1
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Shen J, Ye D, Jin H, Wu Y, Peng L, Liang Y. Porcine nasal septum cartilage-derived decellularized matrix promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells without exogenous growth factors. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5513-5524. [PMID: 38745541 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb03077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the domain of plastic surgery, nasal cartilage regeneration is of significant importance. The extracellular matrix (ECM) from porcine nasal septum cartilage has shown potential for promoting human cartilage regeneration. Nonetheless, the specific biological inductive factors and their pathways in cartilage tissue engineering remain undefined. METHODS The decellularized matrix derived from porcine nasal septum cartilage (PN-DCM) was prepared using a grinding method. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) were cultured on these PN-DCM scaffolds for 4 weeks without exogenous growth factors to evaluate their chondroinductive potential. Subsequently, proteomic analysis was employed to identify potential biological inductive factors within the PN-DCM scaffolds. RESULTS Compared to the TGF-β3-cultured pellet model serving as a positive control, the PN-DCM scaffolds promoted significant deposition of a Safranin-O positive matrix and Type II collagen by HuMSCs. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of ACAN, COL2A1, and SOX9. Proteomic analysis identified potential chondroinductive factors in the PN-DCM scaffolds, including CYTL1, CTGF, MGP, ITGB1, BMP7, and GDF5, which influence HuMSC differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings have demonstrated that the PN-DCM scaffolds promoted HuMSC differentiation towards a nasal chondrocyte phenotype without the supplementation of exogenous growth factors. This outcome is associated with the chondroinductive factors present within the PN-DCM scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Shen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, P. R. China.
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P. R. China.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Taizhou Enze Medical Center, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Danyan Ye
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yongxuan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P. R. China.
| | - Lihong Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, P. R. China.
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2
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Chen M, Jiang Z, Zou X, You X, Cai Z, Huang J. Advancements in tissue engineering for articular cartilage regeneration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25400. [PMID: 38352769 PMCID: PMC10862692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury is a prevalent clinical condition resulting from trauma, tumors, infection, osteoarthritis, and other factors. The intrinsic lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels within cartilage tissue severely limits its self-regenerative capacity after injury. Current treatment options, such as conservative drug therapy and joint replacement, have inherent limitations. Achieving perfect regeneration and repair of articular cartilage remains an ongoing challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering has emerged as a key focus in articular cartilage injury research, aiming to utilize cultured and expanded tissue cells combined with suitable scaffold materials to create viable, functional tissues. This review article encompasses the latest advancements in seed cells, scaffolds, and cytokines. Additionally, the role of stimulatory factors including cytokines and growth factors, genetic engineering techniques, biophysical stimulation, and bioreactor systems, as well as the role of scaffolding materials including natural scaffolds, synthetic scaffolds, and nanostructured scaffolds in the regeneration of cartilage tissues are discussed. Finally, we also outline the signaling pathways involved in cartilage regeneration. Our review provides valuable insights for scholars to address the complex problem of cartilage regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo You
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Sargenti A, Pasqua S, Leu M, Dionisi L, Filardo G, Grigolo B, Gazzola D, Santi S, Cavallo C. Adipose Stromal Cell Spheroids for Cartilage Repair: A Promising Tool for Unveiling the Critical Maturation Point. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1182. [PMID: 37892912 PMCID: PMC10603958 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage lacks intrinsic regenerative capabilities, and the current treatments fail to regenerate damaged tissue and lead only to temporary pain relief. These limitations have prompted the development of tissue engineering approaches, including 3D culture systems. Thanks to their regenerative properties and capacity to recapitulate embryonic processes, spheroids obtained from mesenchymal stromal cells are increasingly studied as building blocks to obtain functional tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of adipose stromal cells to assemble in spheroids and differentiate toward chondrogenic lineage from the perspective of cartilage repair. Spheroids were generated by two different methods (3D chips vs. Ultra-Low Attachment plates), differentiated towards chondrogenic lineage, and their properties were investigated using molecular biology analyses, biophysical measurement of mass density, weight, and size of spheroids, and confocal imaging. Overall, spheroids showed the ability to differentiate by expressing specific cartilaginous markers that correlate with their mass density, defining a critical point at which they start to mature. Considering the spheroid generation method, this pilot study suggested that spheroids obtained with chips are a promising tool for the generation of cartilage organoids that could be used for preclinical/clinical approaches, including personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Sargenti
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Simone Pasqua
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Marco Leu
- abc biopply ag, 4500 Solothurn, Switzerland;
| | - Laura Dionisi
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daniele Gazzola
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, CNR, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Cavallo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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4
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Lin MH, Linares I, Ramirez C, Ramirez YC, Sarkar D. Mechanomorphological Guidance of Colloidal Gel Regulates Cell Morphogenesis. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300122. [PMID: 37143285 PMCID: PMC10524704 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microstructural morphology of the extracellular matrix guides the organization of cells in 3D. However, current biomaterials-based matrices cannot provide distinct spatial cues through their microstructural morphology due to design constraints. To address this, colloidal gels are developed as 3D matrices with distinct microstructure by aggregating ionic polyurethane colloids via electrostatic screening. Due to the defined orientation of interconnected particles, positively charged colloids form extended strands resulting in a dense microstructure whereas negatively charged colloids form compact aggregates with localized large voids. Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial morphogenesis of human endothelial cells (ECs) are examined in these colloidal gels. MSCs show enhanced chondrogenic response in dense colloidal gel due to their spatial organization achieved by balancing the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions compared to porous gels where cells are mainly clustered. ECs tend to form relatively elongated cellular networks in dense colloidal gel compared to porous gels. Additionally, the role of matrix stiffness and viscoelasticity in the morphogenesis of MSCs and ECs are analyzed with respect to microstructural morphology. Overall, these results demonstrate that colloidal gels can provide spatial cues through their microstructural morphology and in correlation with matrix mechanics for cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Isabelle Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Cesar Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yanni Correa Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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5
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Huang D, Li Y, Ma Z, Lin H, Zhu X, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Collagen hydrogel viscoelasticity regulates MSC chondrogenesis in a ROCK-dependent manner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9497. [PMID: 36763657 PMCID: PMC9916999 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) culture involves dynamic changes in cytoskeleton architecture during mesenchymal condensation before morphogenesis. However, the mechanism linking dynamic mechanical properties of matrix to cytoskeletal changes during chondrogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated how viscoelasticity, a time-dependent mechanical property of collagen hydrogel, coordinates MSC cytoskeleton changes at different stages of chondrogenesis. The viscoelasticity of collagen hydrogel was modulated by controlling the gelling process without chemical cross-linking. In slower-relaxing hydrogels, although a disordered cortical actin promoted early chondrogenic differentiation, persistent myosin hyperactivation resulted in Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent apoptosis. Meanwhile, faster-relaxing hydrogels promoted cell-matrix interactions and eventually facilitated long-term chondrogenesis with mitigated myosin hyperactivation and cell apoptosis, similar to the effect of ROCK inhibitors. The current work not only reveals how matrix viscoelasticity coordinates MSC chondrogenesis and survival in a ROCK-dependent manner but also highlights viscoelasticity as a design parameter for biomaterials for chondrogenic 3D culture.
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6
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Chen T, Cao F, Peng W, Wei R, Xu Q, Feng B, Wang J, Weng J, Wang M, Zhang X. Optimal regeneration and repair of critical size articular cartilage driven by endogenous CLECSF1. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Potential Methods of Targeting Cellular Aging Hallmarks to Reverse Osteoarthritic Phenotype of Chondrocytes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070996. [PMID: 36101377 PMCID: PMC9312132 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, physical disability, and life quality impairment. The pathophysiology of OA remains largely unclear, and currently no FDA-approved disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) are available. As has been acknowledged, aging is the primary independent risk factor for OA, but the mechanisms underlying such a connection are not fully understood. In this review, we first revisit the changes in OA chondrocytes from the perspective of cellular hallmarks of aging. It is concluded that OA chondrocytes share many alterations similar to cellular aging. Next, based on the findings from studies on other cell types and diseases, we propose methods that can potentially reverse osteoarthritic phenotype of chondrocytes back to a healthier state. Lastly, current challenges and future perspectives are summarized.
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8
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Watson-Levings RS, Palmer GD, Levings PP, Dacanay EA, Evans CH, Ghivizzani SC. Gene Therapy in Orthopaedics: Progress and Challenges in Pre-Clinical Development and Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:901317. [PMID: 35837555 PMCID: PMC9274665 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In orthopaedics, gene-based treatment approaches are being investigated for an array of common -yet medically challenging- pathologic conditions of the skeletal connective tissues and structures (bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, joints, intervertebral discs etc.). As the skeletal system protects the vital organs and provides weight-bearing structural support, the various tissues are principally composed of dense extracellular matrix (ECM), often with minimal cellularity and vasculature. Due to their functional roles, composition, and distribution throughout the body the skeletal tissues are prone to traumatic injury, and/or structural failure from chronic inflammation and matrix degradation. Due to a mixture of environment and endogenous factors repair processes are often slow and fail to restore the native quality of the ECM and its function. In other cases, large-scale lesions from severe trauma or tumor surgery, exceed the body’s healing and regenerative capacity. Although a wide range of exogenous gene products (proteins and RNAs) have the potential to enhance tissue repair/regeneration and inhibit degenerative disease their clinical use is hindered by the absence of practical methods for safe, effective delivery. Cumulatively, a large body of evidence demonstrates the capacity to transfer coding sequences for biologic agents to cells in the skeletal tissues to achieve prolonged delivery at functional levels to augment local repair or inhibit pathologic processes. With an eye toward clinical translation, we discuss the research progress in the primary injury and disease targets in orthopaedic gene therapy. Technical considerations important to the exploration and pre-clinical development are presented, with an emphasis on vector technologies and delivery strategies whose capacity to generate and sustain functional transgene expression in vivo is well-established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael S. Watson-Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glyn D. Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Padraic P. Levings
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - E. Anthony Dacanay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher H. Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Steven C. Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven C. Ghivizzani,
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9
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Dinesh NEH, Campeau PM, Reinhardt DP. Fibronectin isoforms in skeletal development and associated disorders. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C536-C549. [PMID: 35759430 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00226.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an intricate and essential network of proteins and non-proteinaceous components that provide a conducive microenvironment for cells to regulate cell function, differentiation, and survival. Fibronectin is one key component in the extracellular matrix that participates in determining cell fate and function crucial for normal vertebrate development. Fibronectin undergoes time dependent expression patterns during stem cell differentiation, providing a unique stem cell niche. Mutations in fibronectin have been recently identified to cause a rare form of skeletal dysplasia with scoliosis and abnormal growth plates. Even though fibronectin has been extensively analyzed in developmental processes, the functional role and importance of this protein and its various isoforms in skeletal development remains less understood. This review attempts to provide a concise and critical overview of the role of fibronectin isoforms in cartilage and bone physiology and associated pathologies. This will facilitate a better understanding of the possible mechanisms through which fibronectin exerts its regulatory role on cellular differentiation during skeletal development. The review discusses the consequences of mutations in fibronectin leading to corner fracture type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and presents a new outlook towards matrix-mediated molecular pathways in relation to therapeutic and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha E H Dinesh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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10
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Casanellas I, Lagunas A, Vida Y, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Rodríguez-Pereira C, Magalhaes J, Andrades JA, Becerra J, Samitier J. Nanoscale ligand density modulates gap junction intercellular communication of cell condensates during chondrogenesis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:775-791. [PMID: 35642556 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To unveil the influence of cell-matrix adhesions in the establishment of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) during cell condensation in chondrogenesis. Materials & methods: Previously developed nanopatterns of the cell adhesive ligand arginine-glycine-aspartic acid were used as cell culture substrates to control cell adhesion at the nanoscale. In vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells was conducted on the nanopatterns. Cohesion and GJIC were evaluated in cell condensates. Results: Mechanical stability and GJIC are enhanced by a nanopattern configuration in which 90% of the surface area presents adhesion sites separated less than 70 nm, thus providing an onset for cell signaling. Conclusion: Cell-matrix adhesions regulate GJIC of mesenchymal cell condensates during in vitro chondrogenesis from a threshold configuration at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Casanellas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Department of Electronics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB). c/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pereira
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC). c/Xubias de Arriba, 84, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC). c/Xubias de Arriba, 84, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - José A Andrades
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics & Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). Av. Cervantes, 2, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - José Becerra
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics & Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). Av. Cervantes, 2, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Department of Electronics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB). c/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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11
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Romischke J, Scherkus A, Saemann M, Krueger S, Bader R, Kragl U, Meyer J. Swelling and Mechanical Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels as Potential Synthetic Cartilage Substitute Materials. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050296. [PMID: 35621594 PMCID: PMC9141488 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have become an increasingly interesting topic in numerous fields of application. In addition to their use as immobilization matrixes in (bio)catalysis, they are widely used in the medical sector, e.g., in drug delivery systems, contact lenses, biosensors, electrodes, and tissue engineering. Cartilage tissue engineering hydrogels from natural origins, such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin, are widely known for their good biocompatibility. However, they often lack stability, reproducibility, and mechanical strength. Synthetic hydrogels, on the other hand, can have the advantage of tunable swelling and mechanical properties, as well as good reproducibility and lower costs. In this study, we investigated the swelling and mechanical properties of synthetic polyelectrolyte hydrogels. The resulting characteristics such as swelling degree, stiffness, stress, as well as stress-relaxation and cyclic loading behavior, were compared to a commercially available biomaterial, the ChondroFiller® liquid, which is already used to treat articular cartilage lesions. Worth mentioning are the observed good reproducibility and high mechanical strength of the synthetic hydrogels. We managed to synthesize hydrogels with a wide range of compressive moduli from 2.5 ± 0.1 to 1708.7 ± 67.7 kPa, which addresses the span of human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Romischke
- Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.R.); (A.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Anton Scherkus
- Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.R.); (A.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Michael Saemann
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (S.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Simone Krueger
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (S.K.); (R.B.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (S.K.); (R.B.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Udo Kragl
- Industrial Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (J.R.); (A.S.); (U.K.)
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johanna Meyer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3-9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mechanical Regulation of Limb Bud Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030420. [PMID: 35159230 PMCID: PMC8834596 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early limb bud development has been of considerable interest for the study of embryological development and especially morphogenesis. The focus has long been on biochemical signalling and less on cell biomechanics and mechanobiology. However, their importance cannot be understated since tissue shape changes are ultimately controlled by active forces and bulk tissue rheological properties that in turn depend on cell-cell interactions as well as extracellular matrix composition. Moreover, the feedback between gene regulation and the biomechanical environment is still poorly understood. In recent years, novel experimental techniques and computational models have reinvigorated research on this biomechanical and mechanobiological side of embryological development. In this review, we consider three stages of early limb development, namely: outgrowth, elongation, and condensation. For each of these stages, we summarize basic biological regulation and examine the role of cellular and tissue mechanics in the morphogenetic process.
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13
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Shao R, Dong Y, Zhang S, Wu X, Huang X, Sun B, Zeng B, Xu F, Liang W. State of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells: Current state and future directions. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100074. [PMID: 35073451 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics Zhuji People's Hospital Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312500 P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics Xinchang People's Hospital Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312500 P. R. China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine Shaoxing University Shaoxing Zhejiang Province 312000 P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District Zhoushan Zhejiang Province 316000 P. R. China
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14
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Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cartilage Regeneration Applications. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2454168. [PMID: 35035489 PMCID: PMC8758292 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2454168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondropathies are increasing worldwide, but effective treatments are currently lacking. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation represents a promising approach to counteract the degenerative and inflammatory environment characterizing those pathologies, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Umbilical cord- (UC-) MSCs gained increasing interest due to their multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as higher proliferation rates, abundant supply along with no risks for the donor compared to adult MSCs. In addition, UC-MSCs are physiologically adapted to survive in an ischemic and nutrient-poor environment as well as to produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) similar to that of the cartilage. All these characteristics make UC-MSCs a pivotal source for a stem cell-based treatment of chondropathies. In this review, the regenerative potential of UC-MSCs for the treatment of cartilage diseases will be discussed focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
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15
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Rolfe RA, Shea CA, Murphy P. Geometric analysis of chondrogenic self-organisation of embryonic limb bud cells in micromass culture. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:49-62. [PMID: 34988666 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control of chondrogenesis generates precise, species-specific patterns of skeletal structures in the developing vertebrate limb. The pattern-template is laid down when mesenchymal cells at the core of the early limb bud condense and undergo chondrogenic differentiation. Although the mechanisms involved in organising such complex patterns are not fully understood, the interplay between BMP and Wnt signalling pathways is fundamental. Primary embryonic limb bud cells grown under high-density micromass culture conditions spontaneously create a simple cartilage nodule pattern, presenting a model to investigate pattern generation. We describe a novel analytical approach to quantify geometric properties and spatial relationships between chondrogenic condensations, utilizing the micromass model. We follow the emergence of pattern in live cultures with nodules forming at regular distances, growing and changing shape over time. Gene expression profiling supports rapid chondrogenesis and transition to hypertrophy, mimicking the process of endochondral ossification within the limb bud. Manipulating the signalling environment through addition of BMP or Wnt ligands, as well as the BMP pathway antagonist Noggin, altered the differentiation profile and nodule pattern. BMP2 addition increased chondrogenesis while WNT3A or Noggin had the opposite effect, but with distinct pattern outcomes. Titrating these pro- and anti-chondrogenic factors and examining the resulting patterns support the hypothesis that regularly spaced cartilage nodules formed by primary limb bud cells in micromass culture are influenced by the balance of Wnt and BMP signalling under a Turing-like mechanism. This study demonstrates an approach for investigating the mechanisms governing chondrogenic spatial organization using simple micromass culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Rolfe
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claire A Shea
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paula Murphy
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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16
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Jeyaraman N, Ranjan R, Jha SK, Mishra P. Synovium Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (Sy-MSCs): A Promising Therapeutic Paradigm in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1-15. [PMID: 35070137 PMCID: PMC8748553 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (Sy-MSC) is a newer member of the mesenchymal stromal cell families. The first successful demonstration of the mesenchymal stromal cell from the human synovial membrane was done in 2001 and since then its potential role for musculoskeletal regeneration has been keenly documented. The regenerative effects of Sy-MSCs are through paracrine signaling, direct cell-cell interactions, and extracellular vehicles. Sy-MSCs possess superior chondrogenicity than other sources of mesenchymal stromal cells. This article aims to outline the advancement of synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells along with a specific insight into the application for managing osteoarthritis knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College & Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhu Mishra
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
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17
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Cooper SM, Rainbow RS. The Developing Field of Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering for Articular Cartilage Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2021; 28:995-1006. [PMID: 34605669 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is critical for proper joint mobility as it provides a smooth and lubricated surface between articulating bones and allows for transmission of load to underlying bones. Extended wear or injury of this tissue can result in osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease affecting millions across the globe. Because of its low regenerative capacity, articular cartilage cannot heal on its own and effective treatments for injured joint restoration remain a challenge. Strategies in tissue engineering have been demonstrated as potential therapeutic approaches to regenerate and repair damaged articular cartilage. Although many of these strategies rely on the use of an exogenous three-dimensional scaffolds to regenerate cartilage, scaffold-free tissue engineering provides numerous advantages over scaffold-based methods. This review highlights the latest advancements in scaffold-free tissue engineering for cartilage and the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Cooper
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Roshni S Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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18
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Articular Chondrocyte Phenotype Regulation through the Cytoskeleton and the Signaling Processes That Originate from or Converge on the Cytoskeleton: Towards a Novel Understanding of the Intersection between Actin Dynamics and Chondrogenic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063279. [PMID: 33807043 PMCID: PMC8004672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have assembled a complex picture, in which extracellular stimuli and intracellular signaling pathways modulate the chondrocyte phenotype. Because many diseases are mechanobiology-related, this review asked to what extent phenotype regulators control chondrocyte function through the cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-regulating signaling processes. Such information would generate leverage for advanced articular cartilage repair. Serial passaging, pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), growth factors (TGF-α), and osteoarthritis not only induce dedifferentiation but also converge on RhoA/ROCK/Rac1/mDia1/mDia2/Cdc42 to promote actin polymerization/crosslinking for stress fiber (SF) formation. SF formation takes center stage in phenotype control, as both SF formation and SOX9 phosphorylation for COL2 expression are ROCK activity-dependent. Explaining how it is molecularly possible that dedifferentiation induces low COL2 expression but high SF formation, this review theorized that, in chondrocyte SOX9, phosphorylation by ROCK might effectively be sidelined in favor of other SF-promoting ROCK substrates, based on a differential ROCK affinity. In turn, actin depolymerization for redifferentiation would “free-up” ROCK to increase COL2 expression. Moreover, the actin cytoskeleton regulates COL1 expression, modulates COL2/aggrecan fragment generation, and mediates a fibrogenic/catabolic expression profile, highlighting that actin dynamics-regulating processes decisively control the chondrocyte phenotype. This suggests modulating the balance between actin polymerization/depolymerization for therapeutically controlling the chondrocyte phenotype.
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19
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Taghiyar L, Jahangir S, Khozaei Ravari M, Shamekhi MA, Eslaminejad MB. Cartilage Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Preclinical and Clinical Trial Update and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1326:73-93. [PMID: 33629260 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and other degenerative joint diseases are characterized by articular cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM). Worldwide, these diseases are major causes of disability. Cell therapies have been considered to be the best therapeutic strategies for long-term treatment of articular cartilage diseases. It has been suggested that the mechanism of stem cell-based therapy is related to paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are recognized as the main secretion factors of stem cells. EVs, and in particular the subclass exosomes (Exos), are novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of cartilage lesions and OA. The results of recent studies have shown that EVs isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could inhibit OA progression. EVs isolated from various stem cell sources, such as MSCs, may contribute to tissue regeneration of the limbs, skin, heart, and other tissues. Here, we summarize recent findings of preclinical and clinical studies on different MSC-derived EVs and their effectiveness as a treatment for damaged cartilage. The Exos isolation techniques in OA treatment are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Jahangir
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khozaei Ravari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Berg von Linde M, Johansson K, Kruse R, Helenius G, Samano N, Friberg Ö, Frøbert AM, Fröbert O. Expression of Paracrine Effectors in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated With Plasma From Brown Bears (Ursus arctos). Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:317-325. [PMID: 32949228 PMCID: PMC7877842 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are promising candidates for novel cell therapeutic applications. Hibernating brown bears sustain tissue integrity and function via unknown mechanisms, which might be plasma borne. We hypothesized that plasma from hibernating bears may increase the expression of favorable factors from human ADSCs. In an experimental study, ADSCs from patients with ischemic heart disease were treated with interventional media containing plasma from hibernating and active bears, respectively, and with control medium. Extracted RNA from the ADSCs was sequenced using next generation sequencing. Statistical analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using fold change analysis, pathway analysis, and gene ontology. As a result, we found that genes associated with inflammation, such as IGF1, PGF, IL11, and TGFA, were downregulated by > 10‐fold in ADSCs treated with winter plasma compared with control. Genes important for cardiovascular development, ADM, ANGPTL4, and APOL3, were upregulated in ADSCs when treated with winter plasma compared with summer plasma. ADSCs treated with bear plasma, regardless if it was from hibernating or active bears, showed downregulation of IGF1, PGF, IL11, INHBA, IER3, and HMOX1 compared with control, suggesting reduced cell growth and differentiation. This can be summarized in the conclusion that plasma from hibernating bears suppresses inflammatory genes and activates genes associated with cardiovascular development in human ADSCs. Identifying the involved regulator(s) holds therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gisela Helenius
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ninos Samano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Örjan Friberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anne Mette Frøbert
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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21
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Cai L, Liu W, Cui Y, Liu Y, Du W, Zheng L, Pi C, Zhang D, Xie J, Zhou X. Biomaterial Stiffness Guides Cross-talk between Chondrocytes: Implications for a Novel Cellular Response in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4476-4489. [PMID: 33455172 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exquisite cartilage architecture maintains an orderly dynamic equilibrium as a result of the interplay between chondrocyte functions and the unique extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Numerous studies have demonstrated that extracellular cues, including topological, mechanical, and biochemical properties of the underlying substrates, dictate the chondrocyte behaviors. Consequently, developing advanced biomaterials with the desired characteristics which could achieve the biointerface between cells and the surrounded matrix close to the physiological conditions becomes a great hotspot in bioengineering. However, how the substrate stiffness influences the intercellular communication among chondrocytes is still poorly reported. We used polydimethylsiloxane with varied stiffnesses as a cell culture substrate to elucidate a novel cell-to-cell communication in a collective of chondrocytes. First, morphological images collected using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the tunable substrate stiffnesses directed the changes in intercellular links among chondrocytes. Next, fibronectin, which played a vital role in the connection of ECM components or linkage of ECM to chondrocytes, was shown to be gathered along cell-cell contact areas and was changed with the tunable substrate stiffnesses. Furthermore, transmembrane junctional proteins including connexin 43 (Cx43) and pannexin 1 (Panx1), which are responsible for gap junction formation in cell-to-cell communication, were mediated by the tunable substrate stiffnesses. Finally, through a scrape loading/dye transfer assay, we revealed cell-to-cell communication changes in a living chondrocyte population in response to the tunable substrate stiffnesses via cell-to-cell fluorescent molecule transport. Taken together, this novel cell-to-cell communication regulated by biomaterial stiffness could help us to increase the understanding of cell behaviors under biomechanical control and may ultimately lead to refining cell-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Kronemberger GS, Matsui RAM, Miranda GDASDCE, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS. Cartilage and bone tissue engineering using adipose stromal/stem cells spheroids as building blocks. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:110-122. [PMID: 32184936 PMCID: PMC7062040 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-free techniques in the developmental tissue engineering area are designed to mimic in vivo embryonic processes with the aim of biofabricating, in vitro, tissues with more authentic properties. Cell clusters called spheroids are the basis for scaffold-free tissue engineering. In this review, we explore the use of spheroids from adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as a model in the developmental engineering area in order to mimic the developmental stages of cartilage and bone tissues. Spheroids from adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells lineages recapitulate crucial events in bone and cartilage formation during embryogenesis, and are capable of spontaneously fusing to other spheroids, making them ideal building blocks for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Here, we discuss data from ours and other labs on the use of adipose stromal/stem cell spheroids in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro. Overall, recent studies support the notion that spheroids are ideal "building blocks" for tissue engineering by “bottom-up” approaches, which are based on tissue assembly by advanced techniques such as three-dimensional bioprinting. Further studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate spheroid fusion are now crucial to support continued development of bottom-up tissue engineering approaches such as three-dimensional bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kronemberger
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Renata Akemi Morais Matsui
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Almeida Santos de Castro e Miranda
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 25255-030 Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
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23
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Yu AXD, Xu ML, Yao P, Kwan KKL, Liu YX, Duan R, Dong TTX, Ko RKM, Tsim KWK. Corylin, a flavonoid derived from Psoralea Fructus, induces osteoblastic differentiation via estrogen and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:4311-4328. [PMID: 31965654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902319rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Corylin is a naturally occurring flavonoid isolated from the fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), which is a Chinese medicinal herb in treating osteoporosis. Although a variety of pharmacological activities of corylin have been reported, its osteogenic action and the underlying mechanism in bone development remain unclear. In the present study, the involvement of bone-specific genes in corylininduced differentiated osteoblasts was analyzed by RT-PCR, promoter-reporter assay, and Western blotting. In cultured osteoblasts, corylin-induced cell differentiation and mineralization, as well as increased the expressions of vital biological markers for osteogenesis, such as Runx2, Osterix, Col1, and ALP. Corylin was proposed to have dual pathways in triggering the osteoblastic differentiation. First, the osteogenic function of corylin acted through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The nuclear translocation of β-catenin of cultured osteoblasts, as determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, was triggered by applied corylin, and which was blocked by DKK-1, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Second, the application of corylin-induced estrogenic response in a dose-dependent manner, and which was blocked by ICI 182 780, an antagonist of estrogen receptor. Furthermore, the activation of Runx2 promoter by corylin was abolished by both DKK-1 and ICI 182,780, indicating that the corylin exhibited its osteogenic effect via estrogen and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. In addition, corylin regulated the metabolic profiles, as well as the membrane potential of mitochondria, in cultured osteoblasts. Corylin also stimulated the osteogenesis in bone micromass derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells. This study demonstrated the osteogenic activities of corylin in osteoblasts and micromass, suggesting that corylin has the potential to be developed as a novel pro-osteogenic agent in targeting for the treatment of osteoblast-mediated osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Xiao-Dan Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Li Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Kin-Leung Kwan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Liu
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Kurakazu I, Akasaki Y, Hayashida M, Tsushima H, Goto N, Sueishi T, Toya M, Kuwahara M, Okazaki K, Duffy T, Lotz MK, Nakashima Y. FOXO1 transcription factor regulates chondrogenic differentiation through transforming growth factor β1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17555-17569. [PMID: 31601652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins are transcription factors involved in the differentiation of many cell types. Type II collagen (Col2) Cre-Foxo1-knockout and Col2-Cre-Foxo1,3,4 triple-knockout mice exhibit growth plate malformation. Moreover, recent studies have reported that in some cells, the expressions and activities of FOXOs are promoted by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a growth factor playing a key role in chondrogenic differentiation. Here, using a murine chondrogenic cell line (ATDC5), mouse embryos, and human mesenchymal stem cells, we report the mechanisms by which FOXOs affect chondrogenic differentiation. FOXO1 expression increased along with chondrogenic differentiation, and FOXO1 inhibition suppressed chondrogenic differentiation. TGFβ1/SMAD signaling promoted expression and activity of FOXO1. In ATDC5, FOXO1 knockdown suppressed expression of sex-determining region Y box 9 (Sox9), a master regulator of chondrogenic differentiation, resulting in decreased collagen type II α1 (Col2a1) and aggrecan (Acan) expression after TGFβ1 treatment. On the other hand, chemical FOXO1 inhibition suppressed Col2a1 and Acan expression without suppressing Sox9 To investigate the effects of FOXO1 on chondrogenic differentiation independently of SOX9, we examined FOXO1's effects on the cell cycle. FOXO1 inhibition suppressed expression of p21 and cell-cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Conversely, FOXO1 overexpression promoted expression of p21 and cell-cycle arrest. FOXO1 inhibition suppressed expression of nascent p21 RNA by TGFβ1, and FOXO1 bound the p21 promoter. p21 inhibition suppressed expression of Col2a1 and Acan during chondrogenic differentiation. These results suggest that FOXO1 is necessary for not only SOX9 expression, but also cell-cycle arrest during chondrogenic differentiation via TGFβ1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kurakazu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Hayashida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsushima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Sueishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masanari Kuwahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tomas Duffy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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25
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Xiao SP, Tang LS, Chen JY, Li ZT, Cheng GH, Chen QQ, Liu SH, Liu WG. Effect of Cross-Linked Hyaluronate Scaffold on Cartilage Repair: An In Vivo Study. Orthop Surg 2019; 11:679-689. [PMID: 31385411 PMCID: PMC6712381 DOI: 10.1111/os.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the safety and effectiveness of a cross‐linked sodium hyaluronate (CHA) scaffold in cartilage repair. Methods Physicochemical properties of the scaffold were determined. The safety and effectiveness of the scaffold for cartilage repair were evaluated in a minipig model of a full‐thickness cartilage defect with microfracture surgery. Postoperative observation and hematological examination were used to evaluate the safety of the CHA scaffold implantation. Pathological examination as well as biomechanical testing, including Young's modulus, stress relaxation time, and creep time, were conducted at 6 and 12 months postsurgery to assess the effectiveness of the scaffold for cartilage repair. Furthermore, type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan content were determined to confirm the influence of the scaffold in the damaged cartilage tissue. Results The results showed that the routine hematological indexes of the experimental animals were within the normal physiological ranges, which confirmed the safety of CHA scaffold implantation. Based on macroscopic observation, it was evident that repair of the defective cartilage in the animal knee joint began during the 6 months postoperation and was gradually enhanced from the central to the surrounding region. The repair smoothness and color of the 12‐month cartilage samples from the operation area were better than those of the 6‐month samples, and the results for the CHA scaffold implantation group were better than the control group. Greater cell degeneration and degeneration of the adjacent cartilage was found in the implantation group compared with the control group at both 6 and 12 months postoperation, evaluated by O'Driscoll Articular Cartilage Histology Scoring. Implantation with the CHA scaffold matrix promoted cartilage repair and improved its compression capacity. The type II collagen level in the CHA scaffold implantation group tended to be higher than that in the control group at 6 months (2.33 ± 1.50 vs 1.68 ± 0.56) and 12 months postsurgery (3.37 ± 1.70 vs 2.06 ± 0.63). The GAG content in the cartilage of the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group (2.17 ± 0.43 vs 3.64 ± 1.17, P = 0.002 at 6 months and 2.27 ± 0.38 vs 4.12 ± 1.02, P = 0.002 at 12 months). Type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan content also demonstrated that CHA was beneficial for the accumulation of both these vital substances in the cartilage tissue. Conclusions The CHA scaffold displayed the ability to promote cartilage repair when applied in microfracture surgery, which makes it a promising material for application in the area of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Xiao
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technology in Shandong Province, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technology in Shandong Province, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Li
- Sehandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Cheng
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sheng-Hou Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Guang Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Côrtes I, Matsui RAM, Azevedo MS, Beatrici A, Souza KLA, Launay G, Delolme F, Granjeiro JM, Moali C, Baptista LS. A Scaffold- and Serum-Free Method to Mimic Human Stable Cartilage Validated by Secretome. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 27:311-327. [PMID: 30734654 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A stabilized cartilage construct without signs of hypertrophy in chondrocytes is still a challenge. Suspensions of adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) and cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) were seeded into micromolded nonadhesive hydrogel to produce spheroids (scaffold- and serum-free method) characterized by size, immunohistochemistry, fusion, and biomechanical properties. After cell dissociation, they were characterized for mesenchymal cell surface markers, cell viability, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both targeted and nontargeted (shotgun mass spectrometry) analyses were conducted on the culture supernatants. Induced ASC spheroids (ø = 350 μm) showed high cell viability and CD73 downregulation contrasting to CD90. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3/TGF-β1 ratio and SOX9 increased (p < 0.05), whereas interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, RUNX2, and ALPL decreased. Induced ASC spheroids were able to completely fuse and showed a higher force required to compression at day 14 (p < 0.0001). Strong collagen type II in situ was associated with gradual decrease of collagen type X and a lower COLXA1 gene expression at day 14 compared with day 7 (p = 0.0352). The comparison of the secretome content of induced and non-induced ASCs and CPCs identified 138 proteins directly relevant to chondrogenesis of 704 proteins in total. Although collagen X was absent, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), described as antiangiogenic and antihypertrophic, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a biomarker of chondrogenesis, were upregulated in induced ASC spheroids. Our scaffold- and serum-free method mimics stable cartilage acting as a tool for biomarker discovery and for regenerative medicine protocols. Impact Statement Promising adult stem cell sources for cartilage regeneration include adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Our main objective was the development of a reproducible and easy-to-handle scaffold- and serum-free method to obtain stable cartilage from induced ASC spheroids. In addition to targeted protein profiling and biomechanical analysis, we provide the first characterization of the secretome composition for ASC spheroids, providing a useful tool to monitor in vitro chondrogenesis and a noninvasive quality control of tissue-engineered constructs. Furthermore, our secretome analysis revealed a potential novel biomarker-thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), known by its antiangiogenic properties and recently described as an antihypertrophic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Côrtes
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Renata A M Matsui
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Mayra S Azevedo
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Anderson Beatrici
- Scientific and Technological Metrology Division (Dimci), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Kleber L A Souza
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Guilaume Launay
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, University of Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Delolme
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR 5305, University of Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France.,SFR Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, INSERM US8, CNRS UMS3444, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - José M Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Catherine Moali
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR 5305, University of Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Leandra S Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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27
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Erickson AE, Sun J, Lan Levengood SK, Swanson S, Chang FC, Tsao CT, Zhang M. Chitosan-based composite bilayer scaffold as an in vitro osteochondral defect regeneration model. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:34. [PMID: 30906951 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged osteochondral tissue damage can result in osteoarthritis and decreased quality of life. Multiphasic scaffolds, where different layers model different microenvironments, are a promising treatment approach, yet stable joining between layers during fabrication remains challenging. Here, a bilayer scaffold for osteochondral tissue regeneration was fabricated using thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS). Two distinct polymer solutions were layered before TIPS, and the resulting porous, bilayer scaffold was characterized by seamless interfacial integration and a mechanical stiffness gradient reflecting the native osteochondral microenvironment. Chitosan is a critical component of both scaffold layers to facilitate cell attachment and the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with other biologically relevant natural polymers. The articular cartilage region was optimized for hyaluronic acid content and stiffness, while the subchondral bone region was defined by higher stiffness and osteoconductive hydroxyapatite content. Following co-culture with chondrocyte-like (SW-1353 or mesenchymal stem cells) and osteoblast-like cells (MG63), cell proliferation and migration to the interface along with increased gene expression associated with relevant markers of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis indicates the potential of this bilayer scaffold for osteochondral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane E Erickson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jialu Sun
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sheeny K Lan Levengood
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shawn Swanson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Fei-Chien Chang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ching T Tsao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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28
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Cadoff EB, Sheffer R, Wientroub S, Ovadia D, Meiner V, Schwarzbauer JE. Mechanistic insights into the cellular effects of a novel FN1 variant associated with a spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2018; 94:429-437. [PMID: 30051459 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) is characterized by developmental changes in long bones and vertebrae. It has large phenotypic diversity and multiple genetic causes, including a recent link to novel variants in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (FN), a regulator of ECM assembly and key link between the ECM and proper cell function. We identified a patient with a unique SMD, similar to SMD with corner fractures. The patient has been followed over 19 years and presents with short stature, genu varum, kyphoscoliosis, and pectus carinatum. Radiography shows metaphyseal changes that resolved over time, vertebral changes, and capitular avascular necrosis. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous FN1 variant (p.Cys97Trp). Using mass spectroscopy, mutant FN was detected in plasma and in culture medium of primary dermal fibroblasts isolated from the patient, but mutant protein was much less abundant than wild-type FN. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses show that mutant fibroblasts assemble significantly lower amounts of FN matrix than wild-type cells, and mutant FN was preferentially retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. This work highlights the importance of FN in skeletal development, and its potential role in the pathogenesis of a subtype of SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Cadoff
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - R Sheffer
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Wientroub
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Ovadia
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - V Meiner
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J E Schwarzbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
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29
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El Qashty RMN, Mohamed NN, Radwan LRS, Ibrahim FMM. Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on healing of temporomandibular joints in rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:272-281. [PMID: 29952027 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The healing capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been evaluated in various studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BMMSCs on the healing of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with induced rheumatoid arthritis. Fifty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group I (n = 10), negative control; group II (n = 20), positive control (induction of arthritis by adjuvant followed by intravenous injection of 0.1 ml of PBS); and group III (n = 20), intervention (as for group II but injected intravenously with 1 × 106 cells ml-1 of BMMSCs suspended in PBS). Half of the rats in each group were euthanized 3 wk after the start of the experiment and the other half was euthanized after 5 wk. Group I revealed normal TMJ features. Group II showed thickening of disc, thinning of cartilage, disordered bone trabeculae, and decreased in mean % area staining positive of collagen fibers at 3 wk, while at 5 wk these effects were more aggravated. Group III showed nearly normal thickness of disc and condylar cartilage, nearly normal arrangement of bone trabeculae and regenerated collagen fibers at 3 wk, while after 5 wk the TMJ features were almost normal. Two-way anova revealed statistically significant differences between groups. Thus, treatment of induced rheumatoid arthritis with BMMSCs shows promising results that need to be further investigated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M N El Qashty
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nesreen N Mohamed
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lobna R S Radwan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Fatma M M Ibrahim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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30
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Lee Y, Choi J, Hwang NS. Regulation of lubricin for functional cartilage tissue regeneration: a review. Biomater Res 2018; 22:9. [PMID: 29568558 PMCID: PMC5857089 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lubricin is chondrocyte-secreted glycoprotein that primarily conducts boundary lubrication between joint surfaces. Besides its cytoprotective function and extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment, lubricin is recommended as a novel biotherapeutic protein that restore functional articular cartilage. Likewise, malfunction of lubrication in damaged articular cartilage caused by complex and multifaceted matter is a major concern in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. Main body Although a noticeable progress has been made toward cartilage tissue regeneration through numerous approaches such as autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral grafts, and microfracture technique, the functionality of engineered cartilage is a challenge for complete reconstruction of cartilage. Thus, delicate modulation of lubricin along with cell/scaffold application will expand the research on cartilage tissue engineering. Conclusion In this review, we will discuss the empirical analysis of lubricin from fundamental interpretation to the practical design of gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsup Lee
- 1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Choi
- 1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- 1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea.,2Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea.,3N-Bio/BioMAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 152-742 Republic of Korea
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31
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Sawicki LA, Choe LH, Wiley KL, Lee KH, Kloxin AM. Isolation and Identification of Proteins Secreted by Cells Cultured within Synthetic Hydrogel-Based Matrices. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:836-845. [PMID: 29552635 PMCID: PMC5850091 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells interact with and remodel their microenvironment, degrading large extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., fibronectin, collagens) and secreting new ECM proteins and small soluble factors (e.g., growth factors, cytokines). Synthetic mimics of the ECM have been developed as controlled cell culture platforms for use in both fundamental and applied studies. However, how cells broadly remodel these initially well-defined matrices remains poorly understood and difficult to probe. In this work, we have established methods for widely examining both large and small proteins that are secreted by cells within synthetic matrices. Specifically, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a model primary cell type, were cultured within well-defined poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-peptide hydrogels, and these cell-matrix constructs were decellularized and degraded for subsequent isolation and analysis of deposited proteins. Shotgun proteomics using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry identified a variety of proteins, including the large ECM proteins fibronectin and collagen VI. Immunostaining and confocal imaging confirmed these results and provided visualization of protein organization within the synthetic matrices. Additionally, culture medium was collected from the encapsulated hMSCs, and a Luminex assay was performed to identify secreted soluble factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Together, these methods provide a unique approach for studying dynamic reciprocity between cells and synthetic microenvironments and have the potential to provide new biological insights into cell responses during three-dimensional (3D) controlled cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Sawicki
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Leila H. Choe
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Delaware
Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Katherine L. Wiley
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Delaware
Biotechnology Institute, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
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32
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Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair: Preclinical Studies and Insights in Translational Animal Models and Outcome Measures. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29535784 PMCID: PMC5832141 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9079538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the restricted intrinsic capacity of resident chondrocytes to regenerate the lost cartilage postinjury, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair. Moreover, stem cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used successfully in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these promising reports, the exact mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated cartilage repair remain uncertain. Stem cells can contribute to cartilage repair via chondrogenic differentiation, via immunomodulation, or by the production of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles. But before novel cell-based therapies for cartilage repair can be introduced into the clinic, rigorous testing in preclinical animal models is required. Preclinical models used in regenerative cartilage studies include murine, lapine, caprine, ovine, porcine, canine, and equine models, each associated with its specific advantages and limitations. This review presents a summary of recent in vitro data and from in vivo preclinical studies justifying the use of MSCs and iPSCs in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing small and large animals will be discussed, while also describing suitable outcome measures for evaluating cartilage repair.
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33
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Casanellas I, Lagunas A, Tsintzou I, Vida Y, Collado D, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Rodríguez-Pereira C, Magalhaes J, Gorostiza P, Andrades JA, Becerra J, Samitier J. Dendrimer-based Uneven Nanopatterns to Locally Control Surface Adhesiveness: A Method to Direct Chondrogenic Differentiation. J Vis Exp 2018:56347. [PMID: 29443025 PMCID: PMC5908668 DOI: 10.3791/56347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adhesion and differentiation is conditioned by the nanoscale disposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, with local concentrations having a major effect. Here we present a method to obtain large-scale uneven nanopatterns of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-functionalized dendrimers that permit the nanoscale control of local RGD surface density. Nanopatterns are formed by surface adsorption of dendrimers from solutions at different initial concentrations and are characterized by water contact angle (CA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning probe microscopy techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The local surface density of RGD is measured using AFM images by means of probability contour maps of minimum interparticle distances and then correlated with cell adhesion response and differentiation. The nanopatterning method presented here is a simple procedure that can be scaled up in a straightforward manner to large surface areas. It is thus fully compatible with cell culture protocols and can be applied to other ligands that exert concentration-dependent effects on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Casanellas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Department of Engineering Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB)
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST);
| | - Iro Tsintzou
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Instituto de Investigacin Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Daniel Collado
- Instituto de Investigacin Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Instituto de Investigacin Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pereira
- Unidad de Bioingeniería Tisular y Terapia Celular (GBTTC-CHUAC), Grupo de Reumatolog ía, Instituto de Investigación Biomèdica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Unidad de Bioingeniería Tisular y Terapia Celular (GBTTC-CHUAC), Grupo de Reumatolog ía, Instituto de Investigación Biomèdica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
| | - José A Andrades
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER)
| | - José Becerra
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Department of Engineering Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB)
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Successful Low-Cost Scaffold-Free Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Human Cartilage Progenitor Cell Spheroids Formed by Micromolded Nonadhesive Hydrogel. Stem Cells Int 2017. [PMID: 29527227 PMCID: PMC5750468 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7053465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold-free tissue engineering using spheroids is pointed out as an approach for optimizing the delivery system of cartilage construct. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the micromolded nonadhesive hydrogel (MicroTissues®) for spheroid compaction (2-day culture) and spontaneous chondrogenesis (21-day culture) using cartilage progenitors cells (CPCs) from human nasal septum without chondrogenic stimulus. CPC spheroids showed diameter stability (486 μm ± 65), high percentage of viable cells (88.1 ± 2.1), and low percentage of apoptotic cells (2.3%). After spheroid compaction, the synthesis of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 was significantly higher compared to monolayer (p < 0.005). Biomechanical assay revealed that the maximum forces applied to spheroids after chondrogenesis were 2.6 times higher than for those cultured for 2 days. After spontaneous chondrogenesis, CPC spheroids were entirely positive for N-cadherin, collagen type II and type VI, and aggrecan and chondroitin sulfate. Comparing to monolayer, the expression of SOX5 and SOX6 genes analyzed by qPCR was significantly upregulated (p < 0.01). Finally, we observed the capacity of CPC spheroids starting to fuse. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the scientific literature that human CPC spheroids were formed by micromolded nonadhesive hydrogel, achieving a successful scaffold-free cartilage engineering without chondrogenic stimulus (low cost).
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Nedjari S, Awaja F, Altankov G. Three Dimensional Honeycomb Patterned Fibrinogen Based Nanofibers Induce Substantial Osteogenic Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15947. [PMID: 29162855 PMCID: PMC5698442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells therapy offers a viable alternative for treatment of bone disorders to the conventional bone grafting. However clinical therapies are still hindered by the insufficient knowledge on the conditions that maximize stem cells differentiation. Hereby, we introduce a novel 3D honeycomb architecture scaffold that strongly support osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). The scaffold is based on electrospun hybrid nanofibers consisting of poly (L-lactide ε-caprolactone) and fibrinogen (PLCL/FBG). Classical fibers orientations, random or aligned were also produced and studied for comparison. The overall morphology of ADMSC's generally followed the nanofibers orientation and dimensionality developing regular focal adhesions and direction-dependent actin cytoskeleton bundles. However, there was an initial tendency for cells rounding on honeycomb scaffolds before ADMSCs formed a distinct bridging network. This specific cells organization appeared to have significant impact on the differentiation potential of ADMSCs towards osteogenic lineage, as indicated by the alkaline phosphatase production, calcium deposition and specific genes expression. Collectively, it was observed synergistic effect of nanofibers with honeycomb architecture on the behavior of ADMSCs entering osteogenic path of differentiation which outlines the potential benefits from insertion of such bioinspired geometrical cues within scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Nedjari
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Firas Awaja
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 36, Innsbruck, Austria
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) and CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - George Altankov
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
- ICREA (Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Chen CC, Hsiao CY, Wang YH, Chen YC, Chang CH, Fang HW. A comparison of distinct bone marrow-derived cells on cartilage tissue engineering. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Driessen BJ, Logie C, Vonk LA. Cellular reprogramming for clinical cartilage repair. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:329-349. [PMID: 28144824 PMCID: PMC5493710 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The repair of articular cartilage needs a sufficient number of chondrocytes to replace the defect tissue, and therefore, expansion of cells is generally required. Chondrocytes derived by cellular reprogramming may provide a solution to the limitations of current (stem) cell-based therapies. In this article, two distinct approaches-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-mediated reprogramming and direct lineage conversion-are analysed and compared according to criteria that encompass the qualification of the method and the derived chondrocytes for the purpose of clinical application. Progress in iPSC generation has provided insights into the replacement of reprogramming factors by small molecules and chemical compounds. As follows, multistage chondrogenic differentiation methods have shown to improve the chondrocyte yield and quality. Nevertheless, the iPSC 'detour' remains a time- and cost-consuming approach. Direct conversion of fibroblasts into chondrocytes provides a slight advantage over these aspects compared to the iPSC detour. However, the requirement of constitutive transgene expression to inhibit hypertrophic differentiation limits this approach of being translated to the clinic. It can be concluded that the quality of the derived chondrocytes highly depends on the characteristics of the reprogramming method and that this is important to keep in mind during the experimental set-up. Further research into both reprogramming approaches for clinical cartilage repair has to include proper control groups and epigenetic profiling to optimize the techniques and eventually derive functionally stable articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta J.H. Driessen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Logie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A. Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu M, Zeng X, Ma C, Yi H, Ali Z, Mou X, Li S, Deng Y, He N. Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. Bone Res 2017; 5:17014. [PMID: 28584674 PMCID: PMC5448314 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged cartilage and bone tissue. Among the scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, injectable hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for use as three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds in cartilage and bone tissue engineering, owing to their high water content, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), porous framework for cell transplantation and proliferation, minimal invasive properties, and ability to match irregular defects. In this review, we describe the selection of appropriate biomaterials and fabrication methods to prepare novel injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In addition, the biology of cartilage and the bony ECM is also summarized. Finally, future perspectives for injectable hydrogels in cartilage and bone tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zeeshan Ali
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xianbo Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, PR China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, PR China
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Vedicherla S, Buckley CT. In vitro extracellular matrix accumulation of nasal and articular chondrocytes for intervertebral disc repair. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:503-513. [PMID: 28515001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte based regenerative therapies for intervertebral disc repair such as Autologous Disc Cell Transplantation (ADCT, CODON) and allogeneic juvenile chondrocyte implantation (NuQu®, ISTO Technologies) have demonstrated good outcomes in clinical trials. However concerns remain with the supply demand reconciliation and issues surrounding immunoreactivity which exist for allogeneic-type technologies. The use of stem cells is challenging due to high growth factor requirements, regulatory barriers and differentiation towards a stable phenotype. Therefore, there is a need to identify alternative non-disc cell sources for the development and clinical translation of next generation therapies for IVD regeneration. In this study, we compared Nasal Chondrocytes (NC) as a non-disc alternative chondrocyte source with Articular Chondrocytes (AC) in terms of cell yield, morphology, proliferation kinetics and ability to produce key extracellular matrix components under 5% and 20% oxygen conditions, with and without exogenous TGF-β supplementation. Results indicated that NC maintained proliferative capacity with high amounts of sGAG and lower collagen accumulation in the absence of TGF-β supplementation under 5% oxygen conditions. Importantly, osteogenesis and calcification was inhibited for NC when cultured in IVD-like microenvironmental conditions. The present study provides a rationale for the exploration of nasal chondrocytes as a promising, potent and clinically feasible autologous cell source for putative IVD repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vedicherla
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - C T Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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40
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Minicircle Mediated Gene Delivery to Canine and Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040819. [PMID: 28417917 PMCID: PMC5412403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-directed tissue repair offers the clinician, human or veterinary, the chance to enhance cartilage regeneration and repair at a molecular level. Non-viral plasmid vectors have key biosafety advantages over viral vector systems for regenerative therapies due to their episomal integration however, conventional non-viral vectors can suffer from low transfection efficiency. Our objective was to identify and validate in vitro a novel non-viral gene expression vector that could be utilized for ex vivo and in vivo delivery to stromal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Minicircle plasmid DNA vector containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was generated and transfected into adipose-derived MSCs from three species: canine, equine and rodent and transfection efficiency was determined. Both canine and rat cells showed transfection efficiencies of approximately 40% using minicircle vectors with equine cells exhibiting lower transfection efficiency. A Sox9-expressing minicircle vector was generated and transfected into canine MSCs. Successful transfection of the minicircle-Sox9 vector was confirmed in canine cells by Sox9 immunostaining. This study demonstrate the application and efficacy of a novel non-viral expression vector in canine and equine MSCs. Minicircle vectors have potential use in gene-directed regenerative therapies in non-rodent animal models for treatment of cartilage injury and repair.
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Jang Y, Jung H, Ju JH. Chondrogenic Differentiation Induction of Adipose-derived Stem Cells by Centrifugal Gravity. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287507 DOI: 10.3791/54934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired cartilage cannot heal naturally. Currently, the most advanced therapy for defects in cartilage is the transplantation of chondrocytes differentiated from stem cells using cytokines. Unfortunately, cytokine-induced chondrogenic differentiation is costly, time-consuming, and associated with a high risk of contamination during in vitro differentiation. However, biomechanical stimuli also serve as crucial regulatory factors for chondrogenesis. For example, mechanical stress can induce chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for the repair of impaired cartilage. In this study, we demonstrated that centrifugal gravity (CG, 2,400 × g), a mechanical stress easily applied by centrifugation, induced the upregulation of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), causing them to express chondrogenic phenotypes. The centrifuged ASCs expressed higher levels of chondrogenic differentiation markers, such as aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type 2 alpha 1 (COL2A1), and collagen type 1 (COL1), but lower levels of collagen type 10 (COL10), a marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes. In addition, chondrogenic aggregate formation, a prerequisite for chondrogenesis, was observed in centrifuged ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsue Jang
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea;
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Abstract
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing tissue that lines the surface of bones in diarthrodial joints. Unfortunately, this avascular tissue has a limited capacity for intrinsic repair. Treatment options for articular cartilage defects include microfracture and arthroplasty; however, these strategies fail to generate tissue that adequately restores damaged cartilage. Limitations of current treatments for cartilage defects have prompted the field of cartilage tissue engineering, which seeks to integrate engineering and biological principles to promote the growth of new cartilage to replace damaged tissue. To date, a wide range of scaffolds and cell sources have emerged with a focus on recapitulating the microenvironments present during development or in adult tissue, in order to induce the formation of cartilaginous constructs with biochemical and mechanical properties of native tissue. Hydrogels have emerged as a promising scaffold due to the wide range of possible properties and the ability to entrap cells within the material. Towards improving cartilage repair, hydrogel design has advanced in recent years to improve their utility. Some of these advances include the development of improved network crosslinking (e.g. double-networks), new techniques to process hydrogels (e.g. 3D printing) and better incorporation of biological signals (e.g. controlled release). This review summarises these innovative approaches to engineer hydrogels towards cartilage repair, with an eye towards eventual clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
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Spieker J, Mudersbach T, Vogel-Höpker A, Layer PG. Endochondral Ossification Is Accelerated in Cholinesterase-Deficient Mice and in Avian Mesenchymal Micromass Cultures. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170252. [PMID: 28118357 PMCID: PMC5261733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most components of the cholinergic system are detected in skeletogenic cell types in vitro, yet the function of this system in skeletogenesis remains unclear. Here, we analyzed endochondral ossification in mutant murine fetuses, in which genes of the rate-limiting cholinergic enzymes acetyl- (AChE), or butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), or both were deleted (called here A-B+, A+B-, A-B-, respectively). In all mutant embryos bone growth and cartilage remodeling into mineralizing bone were accelerated, as revealed by Alcian blue (A-blu) and Alizarin red (A-red) staining. In A+B- and A-B- onset of mineralization was observed before E13.5, about 2 days earlier than in wild type and A-B+ mice. In all mutants between E18.5 to birth A-blu staining disappeared from epiphyses prematurely. Instead, A-blu+ cells were dislocated into diaphyses, most pronounced so in A-B- mutants, indicating additive effects of both missing ChEs in A-B- mutant mice. The remodeling effects were supported by in situ hybridization (ISH) experiments performed on cryosections from A-B- mice, in which Ihh, Runx2, MMP-13, ALP, Col-II and Col-X were considerably decreased, or had disappeared between E18.5 and P0. With a second approach, we applied an improved in vitro micromass model from chicken limb buds that allowed histological distinction between areas of cartilage, apoptosis and mineralization. When treated with the AChE inhibitor BW284c51, or with nicotine, there was decrease in cartilage and accelerated mineralization, suggesting that these effects were mediated through nicotinic receptors (α7-nAChR). We conclude that due to absence of either one or both cholinesterases in KO mice, or inhibition of AChE in chicken micromass cultures, there is increase in cholinergic signalling, which leads to increased chondroblast production and premature mineralization, at the expense of incomplete chondrogenic differentiation. This emphasizes the importance of cholinergic signalling in cartilage and bone formation.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholinesterase/deficiency
- Acetylcholinesterase/physiology
- Animals
- Apnea/physiopathology
- Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide/pharmacology
- Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide/toxicity
- Bone and Bones/embryology
- Bone and Bones/enzymology
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Butyrylcholinesterase/deficiency
- Butyrylcholinesterase/physiology
- Cartilage/embryology
- Cartilage/enzymology
- Cartilage/pathology
- Chick Embryo
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity
- Chondrogenesis/drug effects
- GPI-Linked Proteins/deficiency
- GPI-Linked Proteins/physiology
- Mesoderm/physiology
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nicotine/pharmacology
- Nicotine/toxicity
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Osteogenesis/physiology
- alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/drug effects
- alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Spieker
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Mudersbach
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Astrid Vogel-Höpker
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul G. Layer
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, Darmstadt, Germany
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Zayed M, Caniglia C, Misk N, Dhar MS. Donor-Matched Comparison of Chondrogenic Potential of Equine Bone Marrow- and Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration. Front Vet Sci 2017; 3:121. [PMID: 28149840 PMCID: PMC5241318 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to be useful for cartilage tissue regeneration. Bone marrow (BM) and synovial fluid (SF) are promising sources for MSCs to be used in cartilage regeneration. In order to improve the clinical outcomes, it is recommended that prior to clinical use, the cellular properties and, specifically, their chondrogenic potential must be investigated. The purpose of this study is to compare and better understand the in vitro chondrogenic potential of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SFMSCs) populated from the same equine donor. BM- and SF-derived MSCs cultures were generated from five equine donors, and the MSCs were evaluated in vitro for their morphology, proliferation, trilineage differentiation, and immunophenotyping. Differences in their chondrogenic potentials were further evaluated quantitatively using glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and via immunofluorescence of chondrogenic differentiation protein markers, SRY-type HMG box9, Aggrecan, and collagen II. The BMMSCs and SFMSCs were similar in cellular morphology, viability, and immunophenotype, but, varied in their chondrogenic potential, and expression of the key chondrogenic proteins. The SFMSCs exhibited a significant increase in GAG content compared to the BMMSCs (P < 0.0001) in three donors, suggesting increased levels of chondrogenesis. The expression of the key chondrogenic proteins correlated positively with the GAG content, suggesting that the differentiation process is dependent on the expression of the target proteins in these three donors. Our findings suggest that even though SFMSCs were hypothesized to be more chondrogenic relative to BMMSCs, there was considerable donor-to-donor variation in the primary cultures of MSCs which can significantly affect their downstream application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Nabil Misk
- Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University , Asyut , Egypt
| | - Madhu S Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
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Fellows CR, Matta C, Zakany R, Khan IM, Mobasheri A. Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. Front Genet 2016; 7:213. [PMID: 28066501 PMCID: PMC5167763 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required and mesenchymal stem cell-based (MSC) therapies are an expanding area of investigation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and exerting paracrine effects. Due to their easy isolation, expansion, and low immunogenicity, MSCs are an attractive option for regenerative medicine for joint repair. Recent studies have identified several MSC tissue reservoirs including in adipose tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, periosteum, and muscle. MSCs isolated from these discrete tissue niches exhibit distinct biological activities, and have enhanced regenerative potentials for different tissue types. Each MSC type has advantages and disadvantages for cartilage repair and their use in a clinical setting is a balance between expediency and effectiveness. In this review we explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using MSC-based cell therapies and provide an overview of phenotype, biological activities, and functional properties for each MSC population. This paper also specifically explores the therapeutic potential of each type of MSC, particularly focusing on which cells are capable of producing stratified hyaline-like articular cartilage regeneration. Finally we highlight areas for future investigation. Given that patients present with a variety of problems it is unlikely that cartilage regeneration will be a simple "one size fits all," but more likely an array of solutions that need to be applied systematically to achieve regeneration of a biomechanically competent repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csaba Matta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Roza Zakany
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilyas M. Khan
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical CentreNottingham, UK
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Whitehouse MR, Howells NR, Parry MC, Austin E, Kafienah W, Brady K, Goodship AE, Eldridge JD, Blom AW, Hollander AP. Repair of Torn Avascular Meniscal Cartilage Using Undifferentiated Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From In Vitro Optimization to a First-in-Human Study. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:1237-1248. [PMID: 28186682 PMCID: PMC5442845 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscal cartilage tears are common and predispose to osteoarthritis (OA). Most occur in the avascular portion of the meniscus where current repair techniques usually fail. We described previously the use of undifferentiated autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded onto a collagen scaffold (MSC/collagen‐scaffold) to integrate meniscal tissues in vitro. Our objective was to translate this method into a cell therapy for patients with torn meniscus, with the long‐term goal of delaying or preventing the onset of OA. After in vitro optimization, we tested an ovine‐MSC/collagen‐scaffold in a sheep meniscal cartilage tear model with promising results after 13 weeks, although repair was not sustained over 6 months. We then conducted a single center, prospective, open‐label first‐in‐human safety study of patients with an avascular meniscal tear. Autologous MSCs were isolated from an iliac crest bone marrow biopsy, expanded and seeded into the collagen scaffold. The resulting human‐MSC/collagen‐scaffold implant was placed into the meniscal tear prior to repair with vertical mattress sutures and the patients were followed for 2 years. Five patients were treated and there was significant clinical improvement on repeated measures analysis. Three were asymptomatic at 24 months with no magnetic resonance imaging evidence of recurrent tear and clinical improvement in knee function scores. Two required subsequent meniscectomy due to retear or nonhealing of the meniscal tear at approximately 15 months after implantation. No other adverse events occurred. We conclude that undifferentiated MSCs could provide a safe way to augment avascular meniscal repair in some patients. Registration: EU Clinical Trials Register, 2010‐024162‐22. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1237–1248
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Whitehouse
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Howells
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Parry
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Austin
- CMT Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Speke, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Kafienah
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kyla Brady
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Allen E Goodship
- Institute of Orthopaedics, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Eldridge
- Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Orthopaedics, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences.,Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Hollander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Azellon Ltd, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Saha A, Rolfe R, Carroll S, Kelly DJ, Murphy P. Chondrogenesis of embryonic limb bud cells in micromass culture progresses rapidly to hypertrophy and is modulated by hydrostatic pressure. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:47-59. [PMID: 27770257 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis in vivo is precisely controlled in time and space. The entire limb skeleton forms from cells at the core of the early limb bud that condense and undergo chondrogenic differentiation. Whether they form stable cartilage at the articular surface of the joint or transient cartilage that progresses to hypertrophy as endochondral bone, replacing the cartilage template of the skeletal rudiment, is spatially controlled over several days in the embryo. Here, we follow the differentiation of cells taken from the early limb bud (embryonic day 11.5), grown in high-density micromass culture and show that a self-organising pattern of evenly spaced cartilage nodules occurs spontaneously in growth medium. Although chondrogenesis is enhanced by addition of BMP6 to the medium, the spatial pattern of nodule formation is disrupted. We show rapid progression of the entire nodule to hypertrophy in culture and therefore loss of the local signals required to direct formation of stable cartilage. Dynamic hydrostatic pressure, which we have previously predicted to be a feature of the forming embryonic joint region, had a stabilising effect on chondrogenesis, reducing expression of hypertrophic marker genes. This demonstrates the use of micromass culture as a relatively simple assay to compare the effect of both biophysical and molecular signals on spatial and temporal control of chondrogenesis that could be used to examine the response of different types of progenitor cell, both adult- and embryo-derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurati Saha
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Rolfe
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Carroll
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Murphy
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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48
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Prenatal exposure to environmental factors and congenital limb defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:243-273. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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49
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Li J, Wang L, Liu Z, Zu C, Xing F, Yang P, Yang Y, Dang X, Wang K. MicroRNA-494 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro by directly targeting SOX9. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26216-29. [PMID: 26317788 PMCID: PMC4694896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of miRNAs could contribute to tumor growth and metastasis of chondrosarcoma by infuencing cell proliferation and invasion. In the current study, we are interested to examine the role of miRNAs in the carcinogenesis and progression of chondrosarcoma. Here, using comparative miRNA profiling of tissues and cells of chondrosarcoma and cartilage, we identified miR-494 as a commonly downregulated miRNA in the tissues of patients with chondrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma cancer cell line, and upregulation of miR-494 could inhibit proliferation and invasion of chondrosarcoma cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, our data demonstrated that SOX9, the essential regulator of the process of cartilage differentiation, was the direct target and functional mediator of miR-494 in chondrosarcoma cells. And downregulation of SOX9 could also inhibit migration and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells. In the last, we identified low expression of miR-494 was significantly correlated with poor overall survival and prognosis of chondrosarcoma patients. Thus, miR-494 may be a new common therapeutic target and prognosis biomarker for chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zongzhi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fanfan Xing
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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50
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Parmar PA, St-Pierre JP, Chow LW, Puetzer JL, Stoichevska V, Peng YY, Werkmeister JA, Ramshaw JAM, Stevens MM. Harnessing the Versatility of Bacterial Collagen to Improve the Chondrogenic Potential of Porous Collagen Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1656-66. [PMID: 27219220 PMCID: PMC5405340 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Collagen I foams are used in the clinic as scaffolds to promote articular cartilage repair as they provide a bioactive environment for cells with chondrogenic potential. However, collagen I as a base material does not allow for precise control over bioactivity. Alternatively, recombinant bacterial collagens can be used as "blank slate" collagen molecules to offer a versatile platform for incorporation of selected bioactive sequences and fabrication into 3D scaffolds. Here, we show the potential of Streptococcal collagen-like 2 (Scl2) protein foams modified with peptides designed to specifically and noncovalently bind hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate to improve chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared to collagen I foams. Specific compositions of functionalized Scl2 foams lead to improved chondrogenesis compared to both nonfunctionalized Scl2 and collagen I foams, as indicated by gene expression, extracellular matrix accumulation, and compression moduli. hMSCs cultured in functionalized Scl2 foams exhibit decreased collagens I and X gene and protein expression, suggesting an advantage over collagen I foams in promoting a chondrocytic phenotype. These highly modular foams can be further modified to improve specific aspects chondrogenesis. As such, these scaffolds also have the potential to be tailored for other regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh A. Parmar
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ, UK; The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lesley W. Chow
- Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Puetzer
- Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Violet Stoichevska
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Yong Y. Peng
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Jerome A. Werkmeister
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - John A. M. Ramshaw
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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