1
|
Lodge M, Dykes R, Kennedy A. Regulation of Fructose Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 39062559 PMCID: PMC11274671 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevations in fructose consumption have been reported to contribute significantly to an increased incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases in industrial countries. Mechanistically, a high fructose intake leads to the dysregulation of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and causes elevations in inflammation and drives the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high fructose consumption is considered to be toxic to the body, and there are ongoing measures to develop pharmaceutical therapies targeting fructose metabolism. Although a large amount of work has summarized the effects fructose exposure within the intestine, liver, and kidney, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how fructose both indirectly and directly influences immune cell recruitment, activation, and function in metabolic tissues, which are essential to tissue and systemic inflammation. The most recent literature demonstrates that direct fructose exposure regulates oxidative metabolism in macrophages, leading to inflammation. The present review highlights (1) the mechanisms by which fructose metabolism impacts crosstalk between tissues, nonparenchymal cells, microbes, and immune cells; (2) the direct impact of fructose on immune cell metabolism and function; and (3) therapeutic targets of fructose metabolism to treat NAFLD. In addition, the review highlights how fructose disrupts liver tissue homeostasis and identifies new therapeutic targets for treating NAFLD and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall Campus, Box 7622, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Dun Y, Qi D, Ripley-Gonzalez JW, Dong J, Zhou N, Qiu L, Zhang J, Zeng T, You B, Liu S. Intermittent fasting activates macrophage migration inhibitory factor and alleviates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13068. [PMID: 37567977 PMCID: PMC10421944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Switching to normal diet (ND) is the regular therapy for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intermittent fasting (IF) is a unique treatment which may exhibits better therapeutic efficacy. Thus, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of these treatments and exploring the mechanisms. In the present study, NAFLD mouse model was induced by a 10-week HFD. Thereafter, mice adopted continued HFD, ND, or IF for the next 12 weeks. Finally, the liver was then harvested to assess lipid deposition, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy, while blood was collected to determine blood glucose and insulin. The results showed that IF and ND treatment improved lipid deposition and metabolic disorder of NAFLD mice; the increasing body weight, liver weight, and HOMA-IR index of HFD mice were also alleviated by IF and ND. Furthermore, IF and ND treatment activated the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/AMPK pathway and regulated its downstream autophagy and apoptosis. However, the efficacy of IF was better than ND. Both IF and ND activates MIF signaling and alleviate the lipotoxicity of NAFLD while IF therapy is more effective than ND. The different MIF up-regulation might be the underlying mechanism of why IF benefits more than ND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Li
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dake Qi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey W Ripley-Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nanjiang Zhou
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tanghao Zeng
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baiyang You
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hope S, Nærland T, Olav Kolset S, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Nordstrøm M. Systemic immune profile in Prader-Willi syndrome: elevated matrix metalloproteinase and myeloperoxidase and reduced macrophage inhibitory factor. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:185. [PMID: 37430349 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental syndrome with highly increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent evidence suggests that inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis. Here we investigated CVD related immune markers to shed light on pathogenetic mechanisms. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study with 22 participants with PWS and 22 healthy controls (HC), and compared levels of 21 inflammatory markers that reflect activity in different aspects of CVD related immune pathways and analyzed their association with clinical CVD risk factors. RESULTS Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was (median (range)) 121 (182) ng/ml in PWS versus 44 (51) ng/ml in HC, p = 1 × 10-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO) was 183 (696) ng/ml versus 65 (180) ng/ml, p = 1 × 10-5) and macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) was 46 (150) ng/ml versus 121 (163) ng/ml (p = 1 × 10-3), after adjusting for age and sex. Also other markers tended to be elevated (OPG, sIL2RA, CHI3L1, VEGF) but not significantly after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.002). As expected PWS had higher body mass index, waist circumference, leptin, C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), VAI and cholesterol, but MMP-9, MPO and MIF remained significantly different in PWS after adjustment for these clinical CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION PWS had elevated levels of MMP-9 and MPO and of reduced levels of MIF, which were not secondary to comorbid CVD risk factors. This immune profile suggests enhanced monocyte/neutrophil activation, impaired macrophage inhibition with enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings warrant further studies targeting these immune pathways in PWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Hope
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Nevsom, Department of Rare Diagnoses and Disabilities, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Terje Nærland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nevsom, Department of Rare Diagnoses and Disabilities, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Olav Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen, TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Nordstrøm
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Frambu Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Siggerud, Norway
- Unit for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders, Movement, Muscle and Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du Y, Hao H, Ma H, Liu H. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute kidneyinjury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:945827. [PMID: 36117692 PMCID: PMC9478040 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.945827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple etiologies and pathogenesis, which lacks early biomarkers and targeted therapy. Recently, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family protein have received increasing attention owing to its pleiotropic protein molecule character in acute kidney injury, where it performed a dual role in the pathological process. macrophage migration inhibitory factor and macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 are released into the peripheral circulation when Acute kidney injury occurs and interact with various cellular pathways. On the one hand, macrophage migration inhibitory factor exerts a protective effect in anti-oxidation and macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 promotes cell proliferation and ameliorates renal fibrosis. On the other hand, macrophage migration inhibitory factor aggravates renal injury as an upstream inflammation factor. Herein, we provide an overview on the biological role and possible mechanisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 in the process of Acute kidney injury and the clinical application prospects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Du
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Hao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbao Liu, ; Heng Ma,
| | - Hongbao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbao Liu, ; Heng Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang M, Wu S, Cai W, Ming X, Zhou Y, Chen X. Hypoxia-induced MIF induces dysregulation of lipid metabolism in Hep2 laryngocarcinoma through the IL-6/JAK-STAT pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:82. [PMID: 36042480 PMCID: PMC9426221 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypoxia is a common feature of laryngocarcinoma. Alterations in lipid metabolism are an important metabolic rewiring phenomenon for malignant cells to maintain their rapid proliferation in the hypoxic microenvironment, which makes most cancers, including laryngocarcinoma, difficult to cure. However, the mechanisms involved in lipid metabolism in laryngocarcinoma is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the changes in lipid metabolism of laryngocarcinoma cells under hypoxic conditions and explore the related mechanisms. Methods Hep2 cells were incubated in a normoxic or hypoxic environment (5% CO2 and 1% O2) at 37 °C for 24 h. CCK-8 cell viability assay and colony formation assay were performed to detect cells proliferation. And lipid metabolic indices including TG and NEFA were determined by kits. The mechanism involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism was explored by RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis. The MIF inhibitor ISO-1 and JAK inhibitor XL019 were used to verify the mechanism. Finally, a tumour xenograft model was applied to further verify these results in vivo. Results Hypoxia promoted cell proliferation and increased the levels of TG and NEFA in Hep2 cells. Three genes, MIF, ENO2, and LDHA, that were screened by the intersection of hypoxia gene sets and fatty gene sets and were verified by qPCR. The MIF levels were elevated when cells were exposed to hypoxia. Through GSEA and RNA-seq analysis, the JAK/STAT pathway was screened. Hypoxia increased MIF levels and activated the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway. The MIF inhibitor ISO-1inhibited cell proliferation under hypoxia and reversed the change in TG levels and IL-6 levels. And ISO-1 reversed the expression pattern of the screened genes in the JAK/STAT pathway. Finally, a tumour xenograft model further verified these results in vivo. Conclusion Hypoxia induced reprogramming of lipid metabolism in laryngocarcinoma cells through the MIF/IL-6/JAK-STAT pathway. This study revealed one mechanism that allows laryngocarcinoma cells to adapt to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Therefore, a drug targeting the MIF/IL-6/JAK-STAT pathway might be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of laryngocarcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01693-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Sa Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weisong Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ming
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|