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Bahramzadeh A, Bolandnazar K, Meshkani R. Resveratrol as a potential protective compound against skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21305. [PMID: 38027557 PMCID: PMC10660041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has become a major global problem. Insulin resistance has a central role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for the disposal of most of the glucose under conditions of insulin stimulation, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle causes dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in the whole body. Despite the current pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatment strategies to combat diabetes, there is still a need for new therapeutic agents due to the limitations of the therapeutic agents. Meanwhile, plant polyphenols have attracted the attention of researchers for their use in the treatment of diabetes and have gained popularity. Resveratrol, a stilbenoid polyphenol, exists in various plant sources, and a growing body of evidence suggests its beneficial properties, including antidiabetic activities. The present review aimed to provide a summary of the role of resveratrol in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and its related mechanisms. To achieve the objectives, by searching the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, we have summarized the results of all cell culture, animal, and human studies that have investigated the effects of resveratrol in different models on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bahramzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Bolandnazar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The 2020 ESPEN Arvid Wretlind lecture: Metabolic response in bariatric surgery - Mechanisms and clinical implications. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2602-2608. [PMID: 33933726 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Owing to the "obesity-pandemic", an increasing number of individuals are in need of treatment for obesity and obesity-related disorders. For patients with severe disease, results with conventional treatment modalities such as diet regimens, physical activity, and pharmacologic agents most often lack satisfactory efficacy and/or sustainability. In contrast, bariatric surgery has been demonstrated to be associated with marked, long-term weight loss as well as resolution or improvement of co-morbid disease, in particular metabolic aberrations such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of surgery-induced weight loss on such morbidity are incompletely understood. METHODS This article gives an updated overview of some aspects on the mechanisms involved in the improvement in metabolism in obese individuals submitted to surgery-induced weight loss. Patients undergoing Roux en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) were studied before and at various times after the operation. Weight, body composition with determination of distribution of adipose tissue (DEXA), and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic clamp) was determined. In vitro; lipolytic activity and adipose morphology (fat cell size) was assessed. RESULTS Low calorie intake, rerouting of nutrients as well as loss of fat mass are all associated with improved insulin sensitivity after RYGB. In obese individuals, an increase in lipolytic activity in visceral adipose tissue might contribute to the association with cardiometabolic disease. However, selective reduction (omentectomy) seems not to improve insulin sensitivity or cardiometabolic risk. Adipose hyperplasia (many small cells) might be protective against metabolic abnormalities compared to hypertrophy (large cells). Preoperative fat cell size is related to improvement in insulin sensitivity after RYGB. Two years after weight loss, a change in adipose morphology to a more metabolically benign phenotype (remodeling) is seen, with a reduction of fat cell size which is correlated to the improvement in insulin sensitivity. Patients with weight regain 5 years after RYGB, still display a more benign metabolic profile compared to weight-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS Several factors contribute to the improvements in insulin sensitivity and cardiometabolic disease after surgery-induced weight loss, including low calorie intake rerouting of nutrients and loss of adipose tissue mass. Increased lipolytic activity in visceral adipose tissue as well as adipose hypertrophy relates to increased metabolic risk. RYGB-induced weight loss is associated with redistribution of adipose tissue as well as remodeling of fat cells to a more benign profile. Reduction of fat cell size might be a possible target to improve insulin sensitivity in patients with obesity in the future.
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Gómez-Zorita S, Milton-Laskibar I, Macarulla MT, Biasutto L, Fernández-Quintela A, Miranda J, Lasa A, Segues N, Bujanda L, Portillo MP. Pterostilbene modifies triglyceride metabolism in hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat high-fructose feeding: a comparison with its analog resveratrol. Food Funct 2021; 12:3266-3279. [PMID: 33877249 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of phenolic compounds as a new therapeutic approach against NAFLD has emerged recently. In the present study, we aim to study the effect of pterostilbene in the prevention of liver steatosis developed as a consequence of high-fat (saturated) high-fructose feeding, by analysing the changes induced in metabolic pathways involved in triglyceride accumulation. Interestingly, a comparison with the anti-steatotic effect of its parent compound resveratrol will be made for the first time. Rats were distributed into 5 experimental groups and fed either a standard laboratory diet or a high-fat high-fructose diet supplemented with or without pterostilbene (15 or 30 mg per kg per d) or resveratrol (30 mg per kg per d) for 8 weeks. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, NEFA and transaminase levels were quantified. Liver histological analysis was carried out by haematoxylin-eosin staining. Different pathways involved in liver triglyceride metabolism, including fatty acid synthesis, uptake and oxidation, triglyceride assembly and triglyceride release, were studied. Pterostilbene was shown to partially prevent high-fat high-fructose feeding induced liver steatosis in rats, demonstrating a dose-response pattern. In this dietary model, it acts mainly by reducing de novo lipogenesis and increasing triglyceride assembly and release. Improvement in mitochondrial functionality was also appreciated. At the same dose, the magnitude of pterostilbene and resveratrol induced effects, as well as the involved mechanisms of action, were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Effects of Physiological Doses of Resveratrol and Quercetin on Glucose Metabolism in Primary Myotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031384. [PMID: 33573178 PMCID: PMC7866515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have emerged in recent years as an option to face insulin resistance and diabetes. The central aim of this study was: (1) to demonstrate that physiological doses of resveratrol (RSV) or quercetin (Q) can influence glucose metabolism in human myotubes, (2) to establish whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B -PKB- (Akt) pathways are involved in this effect. In addition, the effects of these polyphenols on mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation were analysed. Myotubes from healthy donors were cultured for 24 h with either 0.1 μM of RSV or with 10 μM of Q. Glucose metabolism, such as glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and lactate production, were measured with D[U-14C]glucose. β-oxidation using [1-14C]palmitate as well as the expression of key metabolic genes and proteins by Real Time PCR and Western blot were also assessed. Although RSV and Q increased pgc1α expression, they did not significantly change either glucose oxidation or β-oxidation. Q increased AMPK, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), and AS160 phosphorylation in basal conditions and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) in insulin-stimulated conditions. RSV tended to increase the phosphorylation rates of AMPK and GSK3β. Both of the polyphenols increased insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and reduced lactate production in human myotubes. Thus, physiological doses of RSV or Q may exhibit anti-diabetic actions in human myotubes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To give an updated review on the underlying mechanisms and clinical effects of improved glucose control after bariatric surgery. RECENT FINDINGS The basic principles of the mechanism for the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery can be categorized into calorie restriction, deviation of nutrients, and reduced amounts of adipose tissue. Recent findings suggest the importance of early changes following deviation of nutrients to more distal parts of the small bowel resulting in altered release of gastrointestinal hormones, altered gut microbiota, and weight-reduction. In the long-term, loss of adipose tissue results in reduced inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity. From a clinical perspective these changes are associated with remission of diabetes in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes, prevention of diabetes in patients with insulin resistance without overt type 2 diabetes and prevention of both microvascular and macrovascular complications for all patients with morbid obesity. SUMMARY At present, bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment option to improve glucose control and long-term complications associated with hyperglycemia in patients with obesity.Although the mechanisms behind these metabolic effects remain only partially understood, further knowledge on these complex mechanisms may help identifying durable treatment options for morbid obesity and important metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Stenberg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University & Department of Surgery, Region Örebro County, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet
- Department of Surgery, Ersta hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Autologous fecal transplantation from a lean state potentiates caloric restriction effects on body weight and adiposity in obese mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9388. [PMID: 32523094 PMCID: PMC7287061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous fecal transplantation (FT-A) emerges as a promising strategy to modulate gut microbiota with minimal side effects since individual´s own feces are transplanted. With the premise of improving obesity and its associated disorders, we investigated if fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), heterologous and autologous, potentiates the effects of a moderate caloric restriction (CR) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were randomized into control, HFD, CR (12 weeks on HFD and 6 weeks under CR), FT-H (similar to CR and FMT carried out with feces from controls, weeks 17 & 18), and FT-A (administration of their own feces before developing obesity at weeks 17 & 18). Our study demonstrated that FMT, and, especially, FT-A potentiates the effects of a moderate CR on weight loss and adiposity in the short term, by decreasing feed efficiency and increasing adipose tissue lipolysis. Although FT-A produced a significant increase in bacterial richness/diversity, FMT did not significantly modify gut microbiota composition compared to the CR at phyla and bacteria genera levels, and only significant increases in Bifidobacterium and Blautia genera were observed. These results could suggest that other mechanisms different from bacterial microbiota engraftment participates in these beneficial effects. Thus, FT-A represents a very positive synergetic approach for obese patients that do not respond well to moderate restrictive diets.
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Do the Effects of Resveratrol on Thermogenic and Oxidative Capacities in IBAT and Skeletal Muscle Depend on Feeding Conditions? Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101446. [PMID: 30301195 PMCID: PMC6213586 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of mild energy restriction and resveratrol on thermogenic and oxidative capacity in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and in skeletal muscle. Rats were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet for six weeks, and divided into four experimental groups fed a standard diet: a control group, a resveratrol-treated group, an energy-restricted group and an energy-restricted group treated with resveratrol. Weights of IBAT, gastrocnemius muscle and fat depots were measured. Activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) and citrate synthase (CS), protein levels of sirtuin (SIRT1 and 3), uncoupling proteins (UCP1 and 3), glucose transporter (GLUT4), mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC1α) activation were measured. No changes in IBAT and gastrocnemius weights were found. Energy-restriction, but not resveratrol, decreased the weights of adipose depots. In IBAT, resveratrol enhanced thermogenesis activating the SIRT1/PGC1α/PPARα axis. Resveratrol also induced fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. These effects were similar when resveratrol was combined with energy restriction. In the case of gastrocnemius muscle, the effects were not as clear as in the case of IBAT. In this tissue, resveratrol increased oxidative capacity. The combination of resveratrol and energy restriction seemingly did not improve the effects induced by the polyphenol alone.
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Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, Etxeberria U, Milagro FI, Martínez JA, Portillo MP. Involvement of autophagy in the beneficial effects of resveratrol in hepatic steatosis treatment. A comparison with energy restriction. Food Funct 2018; 9:4207-4215. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of autophagy in the liver delipidating effects of resveratrol and energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - L. Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - U. Etxeberria
- Department of Nutrition
- Food Sciences and Physiology
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Pamplona
| | - F. I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition
- Food Sciences and Physiology
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Pamplona
| | - J. A. Martínez
- Department of Nutrition
- Food Sciences and Physiology
- Centre for Nutrition Research
- University of Navarra
- Pamplona
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute
- Vitoria
- Spain
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Milton-Laskibar I, Gómez-Zorita S, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, González M, Portillo MP. Resveratrol-Induced Effects on Body Fat Differ Depending on Feeding Conditions. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122091. [PMID: 29186045 PMCID: PMC6150028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Science constantly seeks to identify new molecules that could be used as dietary functional ingredients in the fight against obesity and its co-morbidities. Among them, polyphenols represent a group of molecules of increasing interest. One of the most widely studied polyphenols is resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), which has been proposed as an "energy restriction mimetic" because it can exert energy restriction-like effects. The aim of this review is to analyze the effects of resveratrol on obesity under different feeding conditions, such as overfeeding, normal feeding, and energy restriction, in animals and humans. The vast majority of the studies reported have addressed the administration of resveratrol to animals alongside an obesogenic diet. Under these experimental conditions usually a decreased body weight amount was found. To date, studies that focus on the effects of resveratrol under normal feeding or energy restriction conditions in animals and humans are scarcer. In these studies no changes in body fat were reported. After analyzing the results obtained under overfeeding, normal feeding, and energy restriction conditions, it can be stated that resveratrol is useful in reducing body fat accumulation, and thus preventing obesity. Nevertheless, for ethical reasons, these results have been obtained in animals. By contrast, there are no evidences showing the usefulness of this phenolic compound in reducing previously accumulated body fat. Consequently, as of yet, there is not scientific support for proposing resveratrol as a new anti-obesity treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcela González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral and National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, Rolo AP, Soeiro Teodoro J, Palmeira CM, Portillo MP. Lack of Additive Effects of Resveratrol and Energy Restriction in the Treatment of Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070737. [PMID: 28696376 PMCID: PMC5537851 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to analyze the effect of resveratrol on liver steatosis in obese rats, to compare the effects induced by resveratrol and energy restriction and to research potential additive effects. Rats were initially fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet for six weeks and then allocated in four experimental groups fed a standard diet: a control group, a resveratrol-treated group, an energy restricted group and a group submitted to energy restriction and treated with resveratrol. We measured liver triacylglycerols, transaminases, FAS, MTP, CPT1a, CS, COX, SDH and ATP synthase activities, FATP2/FATP5, DGAT2, PPARα, SIRT1, UCP2 protein expressions, ACC and AMPK phosphorylation and PGC1α deacetylation. Resveratrol reduced triacylglycerols compared with the controls, although this reduction was lower than that induced by energy restriction. The mechanisms of action were different. Both decreased protein expression of fatty acid transporters, thus suggesting reduced fatty acid uptake from blood stream and liver triacylglycerol delivery, but only energy restriction reduced the assembly. These results show that resveratrol is useful for liver steatosis treatment within a balanced diet, although its effectiveness is lower than that of energy restriction. However, resveratrol is unable to increase the reduction in triacylglycerol content induced by energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.
| | - João Soeiro Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
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