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Sun Z, Huo J, Tian Y, Liu M, Liu Y, Xu M, Yin Q. Adult hair follicle stem cells differentiate into neuronal cells in explanted rat intestinal tissue. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:689-696. [PMID: 38656569 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are adult stem cells located in the outer root sheath of the follicle bulge with high neural plasticity, which promise a potential for the stem cell therapy for neurological diseases. Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is characterized by the absence of ganglia in the distant bowel. In this study, we elucidated the capacity of HFSCs to differentiate into neuronal cells in the aganglionic colon from embryonic rat. HFSCs were isolated from adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and formed spheres that could be passaged. The cultured HFSCs expressed neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) markers such as SOX10, CD34, and nestin, which indicated their neural crest lineage. Subsequent differentiation assays demonstrated that these cells could give rise to neural progeny that expressed neuronal or glial markers. The aganglionic colon from the embryonic intestine was applied as in vitro explant to test the capacity of proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. The HFSCs expressing GFP or RFP integrated in intestinal explants and maintained proliferative capacity. Moreover, the HFSCs differentiated into Tuj1- or S100β-positive cells in the cultured intestinal explants. The results proposed that the HFSCs might be an alternative source of neural stem cells for the HD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyin Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiashi Huo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongshen Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiyou Yin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Karimi-Haghighi S, Pandamooz S, Jurek B, Fattahi S, Safari A, Azarpira N, Dianatpour M, Hooshmandi E, Bayat M, Owjfard M, Zafarmand SS, Mostaghel M, Mousavi SM, Jashire Nezhad N, Eraghi V, Fadakar N, Rahimi Jaberi A, Garcia-Esperon C, Spratt N, Levi C, Salehi MS, Borhani-Haghighi A. From Hair to the Brain: The Short-Term Therapeutic Potential of Human Hair Follicle-Derived Stem Cells and Their Conditioned Medium in a Rat Model of Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2587-2601. [PMID: 36694047 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The short-term therapeutic impacts of stem cells and their derivatives were frequently reported in preclinical investigations of ischemic stroke (IS); however, several drawbacks including accessibility, abundancy, and ethical concerns limited their clinical application. We describe here for the first time the therapeutic potential of human hair follicle-derived stem cells (hHFSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) in a rat model of IS. Furthermore, we hypothesized that a combination of cell therapy with repeated CM administration might enhance the restorative efficiency of this approach compared to each treatment alone. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed for 30 min to induce IS. Immediately after reperfusion, hHFSCs were transplanted through the intra-arterial route and/or hHFSC-CM administered intranasally. The neurological outcomes, short-term spatial working memory, and infarct size were evaluated. Furthermore, relative expression of seven target genes in three categories of neuronal markers, synaptic markers, and angiogenic markers was assessed. The hHFSCs and hHFSC-CM treatments improved neurological impairments and reduced infarct size in the IS rats. Moreover, molecular data elucidated that IS was accompanied by attenuation in the expression of neuronal and synaptic markers in the evaluated brain regions and the interventions rescued these expression changes. Although there was no considerable difference between hHFSCs and hHFSC-CM treatments in the improvement of neurological function and decrement of infarct size, combination therapy was more effective to reduce infarction and elevation of target gene expression especially in the hippocampus. These findings highlight the curative potential of hHFSCs and their CM in a rat model of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Mostaghel
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Jashire Nezhad
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vida Eraghi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nima Fadakar
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Jaberi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Carlos Garcia-Esperon
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Neil Spratt
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Christopher Levi
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afshin Borhani-Haghighi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
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Pandamooz S, Jurek B, Dianatpour M, Haerteis S, Limm K, Oefner PJ, Dargahi L, Borhani-Haghighi A, Miyan JA, Salehi MS. The beneficial effects of chick embryo extract preconditioning on hair follicle stem cells: A promising strategy to generate Schwann cells. Cell Prolif 2023:e13397. [PMID: 36631409 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of hair follicle stem cells in different animal models of nervous system conditions have been extensively studied. While chick embryo extract (CEE) has been used as a growth medium supplement for these stem cells, this is the first study to show the effect of CEE on them. The rat hair follicle stem cells were isolated and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum plus 10% CEE. The migration rate, proliferative capacity and multipotency were evaluated along with morphometric alteration and differentiation direction. The proteome analysis of CEE content identified effective factors of CEE that probably regulate fate and function of stem cells. The CEE enhances the migration rate of stem cells from explanted bulges as well as their proliferation, likely due to activation of AP-1 and translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) by thioredoxin found in CEE. The increased length of outgrowth may be the result of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation triggered by active CamKII contained in CEE. Further, CEE supplementation upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. The elevated expression of target genes and proteins may be due to CREB, AP-1 and c-Myc activation in these stem cells. Given the increased transcript levels of neurotrophins, VEGF, and the expression of PDGFR-α, S100B, MBP and SOX-10 protein, it is possible that CEE promotes the fate of these stem cells towards Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Limm
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mousavi SM, Akbarpour B, Karimi-Haghighi S, Pandamooz S, Belém-Filho IJA, Masís-Calvo M, Salimi H, Lashanizadegan R, Pouramini A, Owjfard M, Hooshmandi E, Bayat M, Zafarmand SS, Dianatpour M, Salehi MS, Borhani-Haghighi A. Therapeutic potential of hair follicle-derived stem cell intranasal transplantation in a rat model of ischemic stroke. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:47. [PMID: 35879657 PMCID: PMC9316709 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-based therapy has received considerable attention as a potential candidate in the treatment of ischemic stroke; however, employing an appropriate type of stem cells and an effective delivery route are still challenging. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of safe, noninvasive, and brain-targeted intranasal administration of hair follicle-derived stem cells (HFSCs) in a rat model of ischemic stroke. METHODS Stem cells were obtained from the adult rat hair follicles. In experiment 1, stroke was induced by 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and stem cells were intranasally transplanted immediately after ischemia. In experiment 2, stroke was induced by 120 min MCAO and stem cells were administered 24 h after cerebral ischemia. In all experimental groups, neurological performance, short-term spatial working memory and infarct volume were assessed. Moreover, relative expression of major trophic factors in the striatum and cortex was evaluated by the quantitative PCR technique. The end point of experiment 1 was day 3 and the end point of experiment 2 was day 15. RESULTS In both experiments, intranasal administration of HFSCs improved functional performance and decreased infarct volume compared to the MCAO rats. Furthermore, NeuN and VEGF expression were higher in the transplanted group and stem cell therapy partially prevented BDNF and neurotrophin-3 over-expression induced by cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the curative potential of HFSCs following intranasal transplantation in a rat model of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.,Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Akbarpour
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
| | | | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Haniye Salimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Lashanizadegan
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Pouramini
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Owjfard
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Dawes JHP, Kelsh RN. Cell Fate Decisions in the Neural Crest, from Pigment Cell to Neural Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13531. [PMID: 34948326 PMCID: PMC8706606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest shows an astonishing multipotency, generating multiple neural derivatives, but also pigment cells, skeletogenic and other cell types. The question of how this process is controlled has been the subject of an ongoing debate for more than 35 years. Based upon new observations of zebrafish pigment cell development, we have recently proposed a novel, dynamic model that we believe goes some way to resolving the controversy. Here, we will firstly summarize the traditional models and the conflicts between them, before outlining our novel model. We will also examine our recent dynamic modelling studies, looking at how these reveal behaviors compatible with the biology proposed. We will then outline some of the implications of our model, looking at how it might modify our views of the processes of fate specification, differentiation, and commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. P. Dawes
- Centre for Networks and Collective Behaviour, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Robert N. Kelsh
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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The Use and Delivery of Stem Cells in Nerve Regeneration: Preclinical Evidence and Regulatory Considerations. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 80:448-456. [PMID: 29166311 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain poor despite the regenerative capacity displayed by the peripheral nervous system. Current therapies are limited and do not provide satisfactory functional recovery in a multitude of cases. Biomaterials have decreased the need for nerve autograft across small nerve gaps in small-caliber nerves, but the lack of a cellular substrate presents a limiting factor to the effectiveness of this therapy. Schwann cells are the supportive cells in the peripheral nervous system and play an integral role in the physiological response and regeneration following nerve injury. Limitations to autologous Schwann cells include donor site morbidity during harvesting, limited expansion capability, and finite source. Stem cells are multipotent or pluripotent cells with self-renewing capabilities that show promise to improve functional recovery following nerve injury. Differentiation of stem cells into supportive Schwann cells could provide additional trophic support without the disadvantages of autologous Schwann cells, providing an avenue to improve existing therapies. A variety of stem cells have been evaluated in animal models for this clinical application; the current options, along with their clinical feasibility, are summarized in this article.
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Peng CK, Wu SY, Tang SE, Li MH, Lin SS, Chu SJ, Huang KL. Protective Effects of Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cell-Conditioned Media against Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Lung Injury in Rats. Inflammation 2018; 40:1532-1542. [PMID: 28534140 PMCID: PMC7102066 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung injury are limited. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (CM) has been reported to attenuate lung injury. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), a type of multipotent stem cells, are more easily obtained than mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesize that NCSC-CM has anti-inflammatory properties that could protect against IR-induced lung injury in rats. In this study, NCSC-CM was derived from rat NCSCs. Typical acute lung injury was induced by 30-min ischemia followed by 90-min reperfusion in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected to analyze the degree of lung injury after the experiment. NCSC-CM was administered before ischemia and after reperfusion. NCSC-CM treatment significantly attenuated IR-induced lung edema, as indicated by decreases in pulmonary vascular permeability, lung weight gain, wet to dry weight ratio, lung weight to body weight ratio, pulmonary arterial pressure, and protein level in BALF. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the BALF were also significantly decreased. Additionally, NCSC-CM improved lung pathology and neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissue, and significantly suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and IκB-α degradation in the lung. However, heating NCSC-CM eliminated these protective effects. Our experiment demonstrates that NCSC-CM treatment decreases IR-induced acute lung injury and that the protective mechanism may be attributable to the inhibition of NF-κB activation and the inflammatory response. Therefore, NCSC-CM may be a novel approach for treating IR-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kan Peng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shiuan Lin
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Ming-Chuan East Road, Section 6, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Ming-Chuan East Road, Section 6, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Using Stem Cells to Grow Artificial Tissue for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7502178. [PMID: 27212954 PMCID: PMC4861803 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7502178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury continues to pose a clinical hurdle despite its frequency and advances in treatment. Unlike the central nervous system, neurons of the peripheral nervous system have a greater ability to regenerate. However, due to a number of confounding factors, this is often both incomplete and inadequate. The lack of supportive Schwann cells or their inability to maintain a regenerative phenotype is a major factor. Advances in nervous system tissue engineering technology have led to efforts to build Schwann cell scaffolds to overcome this and enhance the regenerative capacity of neurons following injury. Stem cells that can differentiate along a neural lineage represent an essential resource and starting material for this process. In this review, we discuss the different stem cell types that are showing promise for nervous system tissue engineering in the context of peripheral nerve injury. We also discuss some of the biological, practical, ethical, and commercial considerations in using these different stem cells for future clinical application.
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RUSU E, NECULA LG, NEAGU AI, ALECU M, STAN C, ALBULESCU R, TANASE CP. Current status of stem cell therapy: opportunities and limitations. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1506-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Sakaue M, Sieber-Blum M. Human epidermal neural crest stem cells as a source of Schwann cells. Development 2015; 142:3188-97. [PMID: 26251357 PMCID: PMC4582175 DOI: 10.1242/dev.123034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We show that highly pure populations of human Schwann cells can be derived rapidly and in a straightforward way, without the need for genetic manipulation, from human epidermal neural crest stem cells [hEPI-NCSC(s)] present in the bulge of hair follicles. These human Schwann cells promise to be a useful tool for cell-based therapies, disease modelling and drug discovery. Schwann cells are glia that support axons of peripheral nerves and are direct descendants of the embryonic neural crest. Peripheral nerves are damaged in various conditions, including through trauma or tumour-related surgery, and Schwann cells are required for their repair and regeneration. Schwann cells also promise to be useful for treating spinal cord injuries. Ex vivo expansion of hEPI-NCSC isolated from hair bulge explants, manipulating the WNT, sonic hedgehog and TGFβ signalling pathways, and exposure of the cells to pertinent growth factors led to the expression of the Schwann cell markers SOX10, KROX20 (EGR2), p75NTR (NGFR), MBP and S100B by day 4 in virtually all cells, and maturation was completed by 2 weeks of differentiation. Gene expression profiling demonstrated expression of transcripts for neurotrophic and angiogenic factors, as well as JUN, all of which are essential for nerve regeneration. Co-culture of hEPI-NCSC-derived human Schwann cells with rodent dorsal root ganglia showed interaction of the Schwann cells with axons, providing evidence of Schwann cell functionality. We conclude that hEPI-NCSCs are a biologically relevant source for generating large and highly pure populations of human Schwann cells. Summary: Human epidermal neural crest stem cells isolated from the bulge of hair follicles are used to derive Schwann cells that could be useful for regenerative therapies, disease modelling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Sakaue
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Maya Sieber-Blum
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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