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Wang S, Wen X, Fan Z, Ding X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Yu W. Research advancements on nerve guide conduits for nerve injury repair. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:627-637. [PMID: 38517315 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the most serious causes of disability and loss of work capacity of younger individuals. Although PNS has a certain degree of regeneration, there are still challenges like disordered growth, neuroma formation, and incomplete regeneration. Regarding the management of PNI, conventional methods such as surgery, pharmacotherapy, and rehabilitative therapy. Treatment strategies vary depending on the severity of the injury. While for the long nerve defect, autologous nerve grafting is commonly recognized as the preferred surgical approach. Nevertheless, due to lack of donor sources, neurological deficits and the low regeneration efficiency of grafted nerves, nerve guide conduits (NGCs) are recognized as a future promising technology in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current treatments for PNI, and discusses NGCs from different perspectives, such as material, design, fabrication process, and composite function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoushuai Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinggui Wen
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheyuan Fan
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhongling Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Yu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun City 130033, Jilin Province, China
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Keyan Z, Liqian Z, Xinzhong X, Juehua J, Chungui X. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improved Peripheral Nerve Regeneration After Delayed Repair of One Month. Bioelectromagnetics 2023; 44:133-143. [PMID: 37277911 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine if postoperative pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) could improve the neuromuscular rehabilitation after delayed repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, control group, and PEMFs group. The sciatic nerves were transected except for the control group. One month later, the nerve ends of the former two groups were reconnected. PEMFs group of rats was subjected to PEMFs thereafter. Control group and sham group received no treatment. Four and 8 weeks later, morphological and functional changes were measured. Four and eight weeks postoperatively, compared to sham group, the sciatic functional indices (SFIs) of PEMFs group were higher. More axons regenerated distally in PEMFs group. The fiber diameters of PEMFs group were larger. However, the axon diameters and myelin thicknesses were not different between these two groups. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions were higher in PEMFs group after 8 weeks. Semi-quantitative IOD analysis for the intensity of positive staining indicated that there were more BDNF, VEGF, and NF200 in PEMFs group. It's concluded that PEMFs have effect on the axonal regeneration after delayed nerve repair of one month. The upregulated expressions of BDNF and VEGF may play roles in this process. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Keyan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhang Liqian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Xinzhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Juehua
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Chungui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Lee SY, Kim B, Lee SH, Ju K, Kim SM, Lee JH, Pang K. Biomechanical microenvironmental stimulating effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on the regeneration of crush injured rat sciatic nerve. Biomed Eng Lett 2023; 13:235-243. [PMID: 37124111 PMCID: PMC10130313 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-023-00276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the biomechanical microenvironmental stimulating effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the regeneration of crush-injured rat sciatic nerve, when combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF-β), in the form of an adenoviral vector-mediated NGF. Sprague-Dawley rats were equally distributed into six groups; PBS, BMSC, NGF-Ad + BMSC, PEMF + PBS, PEMF + BMSC and PEMF + NGF-Ad + BMSC. The PBS group received PBS (volume: 10μL/rat), the BMSC group with BMSCs (1 × 106 cell/10 μL/rat) and NGF-Ad group with the rhNGF-β Ad infected BMSCs (1 × 106 cell/10 μL/rat) immediate after right sciatic nerve crush injury. The PEMF groups were exposed to PEMF of 1mT, 50 Hz, 1 h/day. The rats were observed for 3 weeks. PEMF alone did not showed the positive effect compared with negative control group. The groups transplanted with BMSCs showed higher axonal regeneration compared with the groups without transplantation of the cells whether BMSC was infected with NGF-Ad or not and whether the animals received PEMF. PEMF + NGF-Ad + BMSC group showed the significantly highest number of axons than the other groups. Functionally, all groups showed marked improvement at 3 weeks postoperatively although the difference was not statistically significant among the groups. PEMF showed the positive effect when combined with BMSC and NGF-ad in aspect of number of axons. Therefore, combining the microenvironment stimulation methods of PEMF and conventional methods such as transplantation of stem cells and growth factor could be considered for the regeneration methods in the nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yoon Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Ju
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung-Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Oral Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Il-San, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - KangMi Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Gwanak Dental Hospital, 1, Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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4
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Huang L, Sun X, Wang L, Pei G, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Liang Z, Wang D, Fu C, He C, Wei Q. Enhanced effect of combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) to promote recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e160. [PMID: 35949547 PMCID: PMC9350428 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive traumatic disease of the central nervous system without satisfying therapy efficiency. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) therapy promotes the neurotrophic factors' secretion and axonal regeneration, thereby promoting recovery of SCI. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) therapy has been proven to promote neural growth and regeneration. Both BMMSCs and PEMF have shown curative effects for SCI; PEMF can further promote stem cell differentiation. Thus, we explored the combined effects of BMMSCs and PEMF and the potential interaction between these two therapies in SCI. Compared with the SCI control, BMMSCs, and PEMF groups, the combinational therapy displayed the best therapeutic effect. Combinational therapy increased the expression levels of nutritional factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factors (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), enhanced neuron preservation (NeuN and NF-200), and increased axonal growth (MBP and myelin sheath). Additionally, PEMF promoted the expression levels of BDNF and VEGF in BMMSCs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, the combined therapy of BMMSCs and PEMF displayed a more satisfactory effect than BMMSCs and PEMF therapy alone, indicating a promising application of combined therapy for the therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Xin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Gaiqing Pei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Zejun Liang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
- Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Chengqi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
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5
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Mi Y, Dai L, Xu N, Zheng W, Ma C, Chen W, Zhang Q. Viability inhibition of A375 melanoma cells in vitroby a high-frequency nanosecond-pulsed magnetic field combined with targeted iron oxide nanoparticles via membrane magnetoporation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:385101. [PMID: 34144549 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0caf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poor efficacy and low electrical safety are issues in the treatment of tumours with pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs). Based on the cumulative effect of high-frequency pulses and the enhanced perforation effect of targeted nanoparticles, this article proposes for the first time a new method that combines high-frequency nanosecond-pulsed magnetic fields (nsPMFs) with folic acid-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-FA) to kill tumour cells. After determining the safe concentration of the targeted iron oxide nanoparticles, CCK-8 reagent was used to detect the changes in cell viability after utilising the combined method. After that, PI macromolecular dyes were used to stain the cells. Then, the state of the cell membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and other methods were applied to study the cell membrane permeability changes after the combined treatment of the cells. It was finally confirmed that the high-frequency PMF can significantly reduce cell viability through the cumulative effect. In addition, the targeted iron oxide nanoparticles can reduce the magnetic field amplitude and the number of pulses required for the high-frequency PMF to kill tumour cellsin vitrothrough magnetoporation. The objective of this research is to improve the electrical safety of the PMF with the use of nsPMFs for the safe, efficient and low-intensity treatment of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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Bademoğlu G, Erdal N, Uzun C, Taşdelen B. The effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on experimentally induced sciatic nerve injury in rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:408-419. [PMID: 33797305 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1907403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Some experimental research indicates that low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation may accelerate regeneration in sciatic nerve injury. However, little research has examined the electrophysiological and functional properties of regenerating peripheral nerves under PEMF. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of PEMF on sciatic nerve regeneration in short- and long-term processes with electrophysiologically and functionally after crushing damage. Crush lesions were performed using jewelery forceps for 30 s. After crush injury of the sciatic nerves, 24 female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 3 groups with 8 rats in each group: SH(Sham), SNI (Sciatic Nerve Injury), SNI+PEMF(Sciatic Nerve Injury+Pulsed Electromagnetic Field). SNI+PEMF group was exposed to PEMF (4 h/day, intensity; 0.3mT, low-frequency; 2 Hz) for 40-days. Electrophysiological records (at the beginning and 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks post-crush) and functional footprints (at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th weeks post crush) were measured from all groups during the experiment. The results were compared to SNI and SNI+PEMF groups, it was found that amplitude and area parameters in the first-week were significantly higher and latency was lower in the SNI+PEMF group than in the SNI group (p < 0,05). However, the effect of PEMF was not significant in the 2nd, 4th, 6th weeks. In addition, in the 1st and 2nd weeks, the SSI parameters were significantly higher in SNI+PMF group than SNI group (p < .05). These results indicate that low-frequency PEMF is not effective for long-periods of application time while PEMF may be useful during the short-term recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülten Bademoğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nurten Erdal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Coşar Uzun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Taşdelen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye
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Qian Y, Cheng Y, Cai J, Zhao X, Ouyang Y, Yuan WE, Fan C. Advances in electrical and magnetic stimulation on nerve regeneration. Regen Med 2019; 14:969-979. [PMID: 31583954 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Central and peripheral nerve injuries pose a great threat to people. Complications such as inflammation, muscle atrophy, traumatic neuromas and delayed reinnervation can bring huge challenges to clinical practices and barriers to complete nerve regrowth. Physical interventions such as electrical and magnetic stimulation show satisfactory results with varying parameters for acute and chronic nerve damages. The biological basis of electrical and magnetic stimulation mainly relies on protein synthesis, ion channel regulation and growth factor secretion. This review focuses on the various paradigms used in different models of electrical and magnetic stimulation and their regenerative potentials and underlying mechanisms in nerve injuries. The combination of physical stimulation and conductive biomaterial scaffolds displays an infinite potentiality in translational application in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, & School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiangyu Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine & Arthroscopic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, & School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, & School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
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8
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Pulsed magnetic field treatment as antineuropathic pain therapy. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:751-758. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNo satisfactory effective therapy is still available to treat trauma- or disease-induced neuropathic pain, and current available treatment options have several side effects. Pulsed magnetic field (PMF) treatments are receiving growing interest as a therapeutic approach for several neuronal diseases. Although the exact mechanism of action of PMF treatments is unknown, reported findings represent a promising alternative therapeutic choice for the management of neuropathic pain. PMF treatments can supply new strategies for the therapy of life-threatening neuropathic pain due to its antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic, antiallodynic, and neuroimmunomodulatory actions. In this review, I summarized the several recent findings about antineuropathic actions of PMF treatment in experimental animals with neuropathic pain induced by disease and/or damage.
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Ross CL, Syed I, Smith TL, Harrison BS. The regenerative effects of electromagnetic field on spinal cord injury. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:74-87. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1160408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chen Q, Lin GM, Wu N, Tang SW, Zheng ZJ, Lin MCM, Xu GX, Liu H, Deng YY, Zhang XY, Chen SP, Wang XM, Niu HB. Early exposure of rotating magnetic fields promotes central nervous regeneration in planarian Girardia sinensis. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:244-55. [PMID: 27061713 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field exposure is an accepted safe and effective modality for nerve injury. However, it is clinically used only as a supplement or salvage therapy at the later stage of treatment. Here, we used a planarian Girardia sinensis decapitated model to investigate beneficial effects of early rotary non-uniform magnetic fields (RMFs) exposure on central nervous regeneration. Our results clearly indicated that magnetic stimulation induced from early RMFs exposure significantly promoted neural regeneration of planarians. This stimulating effect is frequency and intensity dependent. Optimum effects were obtained when decapitated planarians were cultured at 20 °C, starved for 3 days before head-cutting, and treated with 6 Hz 0.02 T RMFs. At early regeneration stage, RMFs exposure eliminated edema around the wound and facilitated subsequent formation of blastema. It also accelerated cell proliferation and recovery of neuron functionality. Early RMFs exposure up-regulated expression of neural regeneration related proteins, EGR4 and Netrin 2, and mature nerve cell marker proteins, NSE and NPY. These results suggest that RMFs therapy produced early and significant benefit in central nervous regeneration, and should be clinically used at the early stage of neural regeneration, with appropriate optimal frequency and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gui-miao Lin
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-wei Tang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-jia Zheng
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Marie Chia-mi Lin
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gai-xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yue-yue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-yun Zhang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Si-ping Chen
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-mei Wang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Han-ben Niu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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11
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Controversies related to electromagnetic field exposure on peripheral nerves. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 75:70-6. [PMID: 26718608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic field (EMF) is a pervasive environmental presence in modern society. In recent years, mobile phone usage has increased rapidly throughout the world. As mobile phones are generally held close to the head while talking, studies have mostly focused on the central and peripheral nervous system. There is a need for further research to ascertain the real effect of EMF exposure on the nervous system. Several studies have clearly demonstrated that EMF emitted by cell phones could affect the systems of the body as well as functions. However, the adverse effects of EMF emitted by mobile phones on the peripheral nerves are still controversial. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge on the possible positive or negative effects of electromagnetic field on peripheral nerves.
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12
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Greenebaum B. Calculated spinal cord electric fields and current densities for possible neurite regrowth from quasi-DC electrical stimulation. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:564-75. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Greenebaum
- Department of Physics; University of Wisconsin-Parkside; Kenosha Wisconsin
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13
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Lekhraj R, Cynamon DE, DeLuca SE, Taub ES, Pilla AA, Casper D. Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate neurite outgrowth in the dopaminergic MN9D cell line. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:761-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rukmani Lekhraj
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Deborah E. Cynamon
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Stephanie E. DeLuca
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Eric S. Taub
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Arthur A. Pilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Columbia University; New York New York
- Department of Orthopedics; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York New York
| | - Diana Casper
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
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14
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Nguyen HT, Wei C, Chow JK, Nguy L, Nguyen HK, Schmidt CE. Electric field stimulation through a substrate influences Schwann cell and extracellular matrix structure. J Neural Eng 2013; 10:046011. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/4/046011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Suszyński K, Marcol W, Szajkowski S, Pietrucha-Dutczak M, Cieślar G, Sieroń A, Lewin-Kowalik J. Variable spatial magnetic field influences peripheral nerves regeneration in rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:198-205. [PMID: 23781984 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.801351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Generator of spatial magnetic field is one of most recent achievements among the magnetostimulators. This apparatus allows to obtain the rotating magnetic field. This new method may be more effective than other widely used techniques of magnetostimulation and magnetotherapy. We investigated the influence of alternating, spatial magnetic field on the regeneration of the crushed rat sciatic nerves. Functional and morphological evaluations were used. After crush injury of the right sciatic nerve, Wistar C rats (n = 80) were randomly divided into four groups (control and three experimental). The experimental groups (A, B, C) were exposed (20 min/day, 5 d/week, 4 weeks) to alternating spatial magnetic field of three different intensities. Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) and tensometric assessments were performed every week after nerve crush. Forty-eight hours before the sacrificing of animals, DiI (1,1'-di-octadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyloindocarbocyanine perchlorate) was applied 5 mm distally to the crush site. Collected nerves and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical staining. The survival rate of DRG neurons was estimated. Regrowth and myelination of the nerves was examined. The results of SFI and tensometric assessment showed improvement in all experimental groups as compared to control, with best outcome observed in group C, exposed to the strongest magnetic field. In addition, DRG survival rate and nerve regeneration intensity were significantly higher in the C group. Above results indicate that strong spatial alternating magnetic field exerts positive effect on peripheral nerve regeneration and its application could be taken under consideration in the therapy of injured peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Suszyński
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland and
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Verginadis II, Simos YV, Velalopoulou AP, Vadalouca AN, Kalfakakou VP, Karkabounas SC, Evangelou AM. Analgesic effect of the electromagnetic resonant frequencies derived from the NMR spectrum of morphine. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 31:275-84. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.662189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannis V. Simos
- Laboratory of Physiology, University of Ioannina,
Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Athina N. Vadalouca
- 1st Anesthesiology Clinic, Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Aretaieion University Hospital, University of AthensGreece
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Sherafat MA, Heibatollahi M, Mongabadi S, Moradi F, Javan M, Ahmadiani A. Electromagnetic field stimulation potentiates endogenous myelin repair by recruiting subventricular neural stem cells in an experimental model of white matter demyelination. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:144-53. [PMID: 22588976 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may affect the endogenous neural stem cells within the brain. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of EMFs on the process of toxin-induced demyelination and subsequent remyelination. Demyelination was induced using local injection of lysophosphatidylcholine within the corpus callosum of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. EMFs (60 Hz; 0.7 mT) were applied for 2 h twice a day for 7, 14, or 28 days postlesion. BrdU labeling and immunostaining against nestin, myelin basic protein (MBP), and BrdU were used for assessing the amount of neural stem cells within the tissue, remyelination patterns, and tracing of proliferating cells, respectively. EMFs significantly reduced the extent of demyelinated area and increased the level of MBP staining within the lesion area on days 14 and 28 postlesion. EMFs also increased the number of BrdU- and nestin-positive cells within the area between SVZ and lesion as observed on days 7 and 14 postlesion. It seems that EMF potentiates proliferation and migration of neural stem cells and enhances the repair of myelin in the context of demyelinating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Sherafat
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pilla A, Fitzsimmons R, Muehsam D, Wu J, Rohde C, Casper D. Electromagnetic fields as first messenger in biological signaling: Application to calmodulin-dependent signaling in tissue repair. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1236-45. [PMID: 22005645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transduction mechanism for non-thermal electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects has not been fully elucidated. This study proposes that an EMF can act as a first messenger in the calmodulin-dependent signaling pathways that orchestrate the release of cytokines and growth factors in normal cellular responses to physical and/or chemical insults. METHODS Given knowledge of Ca(2+) binding kinetics to calmodulin (CaM), an EMF signal having pulse duration or carrier period shorter than bound Ca(2+) lifetime may be configured to accelerate binding, and be detectable above thermal noise. New EMF signals were configured to modulate calmodulin-dependent signaling and assessed for efficacy in cellular studies. RESULTS Configured EMF signals modulated CaM-dependent enzyme kinetics, produced several-fold increases in key second messengers to include nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in chondrocyte and endothelial cultures and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in neuronal cultures. Calmodulin antagonists and downstream blockers annihilated these effects, providing strong support for the proposed mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the kinetics of Ca(2+) binding to CaM, or for any ion binding specific to any signaling cascade, allows the use of an electrochemical model by which the ability of any EMF signal to modulate CaM-dependent signaling can be assessed a priori or a posteriori. Results are consistent with the proposed mechanism, and strongly support the Ca/CaM/NO pathway as a primary EMF transduction pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The predictions of the proposed model open a host of significant possibilities for configuration of non-thermal EMF signals for clinical and wellness applications that can reach far beyond fracture repair and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Pilla
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University and Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Greenebaum B, Sisken BF. Does direction of induced electric field or current provide a test of mechanism involved in nerve regeneration? Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28:488-92. [PMID: 17486600 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We suggest an experimental comparison of two directions for applying the time-varying magnetic fields which have been found to speed spontaneous regeneration of injured peripheral nerves and in attempts to repair spinal cord injuries. Time-varying magnetic fields induce currents in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. The lower conductivity of the spinal cord's sheath (dura matter) or of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves would seem to confine the induced electric fields and currents to the spinal cord or nerve itself. The proposed comparison could allow choosing between two possible modes of action of the fields: (1) Magnetically-induced electric fields or currents may be encouraging ion flow or otherwise helping enzyme, channel or other interactions at the cell membrane, as is thought to be the case in field stimulation of healing in bone. This mechanism should be independent of field direction. (2) Work in developing organisms and with fields applied to nerve cells in vitro has shown that neurite growth is guided parallel to both endogenous and external electric fields. This mechanism would be effective when induced electric fields are parallel, but not when they are perpendicular to the nerve. Any experimental test should seek to produce as close as possible to the same induced current intensity with both field directions. Possible confounding factors, as well as breakdowns in the assumptions of the simple model presented here, would have to be considered. This proposal was motivated by a recent report in which the authors listed a changed field direction as one of several possible reasons for an unsuccessful experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Greenebaum
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, USA.
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