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Personnaz J, Guillou H, Kautz L. Fibrinogen-like 1: A hepatokine linking liver physiology to hematology. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e115. [PMID: 38966209 PMCID: PMC11223652 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A recent study identified the critical contribution of the hepatokine FGL1 to the regulation of iron metabolism during the recovery from anemia. FGL1 is secreted by hepatocytes in response to hypoxia to sequester BMP ligands and repress the transcription of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. This process ensures the proper supply of iron to the bone marrow for new red blood cell synthesis and the restoration of physiological oxygen levels. FGL1 may therefore contribute to the recovery from common anemias and cause iron overload in chronic anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis, such as ß-thalassemia, dyserythropoietic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes. However, FGL1 has also been described as a regulator of hepatocyte proliferation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin signaling, as well as a mediator of liver steatosis and immune evasion. Chronic exposure to elevated levels of FGL1 during anemia may therefore have systemic metabolic effects besides iron regulation and erythropoiesis. Here, we are providing an overview of the proposed functions of FGL1 in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Personnaz
- IRSD, Université de ToulouseINSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier (UPS)ToulouseFrance
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology)INRAE, ENVT, INP‐PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Léon Kautz
- IRSD, Université de ToulouseINSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier (UPS)ToulouseFrance
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2
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Chen J, Wu L, Li Y. FGL1 and FGL2: emerging regulators of liver health and disease. Biomark Res 2024; 12:53. [PMID: 38816776 PMCID: PMC11141035 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a complex group of diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates, emerging as a major global health concern. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of fibrinogen-like proteins, specifically fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) and fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), in the regulation of various liver diseases. FGL1 plays a crucial role in promoting hepatocyte growth, regulating lipid metabolism, and influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing significantly to liver repair, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. On the other hand, FGL2 is a multifunctional protein known for its role in modulating prothrombin activity and inducing immune tolerance, impacting viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation. Understanding the functions and mechanisms of fibrinogen-like proteins is essential for the development of effective therapeutic approaches for liver diseases. Additionally, FGL1 has demonstrated potential as a disease biomarker in radiation and drug-induced liver injury as well as HCC, while FGL2 shows promise as a biomarker in viral hepatitis and liver transplantation. The expression levels of these molecules offer exciting prospects for disease assessment. This review provides an overview of the structure and roles of FGL1 and FGL2 in different liver conditions, emphasizing the intricate molecular regulatory processes and advancements in targeted therapies. Furthermore, it explores the potential benefits and challenges of targeting FGL1 and FGL2 for liver disease treatment and the prospects of fibrinogen-like proteins as biomarkers for liver disease, offering insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongming Chen
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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3
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Sardo U, Perrier P, Cormier K, Sotin M, Personnaz J, Medjbeur T, Desquesnes A, Cannizzo L, Ruiz-Martinez M, Thevenin J, Billoré B, Jung G, Abboud E, Peyssonnaux C, Nemeth E, Ginzburg YZ, Ganz T, Kautz L. The hepatokine FGL1 regulates hepcidin and iron metabolism during anemia in mice by antagonizing BMP signaling. Blood 2024; 143:1282-1292. [PMID: 38232308 PMCID: PMC11103088 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT As a functional component of erythrocyte hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen delivery to all tissues in the body. The liver-derived peptide hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis. During anemia, the erythroid hormone erythroferrone regulates hepcidin synthesis to ensure the adequate supply of iron to the bone marrow for red blood cell production. However, mounting evidence suggested that another factor may exert a similar function. We identified the hepatokine fibrinogen-like 1 (FGL1) as a previously undescribed suppressor of hepcidin that is induced in the liver in response to hypoxia during the recovery from anemia, and in thalassemic mice. We demonstrated that FGL1 is a potent suppressor of hepcidin in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Fgl1 in mice results in higher hepcidin levels at baseline and after bleeding. FGL1 exerts its activity by directly binding to bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), thereby inhibiting the canonical BMP-SMAD signaling cascade that controls hepcidin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Sardo
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Prunelle Perrier
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Cormier
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Sotin
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Personnaz
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thanina Medjbeur
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurore Desquesnes
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lisa Cannizzo
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julie Thevenin
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Billoré
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Grace Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elise Abboud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Léon Kautz
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Stefanaki K, Ilias I, Paschou SA, Karagiannakis DS. Hepatokines: the missing link in the development of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in PCOS? Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:715-724. [PMID: 37704921 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a critical role in several metabolic pathways, including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hepatokines, newly discovered proteins secreted by hepatocytes, have been linked to the induction of these metabolic dysregulations. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, has been associated with NAFLD and IR, while hyperandrogenism additionally appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the latter. However, the potential role of hepatokines in the development of metabolic disorders in PCOS has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically appraise the current evidence regarding the interplay of hepatokines with NAFLD, hyperandrogenism, and IR in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Stefanaki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Alexandra" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, "Elena Venizelou" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Alexandra" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Karagiannakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Laiko" General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Cakmak A, Kale İ, Muhcu M. Investigation of maternal serum hepassocin concentrations in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective case-control study. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2023; 227:441-447. [PMID: 37369220 DOI: 10.1055/a-2096-6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal serum hepassocin concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 88 pregnant women who applied to the Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between April 2022 and November 2022. The GDM group consisted of 44 pregnant women who had a 75-g OGTT between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy and were diagnosed with GDM. The control group consisted of 44 healthy pregnant women who were matched with the GDM group in terms of age and body mass index (BMI) and had a normal 75-g OGTT result. Demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, and perinatal outcomes were noted. Two groups were compared in terms of maternal serum hepassocin concentrations. RESULTS Both groups were similar in terms of age, BMI, weight gain, gravida, parity, polycystic ovary syndrome history, history of diabetes mellitus in the family, and the gestational week at blood sampling for hepassocin (p>0.05 for each). The median maternal serum hepassocin concentration was found to be 18.21 ng/ml in the GDM group, while it was determined as 13.05 ng/ml in the non-GDM group (p=0.012). The GDM group was divided into two groups: the group that only dieted until birth and the group that used insulin until birth for blood glucose regulation. The median hepassocin concentration was found to be 17.99 ng/ml in the diet-only GDM group and 32.15 ng/ml in the insulin-using GDM group. ROC analysis was performed to determine the value of maternal serum hepassocin concentration in predicting GDM. AUC analysis of maternal serum hepassocin for estimation of GDM was 0.656 (p=0.012, 95% CI=0.53-0.77). The optimal threshold value for maternal serum hepassocin concentration was determined as 14.13 ng/ml with 61.4% sensitivity and 61.4% specificity. CONCLUSION Serum hepassocin concentration evaluated between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation was found to be higher in pregnant women with GDM than in the non-GDM group. The highest serum hepassocin concentration was found in the GDM group using insulin for blood glucose regulation. Hepassocin seems to be a promising molecule that can be used in GDM screening in pregnant women who do not want to have an OGTT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Cakmak
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kale
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Muhcu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Dilimulati D, Chen D, Cai M, You H, Sun H, Gao X, Shao X, Zhang M, Qu S. Serum fibrinogen-like protein 1 as a novel biomarker in polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2123-2130. [PMID: 35790683 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL-1) concentrations and various metabolic characteristics in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and explore whether FGL-1 could be a predictive biomarker for PCOS. METHODS This case-control study included 136 patients with PCOS and 34 normal controls recruited in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between May 2017 and June 2021. Anthropometric characteristics, metabolic parameters, and reproductive hormones were collected. Serum FGL-1 measurement was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS Serum FGL-1 concentrations were higher in patients with PCOS than in control subjects in body mass index (BMI) subgroups, insulin resistance (IR) subgroups, and hepatic function subgroups, respectively. Serum FGL-1 concentrations were significantly associated with BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and serum uric acid (SUA) in all individuals. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value for FGL-1 levels to predict PCOS was 21.02 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 70.6%. Both univariate and multiple logistic regressions indicated that the odds ratio (OR) for PCOS significantly increased in the subjects with high levels of FGL-1. CONCLUSION In our study, FGL-1 was associated with serum aminotransferase and various metabolic indexes. Moreover, the high risk of PCOS was independently associated with the increased FGL-1 levels, which suggested that FGL-1 could be a predictive biomarker for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - D Dilimulati
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - D Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - M Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - H You
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - H Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - X Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - S Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
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Critical Overview of Hepatic Factors That Link Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Acute Kidney Injury: Physiology and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012464. [PMID: 36293317 PMCID: PMC9604121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a combination of a group of progressive diseases, presenting different structural features of the liver at different stages of the disease. According to epidemiological surveys, as living standards improve, the global prevalence of NAFLD increases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a class of clinical conditions characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function. NAFLD and AKI, as major public health diseases with high prevalence and mortality, respectively, worldwide, place a heavy burden on societal healthcare systems. Clinical observations of patients with NAFLD with AKI suggest a possible association between the two diseases. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms linking NAFLD and AKI, and the combination of the diseases is poorly treated. Previous studies have revealed that liver-derived factors are transported to distal organs via circulation, such as the kidney, where they elicit specific effects. Of note, while NAFLD affects the expression of many hepatic factors, studies on the mechanisms whereby NAFLD mediates the generation of hepatic factors that lead to AKI are lacking. Considering the unique positioning of hepatic factors in coordinating systemic energy metabolism and maintaining energy homeostasis, we hypothesize that the effects of NAFLD are not only limited to the structural and functional changes in the liver but may also involve the entire body via the hepatic factors, e.g., playing an important role in the development of AKI. This raises the question of whether analogs of beneficial hepatic factors or inhibitors of detrimental hepatic factors could be used as a treatment for NAFLD-mediated and hepatic factor-driven AKI or other metabolic disorders. Accordingly, in this review, we describe the systemic effects of several types of hepatic factors, with a particular focus on the possible link between hepatic factors whose expression is altered under NAFLD and AKI. We also summarize the role of some key hepatic factors in metabolic control mechanisms and discuss their possible use as a preventive treatment for the progression of metabolic diseases.
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Liu XH, Qi LW, Alolga RN, Liu Q. Implication of the hepatokine, fibrinogen-like protein 1 in liver diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer: The need to harness its full potential. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:292-300. [PMID: 34975333 PMCID: PMC8692158 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a novel hepatokine that forms part of the fibrinogen superfamily. It is predominantly expressed in the liver under normal physiological conditions. When the liver is injured by external factors, such as chemical drugs and radiation, FGL1 acts as a protective factor to promote the growth of regenerated cells. However, elevated hepatic FGL1 under high fat conditions can cause lipid accumulation and inflammation, which in turn trigger the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. FGL1 is also involved in the regulation of insulin resistance in adipose tissues and skeletal muscles as a means of communication between the liver and other tissues. In addition, the abnormally changed FGL1 levels in the plasma of cancer patients make it a potential predictor of cancer incidence in clinical practice. FGL1 was recently identified as a major functional ligand of the immune inhibitory receptor, lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), thus making it a promising target for cancer immunotherapy except for the classical programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Despite the potential of FGL1 as a new cancer biomarker and therapeutic target, there are few related studies and much of what has been reported are superficial and lack depth and particularity. Therefore, elucidating the role and underlying mechanisms of FGL1 could be crucial for the development of promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for related diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the cellular mechanisms and clinical prospects of FGL1 in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer, and proffer suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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9
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Dilimulati D, Du L, Huang X, Jayachandran M, Cai M, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Zhu J, Su L, Zhang M, Qu S. Serum Fibrinogen-Like Protein 1 Levels in Obese Patients Before and After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Six-Month Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2511-2520. [PMID: 35999870 PMCID: PMC9393035 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s374011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibrinogen-like protein (FGL)-1 is an original hepatokine with a critical role in developing hepatic steatosis. This study intends to examine the pre- and postoperative serum FGL-1 levels in bariatric patients and identify its relationship with other clinical indicators. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-two individuals (60 bariatric patients and 32 people with normal weight) were enrolled in this research between July 2018 and April 2021. All bariatric patients finished follow-up visits 6 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Clinical data, anthropometric parameters, biochemical variables, FibroScan, and serum FGL-1 levels were collected at baseline and 6 months after LSG. RESULTS FGL-1 levels in patients with obesity (44.66±20.03 ng/mL) were higher than in individuals with normal weight (20.73±9.73 ng/mL, p < 0.001). After LSG, FGL-1 levels were significantly decreased (27.53±11.45 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Besides, body mass index (BMI), liver enzyme levels, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, uric acid (UA), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were significantly improved. After adjusting possible confounders, FGL-1 levels at baseline were negatively associated with changes in LSM levels; changes in FGL-1 levels showed positive correlations with changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and UA levels at 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSION Serum FGL-1 levels were significantly decreased following LSG in patients with obesity. The preoperative serum FGL-1 levels could be a predictor of postoperative liver fibrosis improvement. Furthermore, the decreased FGL-1 levels were associated with improved liver enzymes and UA but not with bodyweight or glucolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diliqingna Dilimulati
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meili Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donglei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangfan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manna Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shen Qu; Manna Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8602166301004; +8613774448495, Email ;
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10
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Kim TH, Hong DG, Yang YM. Hepatokines and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Linking Liver Pathophysiology to Metabolism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121903. [PMID: 34944728 PMCID: PMC8698516 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis by sensing and responding to changes in nutrient status under various metabolic conditions. Recently highlighted as a major endocrine organ, the contribution of the liver to systemic glucose and lipid metabolism is primarily attributed to signaling crosstalk between multiple organs via hepatic hormones, cytokines, and hepatokines. Hepatokines are hormone-like proteins secreted by hepatocytes, and a number of these have been associated with extra-hepatic metabolic regulation. Mounting evidence has revealed that the secretory profiles of hepatokines are significantly altered in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common hepatic manifestation, which frequently precedes other metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, deciphering the mechanism of hepatokine-mediated inter-organ communication is essential for understanding the complex metabolic network between tissues, as well as for the identification of novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in metabolic disease. In this review, we describe the hepatokine-driven inter-organ crosstalk in the context of liver pathophysiology, with a particular focus on NAFLD progression. Moreover, we summarize key hepatokines and their molecular mechanisms of metabolic control in non-hepatic tissues, discussing their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Dong-Gyun Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- KNU Researcher Training Program for Developing Anti-Viral Innovative Drugs, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- KNU Researcher Training Program for Developing Anti-Viral Innovative Drugs, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6909
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Ketenci Gencer F, Yuksel S, Goksever Celik H. Do serum hepassocin levels change in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 267:137-141. [PMID: 34768120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially in obese patients. Hepassocin is a peptid marker which increases in obesity and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate hepassocin levels in patients with PCOS in this study. METHODS This prospective case-control study was conducted with a total of 60 patients with PCOS and age-matched 30 healthy women with body mass index < 30. Patients with PCOS were classified as obese PCOS and non-obese PCOS according to their BMI. Hepassocin levels were measured by using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine independent factors related to hepassocin levels. RESULTS Hepassocin levels of the obese-PCOS group were found significantly higher than non-obese PCOS and control group (6.95 ± 3.59, 2.69 ± 2.51, 2.66 ± 2.22, respectively, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in hepassocin levels between control and non-obese PCOS group (p = 0.99). Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was independently associated with hepassocin concentrations after adjusting for age, low density lipoprotein C (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein C (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and C reactive protein (CRP). CONCLUSION Obese patients with PCOS exhibited high serum levels of hepassocin. HOMA-IR index was found as the independent variable associated with high levels of hepassocin. Hepassocin can be used as a simple and easy way of detecting insulin resistance in obese patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ketenci Gencer
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Semra Yuksel
- Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hale Goksever Celik
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
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El-Kafrawy NAF, Atta AELBM, Abdelsattar S, Zewain SKED. Serum selenoprotein P in lean and obese Egyptian individuals and its relation to insulin resistance. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1876288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. F. El-Kafrawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Professor of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Azza EL-Bastawisy M Atta
- Internal medicine department, Resident of Internal Medicine, El Mahalla General Hospital, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- clinical biochemistryand molecular diagnostics department, Lecturer of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics -national Liver Institute - Menoufia University, Egypt
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Deng X, Cai Z, Li Y, Wu X, Zhao L, Li H, Chen K, Zhang P, Wang C, Zhao Z, Yang L, Yuan G. Increased Circulating Levels of Ectodysplasin A in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:737624. [PMID: 34858327 PMCID: PMC8630655 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.737624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectodysplasin A (EDA), a newly discovered hepatokine, has recently been considered to be closely related to glycolipid metabolism disorders, but the pathophysiological effects of EDA are still poorly understood. This study was the first time to determine the level of serum EDA in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to explore the relationships between serum EDA levels and various metabolic indexes. METHODS A total of 184 subjects were enrolled in the study, including 92 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM and 92 subjects with age- and sex-matched normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Serum EDA levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin c (HbA1c), and insulin were also measured. RESULTS Serum EDA levels were significantly increased in the T2DM group than in the NGT group (359.91 ± 117.99 vs. 265.82 ± 86.51 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Serum EDA levels were positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting plasma insulin (FIns), fasting C peptide (FCP), triglyceride (TG), HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and HOMA-β (p < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that 2hPG and FIns were independent influencing factors of serum EDA level (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum EDA level was significantly independently correlated with T2DM (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum EDA levels are significantly higher in T2DM patients, suggesting that EDA may play a role in the occurrence and development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Guoyue Yuan, ; Ling Yang,
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Guoyue Yuan, ; Ling Yang,
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Jensen-Cody SO, Potthoff MJ. Hepatokines and metabolism: Deciphering communication from the liver. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101138. [PMID: 33285302 PMCID: PMC7788242 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and can sense and respond to nutrient excess and deficiency through crosstalk with multiple tissues. Regulation of systemic energy homeostasis by the liver is mediated in part through regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of either process may result in metabolic dysfunction and contribute to the development of insulin resistance or fatty liver disease. Scope of review The liver has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes hepatokines, which are liver-derived factors that can signal to and communicate with distant tissues. Dysregulation of liver-centered inter-organ pathways may contribute to improper regulation of energy homeostasis and ultimately metabolic dysfunction. Deciphering the mechanisms that regulate hepatokine expression and communication with distant tissues is essential for understanding inter-organ communication and for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction. Major conclusions In this review, we discuss liver-centric regulation of energy homeostasis through hepatokine secretion. We highlight key hepatokines and their roles in metabolic control, examine the molecular mechanisms of each hepatokine, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic disease. We also discuss important areas of future studies that may contribute to understanding hepatokine signaling under healthy and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O Jensen-Cody
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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