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Qiu J, Ahmad F, Ma J, Sun Y, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Xu L, Shu T, Zhang X. From synthesis to applications of biomolecule-protected luminescent gold nanoclusters. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3923-3944. [PMID: 38705905 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are a class of novel luminescent nanomaterials that exhibit unique properties of ultra-small size, featuring strong anti-photo-bleaching ability, substantial Stokes shift, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Various biomolecules have been developed as templates or ligands to protect AuNCs with enhanced stability and luminescent properties for biomedical applications. In this review, the synthesis of AuNCs based on biomolecules including amino acids, peptides, proteins and DNA are summarized. Owing to the advantages of biomolecule-protected AuNCs, they have been employed extensively for diverse applications. The biological applications, particularly in bioimaging, biosensing, disease therapy and biocatalysis have been described in detail herein. Finally, current challenges and future potential prospects of bio-templated AuNCs in biological research are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Faisal Ahmad
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yelan Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Long Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Shu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Mittal R, Gupta N. Towards Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Metal Nanoclusters. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2161-2180. [PMID: 37103674 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In the modern development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, metal nanoclusters have emerged as a foremost category of nanomaterials exhibiting remarkable biocompatibility and photo-stability having dramatically distinctive optical, electronic, and chemical properties. This review focuses on synthesizing fluorescent metal nanoclusters in a greener way to make them suitable for biological imaging and drug delivery application. The green methodology is the desired route for sustainable chemical production and should be utilized for any form of chemical synthesis including nanomaterials. It aims to eliminate harmful waste, uses non-toxic solvents, and employs energy-efficient processes for the synthesis. This article provides an overview of conventional synthesis methods, including stabilizing nanoclusters by small organic molecules in organic solvents. Then we focus on the improvement of properties, applications of green synthesized metal nanoclusters, challenges involved, and further advancement required in the direction of green synthesis of MNCs. There are plenty of problems for scientists to solve to make nanoclusters suitable for bio-applications, chemical sensing, and catalysis synthesized by green methods. Using bio-compatible and electron-rich ligands, understanding ligand-metal interfacial interactions, employing more energy-efficient processes, and utilizing bio-inspired templates for synthesis are some immediate problems worth solving in this field that requires continued efforts and interdisciplinary knowledge and collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka Sector-3, Dwarka, Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Nancy Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka Sector-3, Dwarka, Delhi, 110078, India.
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Magesh K, Singh S, Wu SP, Velmathi S. One-step synthesis of a pH switched pyrene-based fluorescent probe for ratiometric detection of HS - in real water samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4159-4167. [PMID: 37577757 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00987d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Only a few probes are suited for highly acidic environments and sensitive to pH values below 4. Thus, finding a solution for detecting strong acidic (pH value below 2) conditions is still challenging. Herein, we constructed and created a pH-switched fluorescent probe based on pyrene and a heteroatom containing pyridine unit. When exposed to acidic environments (pH 2.0), the probe's fluorescence redshifted with distinct colour and fluorescence changes owing to protonation on the nitrogen atom containing pyridine moiety, which could be deprotonated by HS- selectively compared to other competing analytes. Pyr can detect HS- with a rapid response within 5 s and showed very good quantum yield under acidic environments. The sensing mechanism was confirmed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies using the B3LYP and 6-31G+ (d) basis sets. Furthermore, the probe was utilized to monitor HS- in actual water samples and identify H2S gas by a simple paper strip test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Magesh
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India.
| | - Sukhvant Singh
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India.
| | - Shu Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Republic of China
| | - Sivan Velmathi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India.
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Shellaiah M, Sun KW. Review on Carbon Dot-Based Fluorescent Detection of Biothiols. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:335. [PMID: 36979547 PMCID: PMC10046571 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play a vital role in gene expression, maintaining redox homeostasis, reducing damages caused by free radicals/toxins, etc. Likewise, abnormal levels of biothiols can lead to severe diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurotoxicity, hair depigmentation, liver/skin damage, etc. To quantify the biothiols in a biological system, numerous low-toxic probes, such as fluorescent quantum dots, emissive organic probes, composited nanomaterials, etc., have been reported with real-time applications. Among these fluorescent probes, carbon-dots (CDs) have become attractive for biothiols quantification because of advantages of easy synthesis, nano-size, crystalline properties, low-toxicity, and real-time applicability. A CDs-based biothiols assay can be achieved by fluorescent "Turn-On" and "Turn-Off" responses via direct binding, metal complex-mediated detection, composite enhanced interaction, reaction-based reports, and so forth. To date, the availability of a review focused on fluorescent CDs-based biothiols detection with information on recent trends, mechanistic aspects, linear ranges, LODs, and real applications is lacking, which allows us to deliver this comprehensive review. This review delivers valuable information on reported carbon-dots-based biothiols assays, the underlying mechanism, their applications, probe/CDs selection, sensory requirement, merits, limitations, and future scopes.
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Enzyme-free colorimetric detection of biothiols based on the photoinduced oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7731-7740. [PMID: 36040483 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the rapid and on-site detection of biothiols in complex biological and food samples using simple assays and devices remains a major challenge. In this study, biothiols containing sulfhydryl groups were found to be able to inhibit the photo-triggered oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Based on the discovery, using the commercially available and low-cost TMB as the chromogenic substrate, an enzyme-free colorimetric approach was developed for the rapid determination of biothiols. The method does not involve the introduction of any natural enzymes, nanoenzymes, and external oxidants. The mechanisms of the photoinduced oxidation of TMB and the detection of biothiols were proposed. Furthermore, a smartphone-based portable device integrated with test strips was constructed by the 3D printing technique. This device can simultaneously meet the requirements of the photocatalytic oxidation reaction of TMB and the detection of biothiols. The entire process only takes less than 5 min. The successful detection of cysteine in urine and milk samples demonstrates the great potential of the device in the on-site assays.
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A rapid and label‐free fluorescent sensor for kojic acid based on the inner filter effect. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Xu Z, Li P, Chen H, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Liu M, Yao S. Picomolar glutathione detection based on the dual-signal self-calibration electrochemical sensor of ferrocene-functionalized copper metal-organic framework via solid-state electrochemistry of cuprous chloride. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:798-806. [PMID: 36029594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemical biosensing techniques are essential for food analysis and disease diagnosis. Nanomaterials with redox activity show great potential in electrochemical analysis, acting as signal labels or signal amplification unit, which can reflect the targets concentration in foods and biological samples. Here, an ultra-sensitive dual-signal intrinsic self-calibration electrochemical platform for GSH was firstly fabricated based on the novel electroactive nanomaterial of ferrocene-functionalized copper metal-organic framework (Fc-Cu-MOF). Due to the solid-state electrochemical property of cuprous chloride (CuCl), a sharp characteristic peak with an increased signal appears with the coexistence of chloride ions in solution. The stronger specific affinity between Cu+ and GSH than that of Cu+ and Cl- triggers a "crowding effect" that causes the current signal of CuCl decrease greatly. Meanwhile, the peak current of ferrocene keeps unchanged as an internal reference. Based on the ratio of the peak current variation (ΔICu/ΔIFc) as the signal output, Fc-Cu-MOF modified electrode showed wider linear range in 0.1 nM -1 μM for GSH with the detection limit as low as 0.025 nM. And the sensor was successfully applied in the determination of GSH with excellent recoveries in various real samples such as food and serum samples, providing good prospect in application of bioanalysis and food screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Peipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education, China), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
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Zhan S, Jiang J, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Cui H. DNA-templated coinage metal nanostructures and their applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wang HB, Mao AL, Tao BB, Zhang HD, Liu YM. Fabrication of multiple molecular logic gates made of fluorescent DNA-templated Au nanoclusters. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A universal platform of label-free multiple molecular logic gates have been constructed by taking the advantage of DNA-AuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - An-Li Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Bei-Bei Tao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Hong-Ding Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
| | - Yan-Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang 464000
- China
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