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Rampazzo E, Persano L, Karim N, Hodgking G, Pinto R, Casciati A, Tanori M, Zambotti A, Bresolin S, Cani A, Pannicelli A, Davies IW, Hancock C, Palego C, Viola G, Mancuso M, Merla C. On the effects of 30.5 GHz sinusoidal wave exposure on glioblastoma organoids. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1307516. [PMID: 38884089 PMCID: PMC11176452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1307516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma (grade IV) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, representing one of the biggest therapeutic challenges due to its highly aggressive nature. In this study, we investigated the impact of millimeter waves on tridimensional glioblastoma organoids derived directly from patient tumors. Our goal was to explore novel therapeutic possibilities in the fight against this challenging disease. Methods The exposure setup was meticulously developed in-house, and we employed a comprehensive dosimetry approach, combining numerical and experimental methods. Biological endpoints included a global transcriptional profiling analysis to highlight possible deregulated pathways, analysis of cell morphological changes, and cell phenotypic characterization which are all important players in the control of glioblastoma progression. Results and discussion Our results revealed a significant effect of continuous millimeter waves at 30.5 GHz on cell proliferation and apoptosis, although without affecting the differentiation status of glioblastoma cells composing the organoids. Excitingly, when applying a power level of 0.1 W (Root Mean Square), we discovered a remarkable (statistically significant) therapeutic effect when combined with the chemotherapeutic agent Temozolomide, leading to increased glioblastoma cell death. These findings present a promising interventional window for treating glioblastoma cells, harnessing the potential therapeutic benefits of 30.5 GHz CW exposure. Temperature increase during treatments was carefully monitored and simulated with a good agreement, demonstrating a negligible involvement of the temperature elevation for the observed effects. By exploring this innovative approach, we pave the way for improved future treatments of glioblastoma that has remained exceptionally challenging until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Nissar Karim
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosanna Pinto
- National Italian Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Division of Health Protection Technologies, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Casciati
- National Italian Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Division of Health Protection Technologies, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Tanori
- National Italian Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Division of Health Protection Technologies, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zambotti
- National Italian Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Division of Health Protection Technologies, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pannicelli
- Technical Unit of Energetic Efficiency, National Italian Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristopher Hancock
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- CREO Medical Limited, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiano Palego
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (SDB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Technical Unit of Energetic Efficiency, National Italian Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Merla
- Technical Unit of Energetic Efficiency, National Italian Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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Mena-Giraldo P, Kaur M, Maurizio SL, Mandl GA, Capobianco JA. Janus Micromotors for Photophoretic Motion and Photon Upconversion Applications Using a Single Near-Infrared Wavelength. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4249-4260. [PMID: 38197400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
External stimuli can trigger changes in temperature, concentration, and momentum between micromotors and the medium, causing their propulsion and enabling them to perform different tasks with improved kinetic efficiencies. Light-activated micromotors are attractive systems that achieve improved motion and have the potential for high spatiotemporal control. Photophoretic swarming motion represents an attractive means to induce micromotor movement through the generation of temperature gradients in the medium, enabling the micromotors to move from cold to hot regions. The micromotors studied herein are assembled with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+/NaGdF4:Yb3+ and LiYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ upconverting nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were localized to one hemisphere to produce a Janus architecture that facilitates improved upconversion luminescence with the upconverting nanoparticles distributed throughout. Under 976 nm excitation, Fe3O4 nanoparticles generate the temperature gradient, while the upconverting nanoparticles produce visible light that is used for micromotor motion tracking and triggering of reactive oxygen species generation. As such, the motion and application of the micromotors are achieved using a single excitation wavelength. To demonstrate the practicality of this system, curcumin was adsorbed to the micromotor surface and degradation of Rhodamine B was achieved with kinetic rates that were over twice as fast as the static micromotors. The upconversion luminescence was also used to track the motion of the micromotors from a single image frame, providing a convenient means to understand the trajectory of these systems. Together, this system provides a versatile approach to achieving light-driven motion while taking advantage of the potential applications of upconversion luminescence such as tracking and detection, sensing, nanothermometry, particle velocimetry, photodynamic therapy, and pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena-Giraldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mannu Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Steven L Maurizio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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Orlacchio R, Zhadobov M, Alekseev SI, Nikolayev D, Sauleau R, Le Page Y, Le Dréan Y. Millimeter-Wave Heating in In Vitro Studies: Effect of Convection in Continuous and Pulse-Modulated Regimes. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:553-568. [PMID: 31579965 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Shallow penetration of millimeter waves (MMW) and non-uniform illumination in in vitro experiments result in a non-uniform distribution of the specific absorption rate (SAR). These SAR gradients trigger convective currents in liquids affecting transient and steady-state temperature distributions. We analyzed the effect of convection on temperature dynamics during MMW exposure in continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed-wave (PW) amplitude-modulated regimes using micro-thermocouples. Temperature rise kinetics are characterized by the occurrence of a temperature peak that shifts to shorter times as the SAR of the MMW exposure increases and precedes initiation of convection in bulk. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the liquid volume impacts convection. Increasing the volume results in earlier triggering of convection and in a greater cooling rate after the end of the exposure. In PW regimes, convection strongly depends on the pulse duration that affects the heat pulse amplitude and cooling rate. The latter results in a change of the average temperature in PW regime. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:553-568. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Orlacchio
- CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunication de Rennes)-UMR 6164, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Maxim Zhadobov
- CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunication de Rennes)-UMR 6164, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stanislav I Alekseev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denys Nikolayev
- Microwaves and Antennas Group (MAG), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ronan Sauleau
- CNRS, IETR (Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunication de Rennes)-UMR 6164, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Le Page
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Dréan
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
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Portelli LA, Falldorf K, Thuróczy G, Cuppen J. Retrospective estimation of the electric and magnetic field exposure conditions in in vitro experimental reports reveal considerable potential for uncertainty. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:231-243. [PMID: 29171034 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on cell cultures exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF, 3-300 Hz) magnetic fields are often subject to multiple sources of uncertainty associated with specific electric and magnetic field exposure conditions. Here we systemically quantify these uncertainties based on exposure conditions described in a group of bioelectromagnetic experimental reports for a representative sampling of the existing literature. The resulting uncertainties, stemming from insufficient, ambiguous, or erroneous description, design, implementation, or validation of the experimental methods and systems, were often substantial enough to potentially make any successful reproduction of the original experimental conditions difficult or impossible. Without making any assumption about the true biological relevance of ELF electric and magnetic fields, these findings suggest another contributing factor which may add to the overall variability and irreproducibility traditionally associated with experimental results of in vitro exposures to low-level ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:231-243, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Portelli
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - György Thuróczy
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Cuppen
- Immunent B.V. and Neiding B.V., Veldhoven, The Netherlands
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Gläser K, Rohland M, Kleine-Ostmann T, Schrader T, Stopper H, Hintzsche H. Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation on Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Radiat Res 2016; 186:455-465. [PMID: 27710704 DOI: 10.1667/rr14405.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic fields in the radiofrequency range is ubiquitous, mainly due to the worldwide use of mobile communication devices. With improving technologies and affordability, the number of cell phone subscriptions continues to increase. Therefore, the potential effect on biological systems at low-intensity radiation levels is of great interest. While a number of studies have been performed to investigate this issue, there has been no consensus reached based on the results. The goal of this study was to elucidate the extent to which cells of the hematopoietic system, particularly human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), were affected by mobile phone radiation. We irradiated HSC and HL-60 cells at frequencies used in the major technologies, GSM (900 MHz), UMTS (1,950 MHz) and LTE (2,535 MHz) for a short period (4 h) and a long period (20 h/66 h), and with five different intensities ranging from 0 to 4 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR). Studied end points included apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle, DNA damage and DNA repair. In all but one of these end points, we detected no clear effect of mobile phone radiation; the only alteration was found when quantifying DNA damage. Exposure of HSC to the GSM modulation for 4 h caused a small but statistically significant decrease in DNA damage compared to sham exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first published study in which putative effects (e.g., genotoxicity or influence on apoptosis rate) of radiofrequency radiation were investigated in HSC. Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields did not affect cells of the hematopoietic system, in particular HSC, under the given experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gläser
- a Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Rohland
- b Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Helga Stopper
- a Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henning Hintzsche
- a Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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Monopole patch antenna for in vivo exposure to nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 55:1073-1083. [PMID: 27422130 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore the promising therapeutic applications of short nanosecond electric pulses, in vitro and in vivo experiments are highly required. In this paper, an exposure system based on monopole patch antenna is reported to perform in vivo experiments on newborn mice with both monopolar and bipolar nanosecond signals. Analytical design and numerical simulations of the antenna in air were carried out as well as experimental characterizations in term of scattering parameter (S 11) and spatial electric field distribution. Numerical dosimetry of the setup with four newborn mice properly placed in proximity of the antenna patch was carried out, exploiting a matching technique to decrease the reflections due to dielectric discontinuities (i.e., from air to mouse tissues). Such technique consists in the use of a matching dielectric box with dielectric permittivity similar to those of the mice. The average computed electric field inside single mice was homogeneous (better than 68 %) with an efficiency higher than 20 V m-1 V-1 for the four exposed mice. These results demonstrate the possibility of a multiple (four) exposure of small animals to short nanosecond pulses (both monopolar and bipolar) in a controlled and efficient way.
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