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Wei Y, Wang X. Biological effects of rotating magnetic field: A review from 1969 to 2021. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 178:103-115. [PMID: 36574882 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As one of the common variable magnetic fields, rotating magnetic field (RMF) plays a crucial role in modern human society. The biological effects of RMF have been studied for over half a century, and various results have been discovered. Several reports have shown that RMF can inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and improve clinical symptoms of patients with advanced cancer. It can also affect endogenous opioid systems and rhythm in central nerve systems, promote nerve regeneration and regulate neural electrophysiological activity in the human brain. In addition, RMF can influence the growth and metabolic activity of some microorganisms, alter the properties of fermentation products, inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria and increase the susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to common antibiotics. Besides, there are other biological effects of RMF on blood, bone, prenatal exposure, enzyme activity, immune function, aging, parasite, endocrine, wound healing, and plants. These discoveries demonstrate that RMF have great application potential in health care, medical treatment, fermentation engineering, and even agriculture. However, in some cases like pregnancy, RMF exposure may need to be avoided. Finally, the specific mechanisms of RMF's biological effects remain unrevealed, despite various hypotheses and theories. It does not prevent us from using it for our good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518061, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518061, China.
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2
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Ghaani MR, English NJ, Allen CCR. Magnetic-Field Manipulation of Naturally Occurring Microbial Chiral Peptides to Regulate Gas-Hydrate Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9079-9085. [PMID: 33047960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clathrate hydrates are nonstoichiometric crystalline inclusion compounds, wherein a water host lattice entraps small guest molecules in cavities, with methane hydrates being the most widespread in nature. Recent studies have shown that proteins and polypeptides produced by micro-organisms can accelerate methane-hydrate formation. However, the role of magnetic fields and chirality in such phenomena is heretofore unclear. Here, we find prima facie evidence of differently oriented magnetic fields of varying strength showing intricate control on the hydrate-formation kinetics by R and S versions of a prototypical aromatic peptide derived from a naturally occurring, hydrate-promoting source. We also discuss the wider implications of these results on chirality in the biosphere and hydrates in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Ghaani
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christopher C R Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland
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3
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Ehnert S, Schröter S, Aspera-Werz RH, Eisler W, Falldorf K, Ronniger M, Nussler AK. Translational Insights into Extremely Low Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-PEMFs) for Bone Regeneration after Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122028. [PMID: 31756999 PMCID: PMC6947624 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that alterations in electrical potential play an important role in the mechanical stimulation of the bone provoked hype that noninvasive extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) can be used to support healing of bone and osteochondral defects. This resulted in the development of many ELF-PEMF devices for clinical use. Due to the resulting diversity of the ELF-PEMF characteristics regarding treatment regimen, and reported results, exposure to ELF-PEMFs is generally not among the guidelines to treat bone and osteochondral defects. Notwithstanding, here we show that there is strong evidence for ELF-PEMF treatment. We give a short, confined overview of in vitro studies investigating effects of ELF-PEMF treatment on bone cells, highlighting likely mechanisms. Subsequently, we summarize prospective and blinded studies, investigating the effect of ELF-PEMF treatment on acute bone fractures and bone fracture non-unions, osteotomies, spinal fusion, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Although these studies favor the use of ELF-PEMF treatment, they likewise demonstrate the need for more defined and better controlled/monitored treatment modalities. However, to establish indication-oriented treatment regimen, profound knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in the sense of cellular pathways/events triggered is required, highlighting the need for more systematic studies to unravel optimal treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-7071-606-1067
| | - Steffen Schröter
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Romina H. Aspera-Werz
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Karsten Falldorf
- Sachtleben GmbH, Hamburg, Haus Spectrum am UKE, Martinistraße 64, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Michael Ronniger
- Sachtleben GmbH, Hamburg, Haus Spectrum am UKE, Martinistraße 64, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
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4
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A new class of signals for magnetobiology research. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7478. [PMID: 31097756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The great majority of experimental and theoretical studies in magnetobiology explored and tried to explain bioeffects on organisms (ranging from bacteria to humans) upon exposure to variable (AC) magnetic fields (MF) with a pure sinusoidal waveform, typically combined with a static (DC) component. In this report, a new class of signals is presented and posed as a relevant candidate for research in magnetobiology. The proposed signals are derived within the classic theory of the precession of a magnetic moment in a DC + AC MF in a parallel configuration. They display a frequency modulation such that the phase change per unit time of the applied AC field is, at all times, identical to that of the precession of the magnetic moment to which the field was tuned (considering its gyromagnetic ratio). In other words, applied AC field and precession of the 'engaged' magnetic moment are phase-locked. These phase-locked frequency modulated (PLFM) signals are discussed in the context of current literature, and possible future experimental and theoretical developments are suggested.
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5
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English NJ, Allen CCR. Magnetic-field effects on methane-hydrate kinetics and potential geophysical implications: Insights from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:664-669. [PMID: 30682616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have conducted non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics (NEMD) simulation to show that externally-applied magnetic fields, including their reversals in direction, have important effects on gas-release dynamics from methane hydrates. In particular, we apply fluctuation-dissipation analysis in the guise of Onsager's hypothesis to study hydrate kinetics at lower applied-field intensities, including temporary hydrate destabilisation in the wake of field-polarity switch; we scale down to the lowest practicable field intensities, of the order of 1 T. We conjecture, that these NEMD-based findings, particularly those involving polarity switch, may have ramifications for superchron-related Earth's magnetic-field polarity swaps affecting methane release into the geosphere, although a good deal of further work would be needed to provide a more definitive causal link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Christopher C R Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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6
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Makinistian L, Muehsam DJ, Bersani F, Belyaev I. Some recommendations for experimental work in magnetobiology, revisited. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:556-564. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Makinistian
- Department of Physics and Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP); Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET; San Luis Argentina
- Department of Radiobiology; Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center; Slovak Academy of Science; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - David J. Muehsam
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems; Bologna Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bersani
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems; Bologna Italy
- DIFA Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology; Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center; Slovak Academy of Science; Bratislava Slovakia
- Laboratory of Radiobiology; Prokhorov General Physics Institute; Russian Academy of Science; Moscow Russia
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7
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Madjid Ansari A, Majidzadeh-A K, Darvishi B, Sanati H, Farahmand L, Norouzian D. Extremely low frequency magnetic field enhances glucose oxidase expression in Pichia pastoris GS115. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 98:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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8
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Banihashemian SM, Periasamy V, Boon Tong G, Abdul Rahman S. Spectroscopic (UV/VIS, Raman) and Electrophoresis Study of Cytosine-Guanine Oligonucleotide DNA Influenced by Magnetic Field. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149488. [PMID: 26999445 PMCID: PMC4801395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the effect of a magnetic field on oligonucleotide DNA can provide a novel DNA manipulation technique for potential application in bioengineering and medicine. In this work, the optical and electrochemical response of a 100 bases oligonucleotides DNA, cytosine-guanine (CG100), is investigated via exposure to different magnetic fields (250, 500, 750, and 1000 mT). As a result of the optical response of CG100 to the magnetic field, the ultra-violet-visible spectrum indicated a slight variation in the band gap of CG100 of about 0.3 eV. Raman spectroscopy showed a significant deviation in hydrogen and phosphate bonds’ vibration after exposure to the magnetic field. Oligonucleotide DNA mobility was investigated in the external electric field using the gel electrophoresis technique, which revealed a small decrease in the migration of CG100 after exposure to the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Banihashemian
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vengadesh Periasamy
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Goh Boon Tong
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saadah Abdul Rahman
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Stippick TW, Sheller MR. Combined magnetic fields provide robust coverage for interbody and posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion sites. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 54:113-22. [PMID: 26044553 PMCID: PMC4779460 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields generated by spinal bone growth stimulation devices have been computationally modelled to determine coverage of the lumbar spinal vertebrae. The underlying assumption of these models was that the electric field, but not the magnetic field, was therapeutically relevant. However, there are no published studies examining the therapeutic coverage of spinal fusion sites by stimulators utilizing combined magnetic fields. To assess the coverage, an anatomical model of the vertebrae and discs of the lumbar spine was developed to represent interbody and posterolateral fusion sites. Computer simulations of the induced electromagnetic fields were analysed to determine coverage of the fusion sites. For both interbody and posterolateral fusion models, combined magnetic fields provided 100% coverage of the fusion sites for all intervertebral disc spaces and for all posterior planes from L1 to L5, respectively. Within the vertebral column, the magnitude of the electric field reached a maximum value of 3.6 × 10(-4) V/m, which is several orders of magnitude less than any reported study demonstrating a biological effect. Given its clinical efficacy, a bone growth stimulator utilizing combined magnetic fields must rely on the action of its magnetic field rather than its electric field for a therapeutic effect.
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10
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Hammerschlag R, Levin M, McCraty R, Bat N, Ives JA, Lutgendorf SK, Oschman JL. Biofield Physiology: A Framework for an Emerging Discipline. Glob Adv Health Med 2015; 4:35-41. [PMID: 26665040 PMCID: PMC4654783 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2015.015.suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofield physiology is proposed as an overarching descriptor for the electromagnetic, biophotonic, and other types of spatially-distributed fields that living systems generate and respond to as integral aspects of cellular, tissue, and whole organism self-regulation and organization. Medical physiology, cell biology, and biophysics provide the framework within which evidence for biofields, their proposed receptors, and functions is presented. As such, biofields can be viewed as affecting physiological regulatory systems in a manner that complements the more familiar molecular-based mechanisms. Examples of clinically relevant biofields are the electrical and magnetic fields generated by arrays of heart cells and neurons that are detected, respectively, as electrocardiograms (ECGs) or magnetocardiograms (MCGs) and electroencephalograms (EEGs) or magnetoencephalograms (MEGs). At a basic physiology level, electromagnetic activity of neural assemblies appears to modulate neuronal synchronization and circadian rhythmicity. Numerous nonneural electrical fields have been detected and analyzed, including those arising from patterns of resting membrane potentials that guide development and regeneration, and from slowly-varying transepithelial direct current fields that initiate cellular responses to tissue damage. Another biofield phenomenon is the coherent, ultraweak photon emissions (UPE), detected from cell cultures and from the body surface. A physiological role for biophotons is consistent with observations that fluctuations in UPE correlate with cerebral blood flow, cerebral energy metabolism, and EEG activity. Biofield receptors are reviewed in 3 categories: molecular-level receptors, charge flux sites, and endogenously generated electric or electromagnetic fields. In summary, sufficient evidence has accrued to consider biofield physiology as a viable scientific discipline. Directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hammerschlag
- The Institute for Integrative Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Consciousness and Healing Initiative, San Diego, California; Oregon College of Oriental Medicine, Portland (Dr Hammerschlag)
| | - Michael Levin
- Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (Dr Levin)
| | - Rollin McCraty
- Institute of HeartMath, Boulder Creek, California (Dr McCraty)
| | - Namuun Bat
- The Center for Brain, Mind, and Healing, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia (Ms Bat)
| | - John A Ives
- The Center for Brain, Mind, and Healing, Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia (Dr Ives)
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Departments of Psychology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City (Dr Lutgendorf)
| | - James L Oschman
- Nature's Own Research Association, Dover, New Hampshire (Dr Oschman)
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11
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Ehnert S, Falldorf K, Fentz AK, Ziegler P, Schröter S, Freude T, Ochs BG, Stacke C, Ronniger M, Sachtleben J, Nussler AK. Primary human osteoblasts with reduced alkaline phosphatase and matrix mineralization baseline capacity are responsive to extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field exposure - Clinical implication possible. Bone Rep 2015; 3:48-56. [PMID: 28377966 PMCID: PMC5365212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been used clinically with various settings as an exogenous stimulation method to promote fracture healing. However, underlying mechanisms of action and EMF parameters responsible for certain effects remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate the influence of defined EMFs on human osteoblasts' and osteoclasts' viability and function. Primary human osteoblasts and osteoclasts were treated 3 times weekly for 21 days during their maturation process using the Somagen® device (Sachtleben GmbH, Hamburg, Germany), generating defined extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs). Certain ELF-PEMF treatment significantly increased the total protein content (up to 66%), mitochondrial activity (up to 91.1%) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity (up to 129.9%) of human osteoblasts during the entire differentiation process. Furthermore, ELF-PEMF treatment enhanced formation of mineralized matrix (up to 276%). Interestingly, ELF-PEMF dependent induction of AP activity and matrix mineralization was strongly donor dependent — only osteoblasts with a poor initial osteoblast function responded to the ELF-PEMF treatment. As a possible regulatory mechanism, activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was identified. Maturation of osteoclasts from human monocytes was not affected by the ELF-PEMF treatment. In summary the results indicate that a specific ELF-PEMF treatment with the Somagen® device improves viability and maturation of osteoblasts, while osteoclast viability and maturation was not affected. Hence, ELF-PEMF might represent an interesting adjunct to conventional therapy supporting bone formation during fracture healing or even for the treatment of osteoporosis. Exposure to extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) increases viability of human osteoblasts. Exposure to specific ELF-PEMFs improves primary human osteoblasts’ function. Especially osteoblasts with a low differentiation capacity profit from the ELF-PEMF exposure. For the observed effects ERK1/2 activation is pivotal. Osteoclast viability and function is not affected by the same ELF-PEMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Ziegler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Schröter
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Freude
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn G Ochs
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Scholkmann F. Two emerging topics regarding long-range physical signaling in neurosystems: Membrane nanotubes and electromagnetic fields. J Integr Neurosci 2015; 14:135-53. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219635215300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Muehsam D, Ventura C. Life rhythm as a symphony of oscillatory patterns: electromagnetic energy and sound vibration modulates gene expression for biological signaling and healing. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 3:40-55. [PMID: 24808981 PMCID: PMC4010966 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Muehsam
- Visual Institute of Developmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy (Dr Muehsam)
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Visual Institute of Developmental Sciences, Bologna; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna (Dr Ventura), Italy
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14
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Static magnetic field effects on impaired peripheral vasomotion in conscious rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:746968. [PMID: 24454512 PMCID: PMC3877601 DOI: 10.1155/2013/746968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the SMF effects on hemodynamics in the caudal artery-ligated rat as an in vivo ischemia model using noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with power spectral analysis by fast Fourier transform. Male Wistar rats in the growth stage (10 weeks old) were randomly assigned into four groups: (i) intact and nonoperated cage control (n = 20); (ii) ligated alone (n = 20); (iii) ligated and implanted with a nonmagnetized rod (sham magnet; n = 22); and (vi) ligated and implanted with a magnetized rod (n = 22). After caudal artery ligation, a magnetized or unmagnetized rod (maximum magnetic flux density of 160 mT) was implanted transcortically into the middle diaphysis of the fifth caudal vertebra. During the experimental period of 7 weeks, NIRS measurements were performed in 3- , 5- , and 7-week sessions and the vasomotion amplitude and frequency were analyzed by fast Fourier transform. Exposure for 3–7 weeks to the SMF significantly contracted the increased vasomotion amplitude in the ischemic area. These results suggest that SMF may have a regulatory effect on rhythmic vasomotion in the ischemic area by smoothing the vasomotion amplitude in the early stage of the wound healing process.
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15
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Gavoçi E, Zironi I, Remondini D, Virelli A, Castellani G, Del Re B, Giorgi G, Aicardi G, Bersani F. ELF magnetic fields tuned to ion parametric resonance conditions do not affect TEA-sensitive voltage-dependent outward K(+) currents in a human neural cell line. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:579-88. [PMID: 23900932 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the experimental evidence of significant biological effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs), the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Among the few mechanisms proposed, of particular interest is the so called "ion parametric resonance (IPR)" hypothesis, frequently referred to as theoretical support for medical applications. We studied the effect of different combinations of static (DC) and alternating (AC) ELF MFs tuned on resonance conditions for potassium (K(+)) on TEA-sensitive voltage-dependent outward K(+) currents in the human neuroblastoma BE(2)C cell line. Currents through the cell membrane were measured by whole-cell patch clamp before, during, and after exposure to MF. No significant changes in K(+) current density were found. This study does not confirm the IPR hypothesis at the level of TEA-sensitive voltage-dependent outward K(+) currents in our experimental conditions. However, this is not a direct disprove of the hypothesis, which should be investigated on other ion channels and at single channel levels also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entelë Gavoçi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Pilla AA. Nonthermal electromagnetic fields: From first messenger to therapeutic applications. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 32:123-36. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.776335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Muehsam D, Lalezari P, Lekhraj R, Abruzzo PM, Abruzzo P, Bolotta A, Marini M, Bersani F, Aicardi G, Pilla A, Casper D. Non-thermal radio frequency and static magnetic fields increase rate of hemoglobin deoxygenation in a cell-free preparation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61752. [PMID: 23593496 PMCID: PMC3625142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing body of clinical and experimental data regarding electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects and their therapeutic applications has contributed to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. This study reports that two EMF modalities currently in clinical use, a pulse-modulated radiofrequency (PRF) signal, and a static magnetic field (SMF), applied independently, increased the rate of deoxygenation of human hemoglobin (Hb) in a cell-free assay. Deoxygenation of Hb was initiated using the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) in an assay that allowed the time for deoxygenation to be controlled (from several min to several hours) by adjusting the relative concentrations of DTT and Hb. The time course of Hb deoxygenation was observed using visible light spectroscopy. Exposure for 10-30 min to either PRF or SMF increased the rate of deoxygenation occurring several min to several hours after the end of EMF exposure. The sensitivity and biochemical simplicity of the assay developed here suggest a new research tool that may help to further the understanding of basic biophysical EMF transduction mechanisms. If the results of this study were to be shown to occur at the cellular and tissue level, EMF-enhanced oxygen availability would be one of the mechanisms by which clinically relevant EMF-mediated enhancement of growth and repair processes could occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muehsam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
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Portelli LA, Schomay TE, Barnes FS. Inhomogeneous background magnetic field in biological incubators is a potential confounder for experimental variability and reproducibility. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 34:337-48. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Portelli LA, Madapatha DR, Martino C, Hernandez M, Barnes FS. Reduction of the background magnetic field inhibits ability of Drosophila melanogaster to survive ionizing radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 33:706-9. [PMID: 22532126 PMCID: PMC3426623 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to an environment where the background magnetic field (BMF) has been reduced were studied on wild-type Drosophila melanogaster by measuring its ability to survive a single exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) during its larval stage. The experimental design presented shows a timeframe, IR dose, and BMF parameters that will cause a significant and reproducible reduction of survival on this insect model. These results suggest that BMFs may play a fundamental role in the recovery or harm of a biological system that is exposed to single doses of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Portelli
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309-0425, USA.
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Electromagnetic fields instantaneously modulate nitric oxide signaling in challenged biological systems. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:330-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li Y, Song LQ, Chen MQ, Zhang YM, Li J, Feng XY, Li W, Guo W, Jia G, Wang H, Yu J. Low Strength Static Magnetic Field Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Adhesion of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in a Restenosis Model Through Mediating Integrins β1-FAK, Ca2+ Signaling Pathway. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:2611-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pilla A, Fitzsimmons R, Muehsam D, Wu J, Rohde C, Casper D. Electromagnetic fields as first messenger in biological signaling: Application to calmodulin-dependent signaling in tissue repair. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1236-45. [PMID: 22005645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transduction mechanism for non-thermal electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects has not been fully elucidated. This study proposes that an EMF can act as a first messenger in the calmodulin-dependent signaling pathways that orchestrate the release of cytokines and growth factors in normal cellular responses to physical and/or chemical insults. METHODS Given knowledge of Ca(2+) binding kinetics to calmodulin (CaM), an EMF signal having pulse duration or carrier period shorter than bound Ca(2+) lifetime may be configured to accelerate binding, and be detectable above thermal noise. New EMF signals were configured to modulate calmodulin-dependent signaling and assessed for efficacy in cellular studies. RESULTS Configured EMF signals modulated CaM-dependent enzyme kinetics, produced several-fold increases in key second messengers to include nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in chondrocyte and endothelial cultures and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in neuronal cultures. Calmodulin antagonists and downstream blockers annihilated these effects, providing strong support for the proposed mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the kinetics of Ca(2+) binding to CaM, or for any ion binding specific to any signaling cascade, allows the use of an electrochemical model by which the ability of any EMF signal to modulate CaM-dependent signaling can be assessed a priori or a posteriori. Results are consistent with the proposed mechanism, and strongly support the Ca/CaM/NO pathway as a primary EMF transduction pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The predictions of the proposed model open a host of significant possibilities for configuration of non-thermal EMF signals for clinical and wellness applications that can reach far beyond fracture repair and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Pilla
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University and Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Recovery Effects of a 180 mT Static Magnetic Field on Bone Mineral Density of Osteoporotic Lumbar Vertebrae in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20953437 PMCID: PMC2952315 DOI: 10.1155/2011/620984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field (SMF) on osteoporosis of the lumbar vertebrae were studied in ovariectomized rats. A small disc magnet (maximum magnetic flux density 180 mT) was implanted to the right side of spinous process of the third lumbar vertebra. Female rats in the growth stage (10 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: (i) ovariectomized and implanted with a disc magnet (SMF); (ii) ovariectomized and implanted with a nonmagnetized disc (sham); (iii) ovariectomized alone (OVX) and (vi) intact, nonoperated cage control (CTL). The blood serum 17-β-estradiol (E2) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the bone mineral density (BMD) values of the femurs and the lumbar vertebrae were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The E2 concentrations were statistically significantly lower for all three operated groups than those of the CTL group at the 6th week. Although there was no statistical significant difference in the E2 concentrations between the SMF-exposed and sham-exposed groups, the BMD values of the lumbar vertebrae proximal to the SMF-exposed area statistically significantly increased in the SMF-exposed group than in the sham-exposed group. These results suggest that the SMF increased the BMD values of osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae in the ovariectomized rats.
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Lange K. Fundamental role of microvilli in the main functions of differentiated cells: Outline of an universal regulating and signaling system at the cell periphery. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:896-927. [PMID: 20607764 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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