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Liu W, Yin D, Li Z, Zhu X, Zhang S, Zhang P, Lin D, Hua Z, Cao Z, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ying C, Xu P, Dong G, Liu K. Comparative Blood Transcriptome Analysis of Semi-Natural and Controlled Environment Populations of Yangtze Finless Porpoise. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:199. [PMID: 38254368 PMCID: PMC10812818 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) living in different environments display significant differences in behavior and physiology. To compare and analyze gene expression differences between an ex situ population and a controlled environment population of the Yangtze finless porpoise, we sequenced the transcriptome of blood tissues living in a semi-natural reserve and an artificial facility, respectively. We identified 6860 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 6603 were up-regulated and 257 were down-regulated in the controlled environment vs ex situ comparison. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in the controlled environment population were significantly associated with glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the nervous system, while those up-regulated in the ex situ population were significantly associated with energy supply and biosynthesis. Further analysis showed that metabolic and hearing-related genes were significantly affected by changes in the environment, and key metabolic genes such as HK, PFK, IDH, and GLS and key hearing-related genes such as OTOA, OTOF, SLC38A1, and GABBR2 were identified. These results suggest that the controlled environment population may have enhanced glucose metabolic ability via activation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle, and inositol phosphate metabolism, while the ex situ population may meet higher energy requirements via enhancement of the amino acid metabolism of the liver and muscle and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, the acoustic behavior and auditory-related genes of Yangtze finless porpoise may show responsive changes and differential expression under different environment conditions, and thus the auditory sensitivity may also show corresponding adaptive characteristics. This study provides a new perspective for further exploration of the responsive changes of the two populations to various environments and provides a theoretical reference for further improvements in conservation practices for the Yangtze finless porpoise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.L.); (D.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.H.); (J.Z.); (P.X.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Denghua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.L.); (D.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.H.); (J.Z.); (P.X.)
| | - Zhanwei Li
- Zhuhai Chimelong Investment & Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519000, China; (Z.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Anqing Aquatic Technology Promotion Center Station, Anqing 246000, China; (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sigang Zhang
- Anqing Aquatic Technology Promotion Center Station, Anqing 246000, China; (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Zhuhai Chimelong Investment & Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519000, China; (Z.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Danqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.L.); (D.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.H.); (J.Z.); (P.X.)
| | - Zhong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.L.); (D.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.H.); (J.Z.); (P.X.)
| | - Zhichen Cao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Han Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.L.); (D.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.H.); (J.Z.); (P.X.)
| | - Congping Ying
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.L.); (D.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.H.); (J.Z.); (P.X.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Guixin Dong
- Guangdong South China Rare Wild Animal Species Conservation Center, Zhuhai 519031, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (W.L.); (D.Y.); (D.L.); (Z.H.); (J.Z.); (P.X.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Z.C.); (H.Z.)
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Liu X, Zhang B, Tian J, Han Y. Plasma metabolomics reveals the intervention mechanism of different types of exercise on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression rat model. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:1-13. [PMID: 37999885 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of different types of exercise on the plasma metabolomics of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressed rats based on 1H-NMR metabolomics techniques, and to explore the potential mechanisms of exercise for the treatment of depression. Rats were randomly divided into blank control group (C), CUMS control group (D), pre-exercise with CUMS group (P), CUMS with aerobic exercise group, CUMS with resistance exercise group (R), and CUMS with aerobic + resistance exercise group (E). The corresponding protocol intervention was applied to each group of rats. Body weight, sucrose preference and open field tests were performed weekly during the experiment to evaluate the extent of depression in rats. Plasma samples from each group of rats were collected at the end of the experiment, and then the plasma was analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis methods to identify differential metabolites and perform metabolic pathway analysis. (1) Compared with the group D, the body weight, sucrose preference rate, and the number of crossings and standings in the different types of exercise groups were significantly improved (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). (2) Compared to group C, a total of 15 differential metabolites associated with depression were screened in the plasma of rats in group D, involving 6 metabolic pathways. Group P can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: valine, lactate, inositol, glucose, phosphocreatine, acetoacetic acid. Group A can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: N-acetylglycoprotein, leucine, lactate, low density lipoprotein, glucose and acetoacetic acid. Group R can regulate the levels of 6 metabolites: choline, lactate, inositol, glucose, phosphocreatine and acetoacetic acid. Group E can regulate the levels of 5 metabolites: choline, citric acid, glucose, acetone and acetoacetic acid. The different types of exercise groups can improve the depressive symptoms in CUMS rats, and there are common metabolites and metabolic pathways for their mechanism of effects. This study provides a powerful analytical tool to study the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of exercise, and provides an important method and basis for the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- School of Physical Education, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Changji Vocational and Technical College, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yumei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Fanni G, Kagios C, Roman E, Sundbom M, Wikström J, Haller S, Eriksson JW. Effects of gastric bypass surgery on brain connectivity responses to hypoglycemia. Endocrine 2023; 79:304-312. [PMID: 36459336 PMCID: PMC9892147 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) leads to beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, and attenuated hormonal counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia are likely to contribute. RYGB also induces alterations in neural activity of cortical and subcortical brain regions. We aimed to characterize RYGB-induced changes in resting-state connectivity of specific brain regions of interest for energy homeostasis and behavioral control during hypoglycemia. METHOD Ten patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2 were investigated with brain PET/MR imaging during a hyperinsulinemic normo- and hypoglycemic clamp, before and 4 months after RYGB. Hormonal levels were assessed throughout the clamp. Resting-state (RS) fMRI scans were acquired in the glucose-lowering phase of the clamp, and they were analyzed with a seed-to-voxel approach. RESULTS RS connectivity during initiation of hypoglycemia was significantly altered after RYGB between nucleus accumbens, thalamus, caudate, hypothalamus and their crosstalk with cortical and subcortical regions. Connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the frontal pole was increased after RYGB, and this was associated with a reduction of ACTH (r = -0.639, p = 0.047) and cortisol (r = -0.635, p = 0.048) responses. Instead, connectivity between the caudate and the frontal pole after RYGB was reduced and this was associated with less attenuation of glucagon response during the hypoglycemic clamp (r = -0.728, p = 0.017), smaller reduction in fasting glucose (r = -0.798, p = 0.007) and less excess weight loss (r = 0.753, p = 0.012). No other significant associations were found between post-RYGB changes in ROI-to-voxel regional connectivity hormonal responses and metabolic or anthropometric outcomes. CONCLUSION RYGB alters brain connectivity during hypoglycemia of several neural pathways involved in reward, inhibitory control, and energy homeostasis. These changes are associated with altered hormonal responses to hypoglycemia and may be involved in the glucometabolic outcome of RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christakis Kagios
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Roman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Wikström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- CIMC-Centre d'Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Merabet N, Lucassen PJ, Crielaard L, Stronks K, Quax R, Sloot PMA, la Fleur SE, Nicolaou M. How exposure to chronic stress contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes: A complexity science approach. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100972. [PMID: 34929260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the underlying etiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Responses to stress are influenced by earlier experiences, sex, emotions and cognition, and involve a complex network of neurotransmitters and hormones, that affect multiple biological systems. In addition, the systems activated by stress can be altered by behavioral, metabolic and environmental factors. The impact of stress on metabolic health can thus be considered an emergent process, involving different types of interactions between multiple variables, that are driven by non-linear dynamics at different spatiotemporal scales. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the links between chronic stress and T2D, we followed a complexity science approach to build a causal loop diagram (CLD) connecting the various mediators and processes involved in stress responses relevant for T2D pathogenesis. This CLD could help develop novel computational models and formulate new hypotheses regarding disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Merabet
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Crielaard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Quax
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M A Sloot
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands; National Centre of Cognitive Research, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism & Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands.
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Mita M, Sugawara I, Harada K, Ito M, Takizawa M, Ishida K, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T, Tsuboi T. Development of red genetically encoded biosensor for visualization of intracellular glucose dynamics. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:98-108.e4. [PMID: 34197723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the main source of energy for organisms, and it is important to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular glucose. Single fluorescent protein-based glucose indicators, named "Red Glifons" have been developed that apply to live-cell and dual-color imaging. These indicators exhibited more than 3-fold increase in fluorescence intensity in the presence of 10 mM glucose. The two Red Glifons developed have different half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for glucose (300 μM and 3,000 μM) and are able to monitor a wide range of glucose dynamics. Red Glifon combined with green indicators allowing visualization of the interplay between glucose and ATP, lactate, or pyruvate. Glucose influx in the pharyngeal muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans, enteroendocrine cells, and human iPS cell-derived cardiac myocytes was observed using the Red Glifons. Thus these red glucose indicators serve as a multi-color imaging toolkit for investigating complex interactions in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mita
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Izumi Sugawara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Harada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Motoki Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Takizawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishida
- Myoridge Co. Ltd., 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Mita M, Ito M, Harada K, Sugawara I, Ueda H, Tsuboi T, Kitaguchi T. Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Glucose Indicators Report Glucose Dynamics in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4821-4830. [PMID: 30869867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the most important energy source for living animals. Here, we developed a series of single fluorescent protein (FP)-based glucose indicators, named as "Green Glifons", to understand the hierarchal and mutual relationships between molecules involved in energy metabolism. Three indicators showed a different EC50 for glucose (50, 600, and 4000 μM), producing a ∼7-fold change in fluorescence intensity in response to glucose. The indicators could visualize glucose dynamics in the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus and mitochondria of living HeLa cells and in vivo, in the pharyngeal muscle of C. elegans and could measure murine blood glucose levels. Finally, the indicators were applicable to dual-color imaging, revealing the dynamic interplay between glucose and Ca2+ in mouse pancreatic MIN6 m9 β cells. We propose that these indicators will facilitate and contribute to in vivo and multicolor imaging of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mita
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Motoki Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Kazuki Harada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Izumi Sugawara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku , Yokohama , Kanagawa 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro , Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku , Yokohama , Kanagawa 226-8503 , Japan
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Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082294. [PMID: 30081594 PMCID: PMC6121435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We analyzed, using PET-SCAN and cognitive tests, how growth hormone (GH) could act in the brain of an older woman, not deficient in GH, who showed mild cognitive alterations (MCI) and had a genotype of ApoE 4/3 and familial dyslipidemia. (2) Methods: After performing a first psychometric study (TAVEC verbal learning test), the metabolic activity of brain structures related to knowledge, memory, and behavior was analyzed using 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose PET-SCAN. The patient was then treated with GH (0.4 mg/day, subcutaneous) for three weeks and on the last day under this treatment, a new PET-SCAN was performed. One month after beginning treatment with GH, a new TAVEC test was performed. (3) Results: GH administration normalized the cognitive deficits observed in the first psychometric test and significantly (p < 0.025) increased the metabolic activity in practically all brain cortical areas, specifically in the left hippocampus and left amygdala, although not in the left parahippocampus. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time the positive effects of GH on cerebral metabolism in a patient without GH deficiency, recovering the function of affected areas related to knowledge, memory, and behavior in an elderly patient with MCI.
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Diepenbroek C, Rijnsburger M, Eggels L, van Megen K, Ackermans M, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Serlie M, la Fleur S. Infusion of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens increases blood glucose concentrations in rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 637:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Welcome M, Pereverzev V. Glycemic Allostasis during Mental Activities on Fasting in Non-alcohol Users and Alcohol Users with Different Durations of Abstinence. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:S199-207. [PMID: 25364589 PMCID: PMC4212377 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.141959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic allostasis is the process by which blood glucose stabilization is achieved through the balancing of glucose consumption rate and release into the blood stream under a variety of stressors. This paper reviews findings on the dynamics of glycemic levels during mental activities on fasting in non-alcohol users and alcohol users with different periods of abstinence. Referred articles for this review were searched in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, DOAJ and AJOL. The search was conducted in 2013 between January 20 and July 31. The following keywords were used in the search: alcohol action on glycemia OR brain glucose OR cognitive functions; dynamics of glycemia, dynamics of glycemia during mental activities; dynamics of glycemia on fasting; dynamics of glycemia in non-alcohol users OR alcohol users; glycemic regulation during sobriety. Analysis of the selected articles showed that glycemic allostasis during mental activities on fasting is poorly regulated in alcohol users even after a long duration of sobriety (1-4 weeks after alcohol consumption), compared to non-alcohol users. The major contributor to the maintenance of euglycemia during mental activities after the night's rest (during continuing fast) is gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Welcome
- Department of Normal Physiology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Va Pereverzev
- Department of Normal Physiology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
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10
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Diepenbroek C, van der Plasse G, Eggels L, Rijnsburger M, Feenstra MGP, Kalsbeek A, Denys D, Fliers E, Serlie MJ, la Fleur SE. Alterations in blood glucose and plasma glucagon concentrations during deep brain stimulation in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens in rats. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:226. [PMID: 24339800 PMCID: PMC3857552 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an effective therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and is currently under investigation as a treatment for eating disorders. DBS of this area is associated with altered food intake and pharmacological treatment of OCD is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore we examined if DBS of the NAc-shell (sNAc) influences glucose metabolism. Male Wistar rats were subjected to DBS, or sham stimulation, for a period of 1 h. To assess the effects of stimulation on blood glucose and glucoregulatory hormones, blood samples were drawn before, during and after stimulation. Subsequently, all animals were used for quantitative assessment of Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) using computerized image analysis. DBS of the sNAc rapidly increased plasma concentrations of glucagon and glucose while sham stimulation and DBS outside the sNAc were ineffective. In addition, the increase in glucose was dependent on DBS intensity. In contrast, the DBS-induced increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations was independent of intensity and region, indicating that the observed DBS-induced metabolic changes were not due to corticosterone release. Stimulation of the sNAc with 200 μA increased Fos immunoreactivity in the LHA compared to sham or 100 μA stimulated animals. These data show that DBS of the sNAc alters glucose metabolism in a region- and intensity- dependent manner in association with neuronal activation in the LHA. Moreover, these data illustrate the need to monitor changes in glucose metabolism during DBS-treatment of OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Diepenbroek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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