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Naïja A, Mutlu O, Khan T, Seers TD, Yalcin HC. An optimized CT-dense agent perfusion and micro-CT imaging protocol for chick embryo developmental stages. BMC Biomed Eng 2024; 6:3. [PMID: 38654382 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to classical techniques of morphological analysis, micro-CT (μ-CT) has become an effective approach allowing rapid screening of morphological changes. In the present work, we aimed to provide an optimized micro-CT dense agent perfusion protocol and μ-CT guidelines for different stages of chick embryo cardiogenesis. Our study was conducted over a period of 10 embryonic days (Hamburger-Hamilton HH36) in chick embryo hearts. During the perfusion of the micro-CT dense agent at different developmental stages (HH19, HH24, HH27, HH29, HH31, HH34, HH35, and HH36), we demonstrated that durations and volumes of the injected contrast agent gradually increased with the heart developmental stages contrary to the flow rate that was unchanged during the whole experiment. Analysis of the CT imaging confirmed the efficiency of the optimized parameters of the heart perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Naïja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Onur Mutlu
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Talha Khan
- Petroleum Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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2
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Naija A, Mutlu O, Khan T, Seers TD, Yalcin HC. An optimized CT-dense agent perfusion and micro-CT imaging protocol for chick embryo developmental stages.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2541863/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Compared to classical techniques of morphological analysis, micro-CT (µ-CT) has become an effective approach allowing rapid screening of morphological changes. In the present work, we aimed to provide an optimized µ-CT dense agent perfusion protocol and µ-CT guidelines for different stages of chick embryo cardiogenesis. Our study was conducted over a period of 10 embryonic days (Hamburger-Hamilton HH36) in chick embryo hearts. During the perfusion of the µ-CT dense agent at different developmental stages (HH19, HH24, HH27, HH29, HH31, HH34, HH35, and HH36), we demonstrated that durations and volumes of the injected contrast agent gradually increased with the heart developmental stages contrary to the flow rate that was unchanged during the whole experiment. Analysis of the CT imaging confirmed the efficiency of the optimized parameters of the heart perfusion.
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3
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Wlodkowic D, Bownik A, Leitner C, Stengel D, Braunbeck T. Beyond the behavioural phenotype: Uncovering mechanistic foundations in aquatic eco-neurotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154584. [PMID: 35306067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been an increase in awareness of how anthropogenic pollution can alter behavioural traits of diverse aquatic organisms. Apart from understanding profound ecological implications, alterations in neuro-behavioural indices have emerged as sensitive and physiologically integrative endpoints in chemical risk assessment. Accordingly, behavioural ecotoxicology and broader eco-neurotoxicology are becoming increasingly popular fields of research that span a plethora of fundamental laboratory experimentations as well as applied field-based studies. Despite mounting interest in aquatic behavioural ecotoxicology studies, there is, however, a considerable paucity in deciphering the mechanistic foundations underlying behavioural alterations upon exposure to pollutants. The behavioural phenotype is indeed the highest-level integrative neurobiological phenomenon, but at its core lie myriads of intertwined biochemical, cellular, and physiological processes. Therefore, the mechanisms that underlie changes in behavioural phenotypes can stem among others from dysregulation of neurotransmitter pathways, electrical signalling, and cell death of discrete cell populations in the central and peripheral nervous systems. They can, however, also be a result of toxicity to sensory organs and even metabolic dysfunctions. In this critical review, we outline why behavioural phenotyping should be the starting point that leads to actual discovery of fundamental mechanisms underlying actions of neurotoxic and neuromodulating contaminants. We highlight potential applications of the currently existing and emerging neurobiology and neurophysiology analytical strategies that should be embraced and more broadly adopted in behavioural ecotoxicology. Such strategies can provide new mechanistic discoveries instead of only observing the end sum phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Carola Leitner
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Stengel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Sensitivity of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging to visualize skeletal variations and malformations in embryo-fetal development toxicity studies. Reprod Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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A Novel Approach for Investigating Upper Airway Hyperresponsiveness Using Micro-CT in Eosinophilic Upper Airway Inflammation such as Allergic Rhinitis Model. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070252. [PMID: 31252670 PMCID: PMC6681309 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has been proposed as a feature of pathogenesis of eosinophilic upper airway inflammation such as allergic rhinitis (AR). The measurement system for upper AHR (UAHR) in rodents is poorly developed, although measurements of nasal resistance have been reported. Here we assessed UAHR by direct measurement of swelling of the nasal mucosa induced by intranasal methacholine (MCh) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Micro-CT analysis was performed in both naïve and ovalbumin-induced AR mice following intranasal administration of MCh. The nasal cavity was segmented into two-dimensional horizontal and axial planes, and the data for nasal mucosa were acquired for the region of interest threshold. Then, a ratio between the nasal mucosa area and nasal cavity area was calculated as nasal mucosa index. Using our novel method, nasal cavity structure was clearly identified on micro-CT, and dose-dependent increased swelling of the nasal mucosa was observed upon MCh treatment. Moreover, the nasal mucosa index was significantly increased in AR mice compared to controls following MCh treatment, while ovalbumin administration did not affect swelling of the nasal mucosa in either group. This UAHR following MCh treatment was completely reversed by pretreatment with glucocorticoids. This novel approach using micro-CT for investigating UAHR reflects a precise assessment system for swelling of the nasal mucosa following MCh treatment; it not only sheds light on the mechanism of AR but also contributes to the development of new therapeutic drugs in AR patients.
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Campbell BR, Gonzalez Trotter D, Hines CDG, Li W, Patel M, Zhang W, Evelhoch JL. In Vivo Imaging in Pharmaceutical Development and Its Impact on the 3Rs. ILAR J 2017; 57:212-220. [PMID: 28053073 PMCID: PMC5886324 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well understood that the biopharmaceutical industry must improve efficiency along the path from laboratory concept to commercial product. In vivo imaging is recognized as a useful method to provide biomarkers for target engagement, treatment response, safety, and mechanism of action. Imaging biomarkers have the potential to inform the selection of drugs that are more likely to be safe and effective. Most of the imaging modalities for biopharmaceutical research are translatable to the clinic. In vivo imaging does not require removal of tissue to provide biomarkers, thus reducing the number of valuable preclinical subjects required for a study. Longitudinal imaging allows for quantitative intra-subject comparisons, enhancing statistical power, and further reducing the number of subjects needed for the evaluation of treatment effects in animal models. The noninvasive nature of in vivo imaging also provides a valuable approach to alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering or distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry R Campbell
- Barry R. Campbell is an Associate Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Kenilworth, New Jersey. Dinko Gonzalez Trotter, PhD, is a Senior Director in Early Clinical Development at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in Tarrytown, New York. Catherine D. Hines, PhD is a Director in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Manishkumar Patel, PhD is a Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Weisheng Zhang is a Senior Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Boston, Massachusetts. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, PhD, is Vice President of Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Dinko Gonzalez Trotter
- Barry R. Campbell is an Associate Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Kenilworth, New Jersey. Dinko Gonzalez Trotter, PhD, is a Senior Director in Early Clinical Development at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in Tarrytown, New York. Catherine D. Hines, PhD is a Director in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Manishkumar Patel, PhD is a Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Weisheng Zhang is a Senior Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Boston, Massachusetts. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, PhD, is Vice President of Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine D G Hines
- Barry R. Campbell is an Associate Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Kenilworth, New Jersey. Dinko Gonzalez Trotter, PhD, is a Senior Director in Early Clinical Development at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in Tarrytown, New York. Catherine D. Hines, PhD is a Director in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Manishkumar Patel, PhD is a Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Weisheng Zhang is a Senior Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Boston, Massachusetts. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, PhD, is Vice President of Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Wenping Li
- Barry R. Campbell is an Associate Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Kenilworth, New Jersey. Dinko Gonzalez Trotter, PhD, is a Senior Director in Early Clinical Development at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in Tarrytown, New York. Catherine D. Hines, PhD is a Director in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Manishkumar Patel, PhD is a Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Weisheng Zhang is a Senior Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Boston, Massachusetts. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, PhD, is Vice President of Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Barry R. Campbell is an Associate Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Kenilworth, New Jersey. Dinko Gonzalez Trotter, PhD, is a Senior Director in Early Clinical Development at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in Tarrytown, New York. Catherine D. Hines, PhD is a Director in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Manishkumar Patel, PhD is a Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Weisheng Zhang is a Senior Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Boston, Massachusetts. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, PhD, is Vice President of Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Weisheng Zhang
- Barry R. Campbell is an Associate Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Kenilworth, New Jersey. Dinko Gonzalez Trotter, PhD, is a Senior Director in Early Clinical Development at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in Tarrytown, New York. Catherine D. Hines, PhD is a Director in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Manishkumar Patel, PhD is a Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Weisheng Zhang is a Senior Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Boston, Massachusetts. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, PhD, is Vice President of Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey L Evelhoch
- Barry R. Campbell is an Associate Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Kenilworth, New Jersey. Dinko Gonzalez Trotter, PhD, is a Senior Director in Early Clinical Development at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., in Tarrytown, New York. Catherine D. Hines, PhD is a Director in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Manishkumar Patel, PhD is a Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania. Weisheng Zhang is a Senior Principal Scientist in Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in Boston, Massachusetts. Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, PhD, is Vice President of Translational Biomarkers at Merck Research Laboratories in West Point, Pennsylvania
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7
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Solomon HM, Murzyn S, Rendemonti J, Chapman S, Skedzielewski T, Jucker BM, Stanislaus D, Alsaid H. The use of micro-CT imaging to examine and illustrate fetal skeletal abnormalities in Dutch Belted rabbits and to prove concordance with Alizarin Red stained skeletal examination. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:276-298. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard M. Solomon
- Reproductive Toxicology, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Stacia Murzyn
- Reproductive Toxicology, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Joyce Rendemonti
- Reproductive Toxicology, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon Chapman
- Reproductive Toxicology, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Tinamarie Skedzielewski
- Bioimaging, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Beat M. Jucker
- Bioimaging, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Dinesh Stanislaus
- Reproductive Toxicology, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
| | - Hasan Alsaid
- Bioimaging, Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals; King of Prussia Pennsylvania
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8
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Cengiz IF, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Micro-computed tomography characterization of tissue engineering scaffolds: effects of pixel size and rotation step. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:129. [PMID: 28721665 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of micro-structure of materials is of key importance in many fields including tissue engineering, biology, and dentistry. Micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) is an intensively used non-destructive technique. However, the acquisition parameters such as pixel size and rotation step may have significant effects on the obtained results. In this study, a set of tissue engineering scaffolds including examples of natural and synthetic polymers, and ceramics were analyzed. We comprehensively compared the quantitative results of µ-CT characterization using 15 acquisition scenarios that differ in the combination of the pixel size and rotation step. The results showed that the acquisition parameters could statistically significantly affect the quantified mean porosity, mean pore size, and mean wall thickness of the scaffolds. The effects are also practically important since the differences can be as high as 24% regarding the mean porosity in average, and 19.5 h and 166 GB regarding the characterization time and data storage per sample with a relatively small volume. This study showed in a quantitative manner the effects of such a wide range of acquisition scenarios on the final data, as well as the characterization time and data storage per sample. Herein, a clear picture of the effects of the pixel size and rotation step on the results is provided which can notably be useful to refine the practice of µ-CT characterization of scaffolds and economize the related resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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9
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Hutchinson JC, Shelmerdine SC, Simcock IC, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ. Early clinical applications for imaging at microscopic detail: microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT). Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20170113. [PMID: 28368658 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfocus CT (micro-CT) has traditionally been used in industry and preclinical studies, although it may find new applicability in the routine clinical setting. It can provide high-resolution three-dimensional digital imaging data sets to the same level of detail as microscopic examination without the need for tissue dissection. Micro-CT is already enabling non-invasive detailed internal assessment of various tissue specimens, particularly in breast imaging and early gestational fetal autopsy, not previously possible from more conventional modalities such as MRI or CT. In this review, we discuss the technical aspects behind micro-CT image acquisition, how early work with small animal studies have informed our knowledge of human disease and the imaging performed so far on human tissue specimens. We conclude with potential future clinical applications of this novel and emerging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ciaran Hutchinson
- 1 Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Susan C Shelmerdine
- 2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,3 Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian C Simcock
- 2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,3 Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- 1 Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- 2 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,3 Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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10
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Ozeki N, Hase N, Hiyama T, Yamaguchi H, Kawai-Asano R, Nakata K, Mogi M. RETRACTED: MicroRNA-211 and autophagy-related gene 14 signaling regulate osteoblast-like cell differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Solomon HM, Makris SL, Alsaid H, Bermudez O, Beyer BK, Chen A, Chen CL, Chen Z, Chmielewski G, DeLise AM, de Schaepdrijver L, Dogdas B, French J, Harrouk W, Helfgott J, Henkelman RM, Hesterman J, Hew KW, Hoberman A, Lo CW, McDougal A, Minck DR, Scott L, Stewart J, Sutherland V, Tatiparthi AK, Winkelmann CT, Wise LD, Wood SL, Ying X. Micro-CT imaging: Developing criteria for examining fetal skeletons in regulatory developmental toxicology studies - A workshop report. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 77:100-8. [PMID: 26930635 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades the use and refinements of imaging modalities have markedly increased making it possible to image embryos and fetuses used in pivotal nonclinical studies submitted to regulatory agencies. Implementing these technologies into the Good Laboratory Practice environment requires rigorous testing, validation, and documentation to ensure the reproducibility of data. A workshop on current practices and regulatory requirements was held with the goal of defining minimal criteria for the proper implementation of these technologies and subsequent submission to regulatory agencies. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is especially well suited for high-throughput evaluations, and is gaining popularity to evaluate fetal skeletons to assess the potential developmental toxicity of test agents. This workshop was convened to help scientists in the developmental toxicology field understand and apply micro-CT technology to nonclinical toxicology studies and facilitate the regulatory acceptance of imaging data. Presentations and workshop discussions covered: (1) principles of micro-CT fetal imaging; (2) concordance of findings with conventional skeletal evaluations; and (3) regulatory requirements for validating the system. Establishing these requirements for micro-CT examination can provide a path forward for laboratories considering implementing this technology and provide regulatory agencies with a basis to consider the acceptability of data generated via this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan L Makris
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Hasan Alsaid
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | - Oscar Bermudez
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Antong Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | - Connie L Chen
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Zhou Chen
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Anthony M DeLise
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
| | | | - Belma Dogdas
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | - Julian French
- Morphology Consulting Ltd., Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Wafa Harrouk
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - R Mark Henkelman
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Kok-Wah Hew
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Deerfield, IL, United States
| | - Alan Hoberman
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew McDougal
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Daniel R Minck
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lelia Scott
- Charles River Laboratories, Preclinical Services, Horsham, PA, United States
| | | | - Vicki Sutherland
- National Toxicology Program/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | | | - L David Wise
- Independent Teratologist, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sandra L Wood
- Merck Research Laboratories, Upper Gwynedd, PA, United States
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12
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Chahoud I, Talsness C, Walter A, Grote K. Postnatal investigation of prenatally induced effects on the vertebral column of rats reduces the uncertainty of classification of anomalies. Reprod Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Fang S, Deng Y, Gu P, Fan X. MicroRNAs regulate bone development and regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8227-53. [PMID: 25872144 PMCID: PMC4425078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding ~22-nt RNAs, which have been reported to play a crucial role in maintaining bone development and metabolism. Osteogenesis originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into mature osteoblasts and each period of bone formation is inseparable from the delicate regulation of various miRNAs. Of note, apprehending the sophisticated circuit between miRNAs and osteogenic homeostasis is of great value for artificial skeletal regeneration for severe bone defects. In this review, we highlight how different miRNAs interact with diverse osteo-related genes and endeavor to sketch the contours of potential manipulations of miRNA-modulated bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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14
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De Schaepdrijver L, Delille P, Geys H, Boehringer-Shahidi C, Vanhove C. In vivo longitudinal micro-CT study of bent long limb bones in rat offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 46:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Powles-Glover N, De Schaepdrijver L, French J, Stewart J. Comparison of Faxitron™ versus MicroCT imaging of the skeleton of the suckling rat. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 48:44-50. [PMID: 24814681 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, in pre and postnatal development studies or in juvenile rat studies, bone growth is assessed "for cause" by simple measurements of long bone length in vivo and at termination. This manuscript compares two radiographic methods for in vivo assessment of long bones in suckling rats; 2D imaging using a Faxitron™ and 3D imaging using μCT. This paper illustrates that it is possible to image the unanaesthetised postnatal day 1 rat by Faxitron™ using a simple Micropore™ tape restraint method. With isoflurane anaesthesia, it was possible to obtain high quality μCT images of pups from day of birth. No pups were rejected by their mothers following either technique. The Faxitron™ was straightforward and fast, however the μCT 3D images were of greater overall utility. Either method could be used for longitudinal investigation of long bone observations made previously in embryofetal development studies, or for other mechanistic work.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Powles-Glover
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines, Drug Safety & Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
| | | | - J French
- Morphology Consulting Ltd., United Kingdom.
| | - J Stewart
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines, Drug Safety & Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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French JM. Imaging and morphology in reproductive toxicology - progress to date and future directions. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 48:37-40. [PMID: 24681297 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review looks at the recent development and application of imaging techniques for the morphological examination of fetuses from preclinical regulatory reproductive toxicology studies. Full replacement of the examination methods currently used in routine studies (microdissection, Bouin's fluid fixation/sectioning and alizarin red S/alcian blue preparations) by imaging techniques has yet to be achieved. Progress, especially in the application of micro-CT for skeletal examination, has been made but challenges, particularly the financial investment required, remain. Despite this apparent lack of progress the application of imaging techniques to "non-routine" preclinical reproductive toxicology studies has been used to good effect. The ability to acquire multiple images over a time course i.e. longitudinally has enabled the fate, particularly of skeletal features, to be determined. The additional evidence gained from such studies can be used to better inform the prenatal developmental hazard assessment of test compounds.
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