1
|
Wang S, Chen B, Du R, Zhong M, Zhang C, Jin X, Cui X, Zhou Y, Kang Q, Xu H, Li Y, Wu Q, Tong G, Luo L. An herbal formulation "Shugan Xiaozhi decoction" ameliorates methionine/choline deficiency-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through regulating inflammation and apoptosis-related pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118127. [PMID: 38583728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shugan Xiaozhi (SGXZ) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has been used clinically for over 20 years and proved to be effective; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of SGXZ decoction remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We analyzed the chemical components, core targets, and molecular mechanisms of SGXZ decoction to improve NASH through network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components, core targets, and related signaling pathways of SGXZ decoction intervention in NASH were predicted using network pharmacology. Molecular docking was performed to verify chemical components and their core targets. The results were validated in the NASH model treated with SGXZ decoction. Mouse liver function was assessed by measuring ALT and AST levels. TC and TG levels were determined to evaluate lipid metabolism, and lipid deposition was assessed via oil red O staining. Mouse liver damage was determined via microscopy following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Liver fibrosis was assessed via Masson staining. Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were performed to detect inflammation and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, MCP1, p53, FAS, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax, Bid, Cytochrome c, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL. In addition, WB and IHC were used to assess protein expression associated with the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. RESULTS Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, and nobiletin in SGXZ decoction were effective chemical components in improving NASH, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were the major core targets. Molecular docking indicated that these chemical components and major core targets might interact. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the pathways affected by SGXZ decoction, primarily including apoptosis and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, interfere with NASH. In vivo experiments indicated that SGXZ decoction considerably ameliorated liver damage, fibrosis, and lipid metabolism disorder in MCD-induced NASH mouse models. In addition, WB and IHC verified the underlying molecular mechanisms of SGXZ decoction as predicted via network pharmacology. SGXZ decoction inhibited the activation of apoptosis-related pathways in MCD-induced NASH mice. Moreover, SGXZ decoction suppressed the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in MCD-induced NASH mice. CONCLUSION SGXZ decoction can treat NASH through multiple targets and pathways. These findings provide new insights into the effective treatment of NASH using SGXZ decoction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Bohao Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Ruili Du
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science of Luoyang Polytechnic, No. 6 Keji Avenue, Yibin District, Henan, 471099, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ankang, 725000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Qinyang Kang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China.
| | - Lidan Luo
- Department of Hepatology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.15, Yingchun Road, Luohu District, Guangdong, 518033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Demirel-Yalciner T, Cetinkaya B, Sozen E, Ozer NK. Impact of Seipin in cholesterol mediated lipid droplet maturation; status of endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipophagy. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111933. [PMID: 38588730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defined by the increased number of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes, have risen continuously in parallel with the obesity. LDs and related proteins are known to affect cellular metabolism and signaling. Seipin, one of the most important LD-related proteins, plays a critical role in LD biogenesis. Although the role of adipose tissue-specific Seipin silencing is known, hepatocyte-specific silencing upon cholesterol-mediated lipid accumulation has not been investigated. In our study, we investigated the effect of Seipin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipophagy in cholesterol accumulated mouse hepatocyte cells. In this direction, cholesterol accumulation was induced by cholesterol-containing liposome, while Seipin mRNA and protein levels were reduced by siRNA. Our findings show that cholesterol containing liposome administration in hepatocytes increases both Seipin protein and number of large LDs. However Seipin silencing reduced the increase of cholesterol mediated large LDs and Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) mRNA. Additionally, lysosome-LD colocalization increased only in cells treated with cholesterol containing liposome, while the siRNA against Seipin did not lead any significant difference. According to our findings, we hypothesize that Seipin silencing in hepatocytes reduced cholesterol mediated LD maturation as well as GRP78 levels, but not lipophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center (METIFLAM), Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Bengu Cetinkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey; Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center (METIFLAM), Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiang X, Gao J, Su D, Shi D. The advancements in targets for ferroptosis in liver diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1084479. [PMID: 36999078 PMCID: PMC10043409 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1084479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death caused by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, and its core is an imbalance of redox reactions. Recent studies showed that ferroptosis played a dual role in liver diseases, that was, as a therapeutic target and a pathogenic factor. Therefore, herein, we summarized the role of ferroptosis in liver diseases, reviewed the part of available targets, such as drugs, small molecules, and nanomaterials, that acted on ferroptosis in liver diseases, and discussed the current challenges and prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Xiang
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danyang Su
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Doudou Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, The Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tu P, Tang Q, Mo Z, Niu H, Hu Y, Wu L, Chen Z, Wang X, Gao B. Dietary Administration of Black Raspberries and Arsenic Exposure: Changes in the Gut Microbiota and Its Functional Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020207. [PMID: 36837826 PMCID: PMC9967196 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has linked berries to a variety of health benefits. We previously reported that administration of a diet rich in black raspberries (BRBs) impacted arsenic (As) biotransformation and reduced As-induced oxidative stress. To further characterize the role of the gut microbiota in BRB-mediated As toxicity, we utilized the dietary intervention of BRBs combined with a mouse model to demonstrate microbial changes by examining associated alterations in the gut microbiota, especially its functional metabolites. Results showed that BRB consumption changed As-induced gut microbial alterations through restoring and modifying the gut microbiome, including its composition, functions and metabolites. A number of functional metabolites in addition to bacterial genera were significantly altered, which may be linked to the effects of BRBs on arsenic exposure. Results of the present study suggest functional interactions between dietary administration of black raspberries and As exposure through the lens of the gut microbiota, and modulation of the gut microbiota and its functional metabolites could contribute to effects of administration of BRBs on As toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe Mo
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Huixia Niu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (B.G.)
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (B.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li K, Zheng J, Liu H, Gao Q, Yang M, Tang J, Wang H, Li S, Sun Y, Chang X. Whole-transcriptome sequencing revealed differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNAs played crucial roles in NiONPs-induced liver fibrosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114308. [PMID: 36410144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) induced liver fibrosis, while its mechanisms associated with transcriptome remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in NiONPs-induced liver fibrosis, and further confirm whether JNK/c-Jun pathway enriched by the DE RNAs was involved in the regulation of the disease. A liver fibrosis rat model was established by intratracheal perfusion of NiONPs twice a week for 9 weeks. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was applied to obtain expression profiles of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the model rat and control liver tissues. Comparing the RNA expression profiles of the model and control liver tissues, we identified 324 DE mRNAs, 129 DE lncRNAs, 24 DE miRNAs and 33 DE circRNAs, and the potential interactions among them were revealed by constructing two co-expression networks, including lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. Using RT-qPCR, we verified the sequencing results of some RNAs in the networks and obtained similar expression profiles, indicating our sequencing results were reliable and referable. Through Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, we predicted the biological functions and signaling pathways potentially related to NiONPs-induced liver fibrosis, such as "positive regulation of JNK cascade", "inflammatory response", "transcription factor binding", and MAPK, Wnt, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. JNK/c-Jun pathway, a subclass of MAPK signal, was selected for further investigation because it was significantly enriched by fibrosis-related DE genes and activated in animal models. In vitro, we detected the cytotoxicity of NiONPs on LX-2 cells and treated the cells with 5 μg/ml NiONPs for 12 h. The results showed NiONPs induced the up-regulated protein expression of fibrotic factors collagen-1a1 (Col-1a1) and matrix metalloproteinas2 (MMP2) and JNK/c-Jun pathway activation. While these effects were reversed after JNK/c-Jun pathway was blocked by SP600125 (JNK pathway inhibitor), indicating the pathway was involved in NiONPs-induced excessive collagen formation. In conclusion, our results revealed the DE mRNAs and ncRNAs played crucial roles in NiONPs-induced liver fibrosis, and JNK/c-Jun pathway mediated the development of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinfa Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiarong Tang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Public Health, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingbiao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo Y, Jiao Q, Chen Y. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-the responder to lipotoxicity and modulator of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1073-1085. [PMID: 36657744 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2170780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs with aberrant lipid accumulation and resultant adverse effects and widely exists in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis and actively participates in NAFLD pathological processes, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Such acknowledges drive the discovery of novel NAFLD biomarker and therapeutic targets and the development of ER-stress targeted NAFLD drugs. AREAS COVERED This article discusses and updates the role of ER stress and UPR in NAFLD, the underlying action mechanism, and especially their full participation in NAFLD pathophysiology. It characterizes key molecular targets useful for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and highlights the recent ER stress-targeted therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. EXPERT OPINION Targeting ER Stress is a valuable and promising strategy for NAFLD treatment, but its smooth translation into clinical application still requires better clarification of the different UPR patterns in diverse NAFLD physiological states. Further understanding of the distinct effects of these various patterns on NAFLD, the thresholds deciding their final impacts, and their actions via non-liver tissues and cells would be of great help to develop a precise and effective therapy for NAFLD. [Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sasunova AN, Goncharov AA, Morozov SV, Isakov VA. Modification of dietary patterns in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:973-978. [PMID: 36286977 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.08.201773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To assess efficacy of dietary patterns modification with the use of specialized food in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Materials and methods. We developed new specialized food (SPP2) based on literature data on the role of dietary patterns in pathogenesis of NASH. It contained -3 PUFAs, soluble dietary fiber, phospholipids, -lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, complex of vitamins. Patients with NASH (per EASL guidelines), were invited to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to receive either isocaloric diet (ICD) alone (based on the results of indirect calorimetry Cosmed, Italy) or isocaloric diet with specialized food (2 portions of SPP2 a day), for 14 days. Repeated examinations of body composition with phase angle analysis (InBody, Republic of Korea) and blood chemistry were performed at baseline (BL) and after 14 days (EOT). The patients were advised to follow usual physical activity during the study. Non-parametric statistics was used to compare BL and EOT characteristics in the groups.
Results. The groups did not differ by age, proportion of females, and baseline characteristics of body composition. Adherence to the diet was 87.5% in the ICD group and 88.2% in the ICD+SPP group (p=0.65). Compliance with the use of SPP was 100%. In the ICD+SPP group significant reduction of body weight was achieved (117.530.1 kg initially, vs 114.928.8 kg at EOT; p=0.007), whereas in the ICD group it was not statistically significant (106.722.1 kg at BL vs 104.016.8 kg at EOT, respectively; p=0.07). In contrast to the ICD group, in those who received ICD+SPP significant decrease in cholesterol (5.31.3 mmol/L at BL vs 4.61.3 mmol/L at EOT; p=0.003), LDL (3.71.0 mmol/L vs 3.31.0 mmol/L, respectively; p=0.009), alkaline phosphatase (132.699.1 vs 112.087.0 U/L; p=0.04), GGT (54.533.2 vs 37.519.7 U/L; p=0.04), insulin resistance index (6.13.2 vs 3.21.5, respectively; p=0.04) was detected.
Conclusion. Modification of dietary patterns with the use of a specialized food in combination with low-calorie diet allows achieving significant reduction of weight and improve lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, reduce severity of cholestasis in patients with NASH.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sozen E, Demirel-Yalciner T, Sari D, Ozer NK. Cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes mediates IRE1/p38 branch of endoplasmic reticulum stress to promote nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:1-7. [PMID: 35995397 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), based on the elevating obesity incidence, is one of the major health issue worldwide. Transition from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is driven by increased apoptosis and is relevant to higher morbidity rates. In regard to limited understanding on cholesterol mediated hepatocyte alterations in NALFD/NASH transition, we investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and related apoptosis. Our findings suggest that cholesterol upregulates ER stress and enhances C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) either in hypercholesterolemic rabbits or in hepatocytes treated with liposome-cholesterol complex. Mechanistically, cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes activates IRE1/p38 branch of ER stress, stimulating CHOP levels. In liver tissues of cholesterol fed rabbits, α-tocopherol supplementation decreased IRE1/p38/CHOP activation and prevented NASH development. Thus, our study provides a critical role of hepatocyte cholesterol in inducing IRE1/p38/CHOP pathway and suggests novel candidates for therapeutic targets against NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Dyana Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanaka-Yachi R, Otsu R, Takahashi-Muto C, Kiyose C. Delta-Tocopherol Suppresses the Dysfunction of Thermogenesis due to Inflammatory Stimulation in Brown Adipocytes. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1647-1653. [PMID: 36310052 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions as a radiator for thermogenesis and helps maintain body temperature and regulate metabolism. Inflammatory signals have been reported to inhibit PGC-1α activation and UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. Inflammation is mainly caused by cell hypertrophy and macrophage invasion due to obesity, and invading macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL1β, and IL6, which suppress the thermogenesis in BAT. Tocopherol is a lipid-soluble vitamin with anti-inflammatory effects is expected to contribute to the suppression of inflammation in adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of tocopherols, α-tocopherol (α-toc) and δ-tocopherol (δ-toc), against brown adipocyte inflammation and thermogenesis dysfunction.Inflammatory stimulation by TNF-α, a major inflammatory cytokine, significantly decreased the protein expression levels of UCP1 and PGC-1α in rat primary brown adipocytes. The pre-incubation of α-toc or δ-toc significantly suppressed the decrease in UCP1 and PGC-1α expression and lipid accumulation. Additionally, α-toc and δ-toc suppress the induction of ERK1/2 gene expression, implying that an antiinflammatory effect is involved in this protective effect. We fed mice a high-fat diet for 16 weeks and investigated the effects of α-toc and δ-toc in the diet. Intake of α-toc and δ-toc significantly suppressed weight gain and hypertrophy of brown adipocytes. Our results suggest that α-toc and δ-toc suppress the dysfunction of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes due to inflammation and contribute to the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Tanaka-Yachi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development
| | - Rena Otsu
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Chie Takahashi-Muto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences
| | - Chikako Kiyose
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sumida Y, Yoneda M, Seko Y, Takahashi H, Hara N, Fujii H, Itoh Y, Yoneda M, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Role of vitamin E in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:391-403. [PMID: 34715296 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and hepatic failure/liver transplantation. Indeed, NASH will soon be the leading cause of HCC and liver transplantation. Lifestyle intervention represents the cornerstone of NASH treatment, but it is difficult to sustain. However, no pharmacotherapies for NASH have been approved. Oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of NASH. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses have confirmed that vitamin E reduces transaminase activities and may resolve NASH histopathology without improving hepatic fibrosis. However, vitamin E is not recommended for the treatment of NASH in diabetes, NAFLD without liver biopsy, NASH cirrhosis, or cryptogenic cirrhosis. Nevertheless, vitamin E supplementation may improve clinical outcomes in patients with NASH and bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. Further studies are warranted to confirm such effects of vitamin E and that it would reduce overall mortality/morbidity without increasing the incidence of cardiovascular events. Future clinical trials of the use of vitamin E in combination with other anti-fibrotic agents may demonstrate an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect. Vitamin E is the first-line pharmacotherapy for NASH, according to the consensus of global academic societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Nagisa Hara
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|