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Bihani SC, Nagar V, Kumar M. Mechanistic and evolutionary insights into alkaline phosphatase superfamily through structure-function studies on Sphingomonas alkaline phosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 736:109524. [PMID: 36716801 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases (APs), represented by E. coli AP (ECAP), employ an arginine residue to stabilize the phosphoryl group in the active site; whereas, AP from Sphingomonas (SPAP) shows a unique combination of substrate-binding residues; Thr89, Asn110, Lys171, and Arg173. Although such combination has been observed only in SPAP, these residues are present separately in different members of the AP superfamily. Here, we establish the presence of two distinct classes of APs; ECAP-type and SPAP-type. Bioinformatic analyses show that SPAP-type of APs are widely distributed in the bacterial kingdom. The role of active site residues in the catalytic mechanism has been delineated through a set of crystal structures reported here. These structures, representing different stages of the reaction pathway provide wealth of information for the catalytic mechanism. Despite critical differences in the substrate binding residues, SPAP follows a mechanism similar to that of ECAP-type of APs. Structure-based phylogenetic analysis suggests that SPAP and ECAP may have diverged very early during the evolution from a common ancestor. Moreover, it is proposed that the SPAP-type of APs are fundamental members of the AP superfamily and are more closely related to other members of the superfamily as compared to the ECAP-type of APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Bihani
- Protein Crystallography Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Vandan Nagar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India; Food Microbiology Group, Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Protein Crystallography Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Shaban SM, Byeok Jo S, Hafez E, Ho Cho J, Kim DH. A comprehensive overview on alkaline phosphatase targeting and reporting assays. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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A new copper mediated on-off assay for alkaline phosphatase detection based on MoOx quantum dots. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Wang S, Cheng F, Chen L. Iodine-Mediated Etching of Gold Nanorods for Plasmonic ELISA Based on Colorimetric Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27639-45. [PMID: 26619266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a plasmonic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on highly sensitive colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is achieved by iodine-mediated etching of gold nanorods (AuNRs). Once the sandwich-type immunocomplex is formed, the ALP bound on the polystyrene microwells will hydrolyze ascorbic acid 2-phosphate into ascorbic acid. Subsequently, iodate is reduced to iodine, a moderate oxidant, which etches AuNRs from rod to sphere in shape. The shape change of AuNRs leads to a blue-shift of longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance. As a result, the solution of AuNRs changes from blue to red. Benefiting from the highly sensitive detection of ALP, the proposed plasmonic ELISA has achieved an ultralow detection limit (100 pg/mL) for human immunoglobulin G (IgG). Importantly, the visual detection limit (3.0 ng/mL) allows the rapid differential diagnosis with the naked eye. The further detection of human IgG in fetal bovine serum indicates its applicability to the determination of low abundance protein in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS , Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS , Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS , Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fangbin Cheng
- Ocean School, Yantai University , Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS , Yantai Shandong 264003, P. R. China
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Fan C, Luo S, Qi H. A ratiometric fluorescent probe for alkaline phosphatase via regulation of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 31:423-427. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Fan
- Key Study Center of the National Ministry of Education for Tropical Resources Utilization, College of Materials and Chemistry; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Shengxu Luo
- Key Study Center of the National Ministry of Education for Tropical Resources Utilization, College of Materials and Chemistry; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Haiping Qi
- Key Study Center of the National Ministry of Education for Tropical Resources Utilization, College of Materials and Chemistry; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
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Chi Q, Chen W, He Z. Mechanism of alcohol-enhanced lucigenin chemiluminescence in alkaline solution. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:990-5. [PMID: 25640737 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The chemiluminescence (CL) of lucigenin (Luc(2+)) can be enhanced by different alcohols in alkaline solution. The effect of different fatty alcohols on the CL of lucigenin was related to the carbon chain length and the number of hydroxyl groups. Glycerol provides the greatest enhancement. UV/Vis absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra showed that N-methylacridone (NMA) was produced in the CL reaction in the presence of different alcohols. The peak of the CL spectrum was located at 470 nm in all cases, indicating that the luminophore was always the excited-state NMA. The quenching of lucigenin CL by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the electron spin resonance (ESR) results with the spin trap of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) demonstrated that superoxide anions (O2 (•-)) were generated from dissolved oxygen in the CL reaction and that glycerol and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) can promote O2 (•-) production by the reduction of dissolved oxygen in alkaline solution. It was assumed that the enhancement provided by different alcohols was related to the solvent effect and reducing capacity. Glycerol and DHA can also reduce Luc(2+) into lucigenin cation radicals (Luc(•+) ), which react with O2 (•-) to produce CL, and glycerol can slowly transform into DHA, which is oxidized quickly in alkaline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhike He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
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KIMURA N, OHNO KI, YAMADA M. Lucigenin Chemiluminescence in Mixed-Surfactant Vesicles Formed from Aqueous Mixtures of Octyltrimethylammonium Chloride and Sodium Dodecanoate. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2005. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.54.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya KIMURA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Ken-ichi OHNO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University
| | - Masaaki YAMADA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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Kokado A, Arakawa H, Maeda M. Chemiluminescent assay of alkaline phosphatase using dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrate detected with lucigenin. LUMINESCENCE 2002; 17:5-10. [PMID: 11816056 DOI: 10.1002/bio.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple chemiluminescent assay (CL) for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using dihydroxyacetone phosphate or its ketal (DHAP or DHAP-ketal) was developed. New substrates were transformed to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) after they were hydrolysed by ALP, which reacts with lucigenin and produces strong chemiluminescence. Under the optimum assay condition, the detection limits were 3.8 x 10(-19) and 1.5 x 10(-18) moles of ALP, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) at each points on the standard curve were 0.8-5.4% and 1.8-7.1% (n = 6), respectively. The mechanism of lucigenin CL with DHA was investigated by ESR spectrometry using the spin-trapping method. The mechanism was speculated as follows: the O2(-) generated by the reaction of DHA and O2 in alkaline solution reacts with lucigenin, and then emit light. The proposed CL assay was applied to the enzyme immunoassay of 17beta-oestradiol, using ALP as a label enzyme. The measurable range of 17beta-oestradiol was 15-4000-pg/mL, and the proposed method was four times more sensitive than the colorimetric assay for ALP by using 4-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Kokado
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Kricka LJ, Voyta JC, Bronstein I. Chemiluminescent methods for detecting and quantitating enzyme activity. Methods Enzymol 2000; 305:370-90. [PMID: 10812613 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)05500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L J Kricka
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Kanemitsu M(H, Arakawa H, Yoda R, Maeda M. Chemiluminescent determination of lucigenin using thioureid derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anderson DJ, Guo B, Xu Y, Ng LM, Kricka LJ, Skogerboe KJ, Hage DS, Schoeff L, Wang J, Sokoll LJ, Chan DW, Ward KM, Davis KA. Clinical chemistry. Anal Chem 1997; 69:165R-229R. [PMID: 9195857 DOI: 10.1021/a1970008p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Ohio 44115, USA
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Lin JM, Tsuji A, Maeda M. Chemiluminescent flow injection determination of alkaline phosphatase and its applications to enzyme immunoassays. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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