1
|
Wang D, Zhang L, Shao G, Yang S, Tao S, Fang K, Zhang X. 6-mT 0-120-Hz magnetic fields differentially affect cellular ATP levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28237-28247. [PMID: 30074140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an indispensable molecule that provides energy for essentially all cellular processes, has been shown to be affected by some magnetic fields (MFs). Although people are frequently exposed to various static and power frequency MFs in their daily lives, the exact effects of these MFs of different frequencies have not been systematically investigated. Here, we tested 6-mT MFs with 0, 50, and 120 Hz for their effects on cellular ATP levels in 11 different cell lines. We found that the 6-mT static magnetic field (SMF) either does not affect or increase cellular ATP levels, while 6-mT 50-Hz MF either does not affect or decrease cellular ATP levels. In contrast, 6-mT 120-Hz MF has variable effects. We examined the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in four different cell lines, but did not find their direct correlation with ATP levels. Although none of the ATP level changes induced by these three different frequencies of 6-mT MFs are dramatic, these results may be used to explain some differential cellular responses of various cell lines to different frequency MFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Guangze Shao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shengwei Tao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Fang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on catalase, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide synthase in erythro-leukemic cells. Life Sci 2015; 121:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
3
|
Zhu H, Wang J, Cui J, Fan X. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on human fetal scleral fibroblasts. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1042-51. [PMID: 25147305 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714545837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human fetal scleral fibroblasts (HFSFs). HFSFs were subjected to 50 Hz artificial ELF-EMFs generated by Helmholtz coils with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mT field intensities for 6 to 48 h. The viability and factors involved in scleral structuring of HFSFs were determined. The growth rate of HFSFs significantly decreased after only 24 h of exposure to ELF-EMFs (0.2 mT). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of collagen type I (COL1A1) decreased and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) increased significantly. There was a decrease in tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 mRNA levels between treated and control cells only at the 1.0 mT intensity level. Transforming growth factor beta-2 mRNA increased in exposed cells, and, simultaneously, fibroblast growth factor-2 mRNA levels decreased. The protein expressions of COL1A1 and MMP-2 were also significantly altered subsequent to exposure (p < 0.05). This study shows that ELF-EMFs had biological effects on HFSFs and could cause abnormality in scleral collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu H, Cai X, Fan X. Effect of puerarin on matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human fetal scleral fibroblasts treated with low frequency electromagnetic fields. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2013; 33:664-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(14)60039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
5
|
Sagdilek E, Sebik O, Celebi G. Does the magnetic field of a magnetic stirrer in an optical aggregometer affect concurrent platelet aggregation? Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:349-57. [PMID: 23436227 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are subjected to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields during standard aggregometry measurements owing to the use of a magnetic stir bar in the instrument. This study evaluates the effects of this magnetic field exposure on platelet aggregation by comparing the results obtained in a modified aggregometer. Blood samples from healthy volunteers were anticoagulated using citrate or heparin. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples were prepared. A mechanical stirring device was attached to the aggregometer instead of the magnetic stir bar system. The PRP samples were stirred using a stirring rod tip that did not produce any magnetic fields in one channel of the aggregometer; in the other channel, a stirring rod carrying a small magnet at its tip was used. As a result, a magnetic field in the extremely low frequency range and in the amplitude range of 1.9-65 mT was applied to the platelets assigned to the channel where the magnetic stirring rod tip was used. Aggregation was induced using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, or epinephrine. The slopes, maximum aggregation values, and areas under the aggregation curves were compared between the magnetic and neutral stirring rod tip groups. For samples stirred with the magnetic stirring rod tip, a significant decrease was observed in 12 of the 14 parameters evaluated for aggregations induced with ADP or collagen compared to the neutral stirring rod tip, regardless of the method used for anticoagulation. This observation indicates that the magnetic stir bars used in standard aggregometry may significantly alter aggregation parameters and platelets may be possible targets of electromagnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Engin Sagdilek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alterations in adenylate kinase activity in human PBMCs after in vitro exposure to electromagnetic field: comparison between extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF) and therapeutic application of a musically modulated electromagnetic field (TAMMEF). J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:717941. [PMID: 19763276 PMCID: PMC2744884 DOI: 10.1155/2009/717941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of electromagnetic fields on enzymes involved in purine
metabolism in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Cells were obtained from 20
volunteers. We tested both low-energy, extremely low frequency (ELF; 100-Hz) electromagnetic
fields and the Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields
(TAMMEFs); the latter is characterized by variable frequencies, intensities, and wave shapes.
Adenylate kinase activity was increased after ELF field exposure but decreased slightly after
TAMMEF exposure. Neither of the two electromagnetic field affected the activities of the purine
metabolism enzymes ecto-5′-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine kinase. We concluded that ELF fields may influence cellular electrical charge stability; stimulation of adenylate kinase activity could restore the cell to a state of equilibrium. In contrast, TAMMEF fields may be useful for maintaining and regulating the cellular electrical charge.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ravera S, Falugi C, Calzia D, Pepe IM, Panfoli I, Morelli A. First Cell Cycles of Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Are Dramatically Impaired by Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field. Biol Reprod 2006; 75:948-53. [PMID: 16957026 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus to an electromagnetic field of 75-Hz frequency and low amplitudes (from 0.75 to 2.20 mT of magnetic component) leads to a dramatic loss of synchronization of the first cell cycle, with formation of anomalous embryos linked to irregular separation of chromatids during the mitotic events. Because acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) is thought to regulate the embryonic first developmental events of the sea urchin, its enzymatic activity was assayed in embryo homogenates and decreased by 48% when the homogenates were exposed to the same pulsed field. This enzymatic inactivation had a threshold of about 0.75 +/- 0.01 mT. The same field threshold was found for the effect on the formation of anomalous embryos of P. lividus. Moreover, ACHE inhibitors seem to induce the same teratological effects as those caused by the field, while blockers of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are able to antagonize those effects. We conclude that one of the main causes of these dramatic effects on the early development of the sea urchin by field exposure could be the accumulation of ACh due to ACHE inactivation. The crucial role of the membrane in determining the conditions for enzyme inactivation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Biology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morelli A, Ravera S, Panfoli I, Pepe IM. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on membrane-associated enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 441:191-8. [PMID: 16126157 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields of 75 Hz were studied on different membrane-associated enzymes. Only the activities of three enzymes out of seven exposed to the field decreased approximately of about 54-61% with field amplitudes above a threshold of 73-151 microT depending on the enzyme. The same field had no effect on the activities of either integral membrane enzymes such as Ca,ATPase, Na/K,ATPase, and succinic dehydrogenase or peripheral membrane enzymes such as photoreceptor PDE. The decrease in enzymatic activity of the field-sensitive enzymes was independent of the time of permanence in the field and was completely reversible. When these enzymes were solubilized with Triton, no effect of the field was obtained on the enzymatic activity, suggesting the crucial role of the membrane in determining the conditions for enzyme inactivation. The role of the particular linkage of the field-sensitive enzymes to the membranes is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Morelli
- Department of DIBISAA, University of Genoa, viale Benedetto XV, 3 Genova 16131, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sakurai T, Koyama S, Komatsubara Y, Jin W, Miyakoshi J. Decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion following exposure to magnetic fields. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 332:28-32. [PMID: 15896294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from HIT-T15 cells and investigated the mechanisms of these effects. We demonstrated that exposure to ELFMF at 5mT decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by preventing the increases in cellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate/adenosine 5'-diphosphate, membrane depolarization, and cytosolic free calcium ion concentration. The glucose-induced upregulation of insulin mRNA expression was also attenuated by exposure to ELFMF, although cell viability was not affected. These findings demonstrate the potential of exposure to ELFMF for clinical use as a novel inhibitory method of insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sakurai
- Department of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|