 10.5 (25%), but reduced Ppp2r2a-/- embryos at E14.5 (18%), and further reduced at E18.5 (10%). No live Ppp2r2a-/- pups were observed at birth. Ppp2r2a-/- embryos were significantly smaller than wild-type or heterozygous littermates and displayed a variety of neural defects such as exencephaly, spina bifida, and cranial vault collapse, as well as syndactyly and severe epidermal defects; all processes driven by growth and differentiation of the ectoderm. Ppp2r2a-/- embryos had incomplete epidermal barrier acquisition, associated with thin, poorly differentiated stratified epithelium with weak attachment to the underlying dermis. The basal keratinocytes in Ppp2r2a-/- embryos were highly disorganized, with reduced immunolabeling of integrins and basement membrane proteins, suggesting impaired focal adhesion and hemidesmosome assembly. The spinous and granular layers were thinner in the Ppp2r2a-/- embryos, with aberrant expression of adherens and tight junction associated proteins. The overlying stratum corneum was either absent or incomplete. Thus PP2A-B55α is an essential regulator of epidermal stratification, and is essential for ectodermal development during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Panicker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Melody Coutman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Charley Lawlor-O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G. S. Kahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Séverine Roselli
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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28
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Villani RM, Johnson A, Galbraith JA, Baz B, Handoko HY, Walker GJ, Khosrotehrani K. Murine dorsal hair type is genetically determined by polymorphisms in candidate genes that influence BMP and WNT signalling. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:450-461. [PMID: 32145039 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mouse dorsal coat hair types, guard, awl, auchene and zigzag, develop in three consecutive waves. To date, it is unclear if these hair types are determined genetically through expression of specific factors or can change based on their mesenchymal environment. We undertook a novel approach to this question by studying individual hair type in 67 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse lines and found significant variation in the proportion of each type between strains. Variation in the proportion of zigzag, awl and auchene, but not guard hair, was largely due to germline genetic variation. We utilised this variation to map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 12 that appears to influence a decision point switch controlling the propensity for either second (awl and auchene) or third wave (zigzag) hairs to develop. This locus contains two strong candidates, Sostdc1 and Twist1, each of which carry several ENCODE regulatory variants, specific to the causal allele, that can influence gene expression, are expressed in the developing hair follicle, and have been previously reported to be involved in regulating human and murine hair behaviour, but not hair subtype determination. Both of these genes are likely to play a part in hair type determination via regulation of BMP and/or WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan M Villani
- Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ayaka Johnson
- Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jack A Galbraith
- Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Betoul Baz
- Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Herlina Y Handoko
- QIMRBerghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graeme J Walker
- Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Experimental Dermatology Group, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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29
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Buckmaster CL, Rathmann-Bloch JE, de Lecea L, Schatzberg AF, Lyons DM. Multisensory modulation of body ownership in mice. Neurosci Conscious 2020; 2020:niz019. [PMID: 31988796 PMCID: PMC6977007 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Body ownership is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness that reflects more than the presence of physical body parts. As demonstrated by the rubber hand illusion (RHI), human brains construct body ownership experiences using available multisensory information. Experimental conditions similar to those that induce the RHI in humans have been recently adapted to induce the rubber tail illusion (RTI) in mice. Here, we show that the RTI is enhanced in both sexes of mice by repetitive synchronous stroking comprised of correlated visual and tactile stimulation of real and rubber tails compared to visual-only mimicked stroking conducted without tactile stimulation. The RTI also appears to be enhanced in female but not male mice by slow compared to fast stroking that reflects an interoceptive manipulation associated with affective touch in humans. Sex differences in slow stroking effects are exploratory and require replication in mice. Sex differences have not been reported for the RHI in healthy humans, but women rate slow stroking as more affectively pleasant compared to the ratings of men. Results suggest that the RHI in humans resembles aspects of the RTI in mice. Studies of mice may therefore provide neurobiological insights on evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Buckmaster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Julia E Rathmann-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David M Lyons
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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30
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Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Mei M, Song H, Ma X, Jiang L, Yu Z, Zhang Q, Ding X. A mutation in MAP2 is associated with prenatal hair follicle density. FASEB J 2019; 33:14479-14490. [PMID: 31751154 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901187r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hairlessness is usually a rare trait in pigs; however, in this study, we found hairless (HR) pigs at a relatively high frequency in 1 pig herd. We observed that, the lower hair shaft density of HR pigs could be mainly attributed to the lower hair follicle density, and during the embryonic period, d 39-45 were a critical stage for the formation of the hair follicle. In this regard, d 41 during gestation was a particularly important point. Hair follicle morphogenesis occurring at an early stage of embryo development is similar to humans and mice. Further analyses of association studies based on single-nucleotide polymorphism chip as well as sequence data, mRNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and comparative genomics demonstrated that microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is a key gene responsible for hair follicle density and 1 missense mutation of A-to-G at rs328005415 in MAP2, causing a valine-to-methionine substitution leads to the HR phenotype. Considering the high homology between pigs and humans, our research has some significance for the study of the mechanisms of skin development, hair morphogenesis, and hair loss in humans by showing that the pig may be a more appropriate model in which to study these processes.-Jiang, Y., Jiang, Y., Zhang, H., Mei, M., Song, H., Ma, X., Jiang, L., Yu, Z., Zhang, Q., Ding, X. A mutation in MAP2 is associated with prenatal hair follicle density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengran Mei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailiang Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology-Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology-Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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31
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Drake PM, Jourdeuil K, Franz-Odendaal TA. An overlooked placode: Recharacterizing the papillae in the embryonic eye of reptilia. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:164-172. [PMID: 31665553 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The papillae in the chicken embryonic eye, described as scleral papillae in the well-known Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) staging table, are one of the key anatomical features used to stage reptilian (including bird) embryos from HH30-36. These papillae are epithelial thickenings of the conjunctiva and are situated above the mesenchymal sclera. Here, we present evidence that the conjunctival papillae, which are required for the induction and patterning of the underlying scleral ossicles, require epithelial pre-patterning and have a placodal stage similar to other placode systems. We also suggest modifications to the Hamburger Hamilton staging criteria that incorporate this change in terminology (from "scleral" to "conjunctival" papillae) and provide a more detailed description of this anatomical feature that includes its placode stage. This enables a more complete and accurate description of chick embryo staging. The acknowledgment of a placode phase, which shares molecular and morphological features with other cutaneous placodes, will direct future research into the early inductive events leading to scleral ossicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Drake
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Karyn Jourdeuil
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland
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32
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Lv X, Gao W, Jin C, Wang Y, Chen W, Wang L, Zou S, Sheng S, Chen L, Sun W. Divergently expressed RNA identification and interaction prediction of long non-coding RNA and mRNA involved in Hu sheep hair follicle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7283. [PMID: 31086232 PMCID: PMC6514014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles are the basis of the formation of Hu sheep pattern. This study was to employ whole transcriptome sequencing to screen differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between three wave patterns in lambskin. In this study, three groups of 2-day-old Hu sheep were selected from full-sib individuals that included small, medium, and large waves, and hair follicle tissues were collected from dorsal side of Hu sheep. LncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed by whole transcriptome sequencing technology. 33, 31, and 41 differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected between large and medium, medium and small, and large and small, respectively. 458, 481, and 498 differentially expressed mRNAs were found between large and medium, medium and small, and large and small, respectively, by RNA-seq analysis. qRT-PCR results of 16 randomly selected lncRNAs and mRNAs were similar to the sequencing results. Correlation analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression showed that, several lncRNAs may be enriched for hair follicle such as Wnt, mTOR, Notch signaling pathways. Our results aid in excavation of mRNAs and lncRNAs in hair follicle, and providing a basis for future study on pattern formation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chengyan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shuangxia Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shuixing Sheng
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Bureau of Suzhou City, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Bureau of Suzhou City, Suzhou, 215200, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Joint international research laboratory of agriculture and agri - product safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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33
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Tripurani SK, Wang Y, Fan YX, Rahimi M, Wong L, Lee MH, Starost MF, Rubin JS, Johnson GR. Suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by EGF receptor is required for hair follicle development. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2784-2799. [PMID: 30188763 PMCID: PMC6249831 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice that lack the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) fail to develop a hair coat, but the mechanism responsible for this deficit is not completely understood. Here, we show that EGFR plays a critical role to attenuate wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling during postnatal hair follicle development. Genetic ablation of EGFR in mice resulted in increased mitotic activity in matrix cells, apoptosis in hair follicles, and impaired differentiation of epithelial lineages that form hair. EGFR is activated in wild-type hair follicle stem cells marked with SOX9 or NFATc1 and is essential to restrain proliferation and support stem cell numbers and their quiescence. We observed elevated levels of Wnt4, 6, 7b, 10a, 10b, and 16 transcripts and hyperactivation of the β-catenin pathway in EGFR knockout follicles. Using primary keratinocytes, we linked ligand-induced EGFR activation to suppression of nascent mRNA synthesis of Wnt genes. Overexpression of the Wnt antagonist sFRP1 in mice lacking EGFR demonstrated that elevated Wnts are a major cause for the hair follicle defects. Colocalization of transforming growth factor α and Wnts regulated by EGFR in stem cells and progeny indicates that EGFR autocrine loops control Wnts. Our findings define a novel mechanism that integrates EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to coordinate the delicate balance between proliferation and differentiation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamy K Tripurani
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Ying-Xin Fan
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Massod Rahimi
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Lily Wong
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Min-Hyung Lee
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey S Rubin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gibbes R Johnson
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
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34
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Gonçalves GL, Maestri R, Moreira GRP, Jacobi MAM, Freitas TRO, Hoekstra HE. Divergent genetic mechanism leads to spiny hair in rodents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202219. [PMID: 30118524 PMCID: PMC6097693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spines, or modified hairs, have evolved multiple times in mammals, particularly in rodents. In this study, we investigated the evolution of spines in six rodent families. We first measured and compared the morphology and physical properties of hairs between paired spiny and non-spiny sister lineages. We found two distinct hair morphologies had evolved repeatedly in spiny rodents: hairs with a grooved cross-section and a second near cylindrical form. Compared to the ancestral elliptical-shaped hairs, spiny hairs had higher tension and stiffness, and overall, hairs with similar morphology had similar functional properties. To examine the genetic basis of this convergent evolution, we tested whether a single amino acid change (V370A) in the Ectodysplasin A receptor (Edar) gene is associated with spiny hair, as this substitution causes thicker and straighter hair in East Asian human populations. We found that most mammals have the common amino acid valine at position 370, but two species, the kangaroo rat (non-spiny) and spiny pocket mouse (spiny), have an isoleucine. Importantly, none of the variants we identified are associated with differences in rodent hair morphology. Thus, the specific Edar mutation associated with variation in human hair does not seem to play a role in modifying hairs in wild rodents, suggesting that different mutations in Edar and/or other genes are responsible for variation in the spiny hair phenotypes we observed within rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislene L. Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Renan Maestri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson R. P. Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marly A. M. Jacobi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thales R. O. Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hopi E. Hoekstra
- Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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Balmer P, Fellay AK, Sayar BS, Hariton WVJ, Wiener DJ, Galichet A, Müller EJ, Roosje PJ. FAM83G/Fam83g genetic variants affect canine and murine hair formation. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:350-354. [PMID: 29963719 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
FAM83G/Fam83g genetic variants have been described in dogs, mice and recently also in humans. They are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma and altered hair or coat phenotype, reported as wooly phenotype in mice. FAM83G/Fam83g is an unexplored effector of temporally and spatially coordinated Wnt and BMP signalling which are key pathways in pre- and postnatal hair follicle morphogenesis and differentiation. The aim of this study was to unravel phenotypic consequences of FAM83G/Fam83g variants on hair coat formation in dogs and mice. Our results show differences in hair types and hair shaft structures in both species. Additionally, mice exhibit deregulated hair cycle progression which timely correlates with defective Wnt signalling (Axin2) and Bmp2/4 expression. These results affirm the involvement of FAM83G in hair morphogenesis, hair follicle differentiation and cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Balmer
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Auxanne K Fellay
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beyza S Sayar
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William V J Hariton
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Galichet
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Clinic for Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Clinic for Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra J Roosje
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Counter-rotational cell flows drive morphological and cell fate asymmetries in mammalian hair follicles. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:541-552. [PMID: 29662173 PMCID: PMC6065250 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis is a complex process coordinated by cell specification, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and tissue polarity. A striking example is the pattern of regularly spaced, globally aligned mammalian hair follicles, which emerges through epidermal-dermal signaling and planar polarized morphogenesis. Here, using live-imaging, we discover that developing hair follicles polarize through dramatic cell rearrangements organized in a counter-rotational pattern of cell flows. Upon hair placode induction, Shh signaling specifies a radial pattern of progenitor fates that, together with planar cell polarity, induce counter-rotational rearrangements through myosin and ROCK-dependent polarized neighbour exchanges. Importantly, these cell rearrangements also establish cell fate asymmetry by repositioning radial progenitors along the anterior-posterior axis. These movements concurrently displace associated mesenchymal cells, which then signal asymmetrically to maintain polarized cell fates. Our results demonstrate how spatial patterning and tissue polarity generate an unexpected collective cell behaviour that in turn, establishes both morphological and cell fate asymmetry.
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Villani R, Hodgson S, Legrand J, Greaney J, Wong HY, Pichol-Thievend C, Adolphe C, Wainwight B, Francois M, Khosrotehrani K. Dominant-negative Sox18 function inhibits dermal papilla maturation and differentiation in all murine hair types. Development 2017; 144:1887-1895. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.143917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SOX family proteins SOX2 and SOX18 have been reported as being essential in determining hair follicle type; however, the role they play during development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Sox18 regulates the normal differentiation of the dermal papilla of all hair types. In guard (primary) hair dermal condensate (DC) cells, we identified transient Sox18 in addition to SOX2 expression at E14.5, which allowed fate tracing of primary DC cells until birth. Similarly, expression of Sox18 was detected in the DC cells of secondary hairs at E16.5 and in tertiary hair at E18.5. Dominant-negative Sox18 mutation (opposum) did not prevent DC formation in any hair type. However, it affected dermal papilla differentiation, restricting hair formation especially in secondary and tertiary hairs. This Sox18 mutation also prevented neonatal dermal cells or dermal papilla spheres from inducing hair in regeneration assays. Microarray expression studies identified WNT5A and TNC as potential downstream effectors of SOX18 that are important for epidermal WNT signalling. In conclusion, SOX18 acts as a mesenchymal molecular switch necessary for the formation and function of the dermal papilla in all hair types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Villani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha Hodgson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julien Legrand
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Greaney
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cathy Pichol-Thievend
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christelle Adolphe
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brandon Wainwight
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
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Jourdeuil K, Franz-Odendaal TA. A wide temporal window for conjunctival papillae development ensures the formation of a complete sclerotic ring. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:381-391. [PMID: 28152584 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conjunctival papillae are epithelial thickenings of the conjunctiva that are required for the induction of underlying bones (the scleral ossicles). These transient papillae develop and become inductively active over an extended temporal period (HH 30-36, 6.5-10 dpf). While their inductive capacity was discovered in the mid-1900s, little is known about their development. RESULTS Through a series of timed surgical ablations followed by in situ hybridization for Bmp2, we show that the ring of conjunctival papillae is not altered if the conjunctival epithelium is ablated either prior to or shortly after papillae induction (i.e., HH 29-30, 6.5-7 dpf). A conjunctival papilla ablated at or prior to HH 34 (8 dpf), when the complete ring is present, regenerates and quickly becomes inductively active, inducing an underlying scleral condensation with only a slight delay. This regenerative capacity extends until HH 35.5, a full 36 hours beyond the normal timeline of papillae induction. As such, the period of epithelial competency for papilla induction is longer than previously identified. CONCLUSIONS Papilla regeneration is a mechanism that ensures the formation of a complete sclerotic ring and provides another level of redundancy for the induction of a complete sclerotic ring during the normal inductive period. Developmental Dynamics 246:381-391, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Jourdeuil
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tamara Anne Franz-Odendaal
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Jourdeuil K, Franz-Odendaal TA. Gene expression analysis during the induction and patterning of the conjunctival papillae in the chick embryonic eye. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 22:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Xiao Y, Thoresen DT, Miao L, Williams JS, Wang C, Atit RP, Wong SY, Brownell I. A Cascade of Wnt, Eda, and Shh Signaling Is Essential for Touch Dome Merkel Cell Development. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006150. [PMID: 27414798 PMCID: PMC4944988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway regulates developmental, homeostatic, and repair processes throughout the body. In the skin, touch domes develop in tandem with primary hair follicles and contain sensory Merkel cells. The developmental signaling requirements for touch dome specification are largely unknown. We found dermal Wnt signaling and subsequent epidermal Eda/Edar signaling promoted Merkel cell morphogenesis by inducing Shh expression in early follicles. Lineage-specific gene deletions revealed intraepithelial Shh signaling was necessary for Merkel cell specification. Additionally, a Shh signaling agonist was sufficient to rescue Merkel cell differentiation in Edar-deficient skin. Moreover, Merkel cells formed in Fgf20 mutant skin where primary hair formation was defective but Shh production was preserved. Although developmentally associated with hair follicles, fate mapping demonstrated Merkel cells primarily originated outside the hair follicle lineage. These findings suggest that touch dome development requires Wnt-dependent mesenchymal signals to establish reciprocal signaling within the developing ectoderm, including Eda signaling to primary hair placodes and ultimately Shh signaling from primary follicles to extrafollicular Merkel cell progenitors. Shh signaling often demonstrates pleiotropic effects within a structure over time. In postnatal skin, Shh is known to regulate the self-renewal, but not the differentiation, of touch dome stem cells. Our findings relate the varied effects of Shh in the touch dome to the ligand source, with locally produced Shh acting as a morphogen essential for lineage specification during development and neural Shh regulating postnatal touch dome stem cell maintenance. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is one of a limited set of signaling molecules that cells use to drive organ formation during development and tissue regeneration after birth. How Shh signaling achieves different biological effects in the same tissue is incompletely understood. Touch domes are unique sensory structures in the skin that contain innervated Merkel cells. Using mouse genetics, we show that touch domes develop in tandem with, but distinct from, primary hair follicles. Moreover, touch dome specification requires a cascade of cell-cell signaling that ends with Shh signaling from an adjacent primary hair follicle. It was previously shown that Shh signaling from sensory nerves regulates the maintenance of touch dome stem cells after birth. Thus, the critical role for Shh signaling in embryonic touch dome specification is dependent on locally produced Shh, whereas the renewal of touch dome stem cells requires Shh transported to the skin by sensory neurons. These observations suggest that the distinct functions of Shh in touch dome development and maintenance correspond to changes in the source of the Shh signal required for the varied effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Thoresen
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lingling Miao
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Williams
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Radhika P. Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Petit V, Larue L. Any route for melanoblasts to colonize the skin! Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:669-73. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; PSL Research University; Orsay France
- CNRS UMR 3347; University of Paris-Sud; University of Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; PSL Research University; Orsay France
- CNRS UMR 3347; University of Paris-Sud; University of Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
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42
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Haughton CL, Gawriluk TR, Seifert AW. The Biology and Husbandry of the African Spiny Mouse (Acomys cahirinus) and the Research Uses of a Laboratory Colony. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2016; 55:9-17. [PMID: 26817973 PMCID: PMC4747004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
African spiny mice (Acomys spp.) are unique precocial rodents that are found in Africa, the Middle East, and southern Asia. They exhibit several interesting life-history characteristics, including precocial development, communal breeding, and a suite of physiologic adaptations to desert life. In addition to these characteristics, African spiny mice are emerging as an important animal model for tissue regeneration research. Furthermore, their important phylogenetic position among murid rodents makes them an interesting model for evolution and development studies. Here we outline the necessary components for maintaining a successful captive breeding colony, including laboratory housing, husbandry, and health monitoring aspects. We also review past and present studies focused on spiny mouse behavior, reproduction, and disease. Last, we briefly summarize various current biomedical research directions using captive-bred spiny mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Haughton
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky;,
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43
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44
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Niemann C, Schneider MR. Hair type-specific function of canonical Wnt activity in adult mouse skin. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:881-3. [PMID: 25039641 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a key regulator of hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and life-long HF regeneration. In a recently published issue of Experimental Dermatology, Lei et al. report that sustained WNT10B supply and pathway activation in regenerating mouse HF increased the width of hair bulbs, hair shafts and the dermal papilla (DP), and enlarged the CD34(+) HF bulge cell compartment. Notably, WNT10B affected primarily zigzag HFs, while size and morphology of other HF types remained largely unaffected. Thus, these findings raise a number of questions regarding a HF type-specific function of Wnt/β-catenin and on the role of the WNT-stimulated DP in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherin Niemann
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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45
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Hair follicle morphogenesis and epidermal homeostasis in we/we wal/wal mice with postnatal alopecia. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:481-96. [PMID: 25366125 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mice with skin and hair follicle (HF) defects are common models of human skin disorders. A mutant strain with the we/we wal/wal genotype develops alopecia. We found the hair shaft structure in the pelage of mutant mice to have significant defects. Although these mice lose their hair at 21 days, a label-retaining cell population persists in HFs until at least day 54. Depilation-induced anagen was accomplished in we/we wal/wal mutants but the resulting hair shafts were short and extremely deformed. Serious abnormalities in epidermis stratification and HF morphogenesis exist in we/we wal/wal homozygous E18.5 embryos. There were significantly fewer HF primordia in this mutant compared with wild type. We discovered specific structures, identified as invalid placodes, positive for ectodysplasin A1 receptor, nuclear β-catenin, and LEF1, which failed to invaginate, produced a double basal-like layer of epidermal cells, and lacked cylindrical keratinocytes. Specification of dermal papillae (DP) was impaired, and the papillary dermis expressed alkaline phosphatase and LEF1. We also detected DP-like groups of intensively stained cells in the absence of visible signs of folliculogenesis in the epidermis. We showed differentiation disturbances in the mutant embryonic E18.5 epidermis and HFs: The cornified layer was absent, the width of the spinous layer was reduced, and HFs lacked LEF1-positive precortex cells. In this study, we used a very interesting and useful mouse model of alopecia. The presence of symptoms of skin disorders in we/we wal/wal murine embryos correlates with the postnatal skin phenotype. This correlation may help to evaluate reasons of alopecia.
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46
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A guide for building biological pathways along with two case studies: hair and breast development. Methods 2014; 74:16-35. [PMID: 25449898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic information is being underlined in the format of biological pathways. Building these biological pathways is an ongoing demand and benefits from methods for extracting information from biomedical literature with the aid of text-mining tools. Here we hopefully guide you in the attempt of building a customized pathway or chart representation of a system. Our manual is based on a group of software designed to look at biointeractions in a set of abstracts retrieved from PubMed. However, they aim to support the work of someone with biological background, who does not need to be an expert on the subject and will play the role of manual curator while designing the representation of the system, the pathway. We therefore illustrate with two challenging case studies: hair and breast development. They were chosen for focusing on recent acquisitions of human evolution. We produced sub-pathways for each study, representing different phases of development. Differently from most charts present in current databases, we present detailed descriptions, which will additionally guide PESCADOR users along the process. The implementation as a web interface makes PESCADOR a unique tool for guiding the user along the biointeractions, which will constitute a novel pathway.
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47
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Early stages of we/we wal/wal mouse hair morphogenesis: light and fluorescent microscopy of the whole-mount epidermis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:856978. [PMID: 24991569 PMCID: PMC4065771 DOI: 10.1155/2014/856978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In adult skin, hair follicles cyclically self-renew in a manner that recapitulates embryonic hair follicle morphogenesis. The most common pathology of hair in adults is alopecia, which is hair loss to different extent. There are a number of murine models of alopecia including spontaneous mutations. In the present study, we worked with double homozygous we/we wal/wal mice which demonstrate symptoms closely resembling human alopecia. Using whole-mount preparations of epidermis of E18.5 embryos we show that hair follicle defects can be revealed as early as during embryonic morphogenesis in these mutants. The number of hair follicles was reduced almost 1.5-fold in mutant skin. The shape of the early stage small follicles was altered in mutant animals as compared to control ones. Additionally, follicles of mutant embryos were wider at the point of conjunction with interfollicular epidermis. We believe that the mutant mice studied represent a fascinating model to address the problem of hair loss. We demonstrated alterations in the morphogenesis of embryonic hair follicle in we/we wal/wal double homozygous mice developing alopecia postnatally. We suppose that incorrect morphogenesis of hair follicles during embryogenesis is closely related to alopecia in the adult life. Unveiling the mechanisms involved in altered embryogenesis may elucidate the pathogenesis of alopecia.
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48
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Higgins CA. Interrogating the integument: the role of the epidermis in hair induction. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:714-5. [PMID: 24909914 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle development is driven by interactions between the epithelium and underlying mesenchyme. These reciprocal interactions are essential for development, as a lack of response from either the mesenchyme or epithelium results in arrested growth. A large body of research has focused on the role of mesenchymal cells during hair follicle development and their inductive properties for hair neogenesis. In this commentary, the role of the epidermis during hair follicle induction will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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49
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Koch PJ, Dinella J, Fete M, Siegfried EC, Koster MI. Modeling AEC-New approaches to study rare genetic disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2443-54. [PMID: 24665072 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a rare monogenetic disorder that is characterized by severe abnormalities in ectoderm-derived tissues, such as skin and its appendages. A major cause of morbidity among affected infants is severe and chronic skin erosions. Currently, supportive care is the only available treatment option for AEC patients. Mutations in TP63, a gene that encodes key regulators of epidermal development, are the genetic cause of AEC. However, it is currently not clear how mutations in TP63 lead to the various defects seen in the patients' skin. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge of the AEC disease mechanism obtained by studying patient tissue and genetically engineered mouse models designed to mimic aspects of the disorder. We will then focus on new approaches to model AEC, including the use of patient cells and stem cell technology to replicate the disease in a human tissue culture model. The latter approach will advance our understanding of the disease and will allow for the development of new in vitro systems to identify drugs for the treatment of skin erosions in AEC patients. Further, the use of stem cell technology, in particular induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), will enable researchers to develop new therapeutic approaches to treat the disease using the patient's own cells (autologous keratinocyte transplantation) after correction of the disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Koch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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50
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Rudkouskaya A, Welch I, Dagnino L. ILK modulates epithelial polarity and matrix formation in hair follicles. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:620-32. [PMID: 24371086 PMCID: PMC3937088 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase–deficient hair follicles fail to develop apical–basal polarity and show impaired specification of the hair matrix cell lineage. Exogenous laminin-511 restores matrix cell formation. Hair follicle morphogenesis requires coordination of multiple signals and communication between its epithelial and mesenchymal constituents. Cell adhesion protein platforms, which include integrins and integrin-linked kinase (ILK), are critical for hair follicle formation. However, their precise contribution to this process is poorly understood. We show that in the absence of ILK, the hair follicle matrix lineage fails to develop, likely due to abnormalities in development of apical–basal cell polarity, as well as in laminin-511 and basement membrane assembly at the tip of the hair bud. These defects also result in impaired specification of hair matrix and absence of precortex and inner sheath root cell lineages. The molecular pathways affected in ILK-deficient follicles are similar to those in the absence of epidermal integrin β1 and include Wnt, but not sonic hedgehog, signaling. ILK-deficient hair buds also show abnormalities in the dermal papilla. Addition of exogenous laminin-511 restores morphological and molecular markers associated with hair matrix formation, indicating that ILK regulates hair bud cell polarity and functions upstream from laminin-511 assembly to regulate the developmental progression of hair follicles beyond the germ stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Rudkouskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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