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Abdelsalam HM. GABA Administration Ameliorates the Toxicity of Doxorubicin on CSF and the Brain of Albino Rats. Ann Neurosci 2024; 31:12-20. [PMID: 38584977 PMCID: PMC10996873 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231161911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain and is a non-proteinogenic amino acid. Doxorubcin (DOX) or adriamycin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer. Purpose This study focused on diminishing the brain injury and neurotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) by GABA administration. Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 rats each), which were the control group, DOX group (3 mg/kg for 4 weeks, then 2 mg/kg for 2 weeks), GABA group (2 mg/kg for 21 days), and DOX + GABA group (treated as the second and third groups). Neurotoxicity and brain injury were assessed by determining CSF biomarkers, serum inflammatory markers, and histopathological evaluation of the cerebral cortex. Results DOX treatment significantly increased the levels of all CSF biomarkers (S100B, IL-1β, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), spectrin breakdown products (SBDP145), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and all inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), causing extensive neutrophilic infiltration and great alteration in the cerebral cortex architecture as evidence of neurotoxicity. The oral administration of GABA significantly reduced the levels of all CSF biomarkers and inflammatory markers and restored the normal architecture of the cerebral cortex, with observed ameliorations in neutrophilic infiltration. Conclusion GABA administration can ameliorate neurotoxicity and protect the brain against the negative effects of DOX treatment.
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2
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Rousta N, Aslan M, Yesilcimen Akbas M, Ozcan F, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ. Effects of fungal based bioactive compounds on human health: Review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7004-7027. [PMID: 36794421 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2178379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the first years of history, microbial fermentation products such as bread, wine, yogurt and vinegar have always been noteworthy regarding their nutritional and health effects. Similarly, mushrooms have been a valuable food product in point of both nutrition and medicine due to their rich chemical components. Alternatively, filamentous fungi, which can be easier to produce, play an active role in the synthesis of some bioactive compounds, which are also important for health, as well as being rich in protein content. Therefore, this review presents some important bioactive compounds (bioactive peptides, chitin/chitosan, β-glucan, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-carnitine, ergosterol and fructooligosaccharides) synthesized by fungal strains and their health benefits. In addition, potential probiotic- and prebiotic fungi were researched to determine their effects on gut microbiota. The current uses of fungal based bioactive compounds for cancer treatment were also discussed. The use of fungal strains in the food industry, especially to develop innovative food production, has been seen as promising microorganisms in obtaining healthy and nutritious food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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3
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Chien RC, Chen SY, Mishchuk DO, Slupsky CM. Hydrophilic Metabolite Composition of Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia of Edible Mushroom Species (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:27-40. [PMID: 37831510 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms have two components, the fruiting body, which encompasses the stalk and the cap, and the mycelium, which supports the fruiting body underground. The part of the mushroom most commonly consumed is the fruiting body. Given that it is more time consuming to harvest the fruiting body versus simply the mycelia, we were interested in understanding the difference in metabolite content between the fruiting bodies and mycelia of four widely consumed mushrooms in Taiwan: Agrocybe cylindracea (AC), Coprinus comatus (CC), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (HM). In total, we identified 54 polar metabolites using 1H NMR spectroscopy that included sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, nucleosides and purine/pyrimidine derivatives, sugars, and others. Generally, the fruiting bodies of AC, CC, and HM contained higher amounts of essential amino acids than their corresponding mycelia. Among fruiting bodies, HE had the lowest essential amino acid content. Trehalose was the predominant carbohydrate in most samples except for the mycelia of AC, in which the major sugar was glucose. The amount of adenosine, uridine, and xanthine in the samples was similar, and was higher in fruiting bodies compared with mycelia, except for HM. The organic acid and sugar alcohol content between fruiting bodies and mycelia did not tend to be different. Although each mushroom had a unique metabolic profile, the metabolic profile of fruiting bodies and mycelia were most similar for CC and HE, suggesting that the mycelia of CC and HE may be good replacements for their corresponding fruiting bodies. Additionally, each mushroom species had a unique polar metabolite fingerprint, which could be utilized to identify adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao-Chi Chien
- Bei Huang Biotechnology Ltd., Taoyuan City, 334001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Darya O Mishchuk
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. Davis, California, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. Davis, California, 95616-5270, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis. Davis, California, 95616-5270, USA
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Farris NW, Hamidoghli A, Bae J, Won S, Choi W, Biró J, Lee S, Bai SC. Dietary Supplementation with γ-Aminobutyric Acid Improves Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Non-Specific Immunity and Disease Resistance against Streptococcus iniae in Juvenile Olive Flounder, Paralichthysolivaceus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030248. [PMID: 35158571 PMCID: PMC8833569 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a very important biomolecule that is found in all lifeforms and serves innumerable essential biological functions in pathways ranging from neural transmission to metabolism and immunity. In recent years, GABA was identified as an important metabolite involved in the modulation of the gut microbiome, and even appetite, in fish. The current trial aims to assess the effects of GABA as a supplement for nutritionally important biomarkers of fish health. Our results show that approximately 229–282 mg/kg of the total dietary GABA has important benefits for juvenile olive flounder, most significantly with improved disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Abstract Recent research is increasingly shedding light on the important role that microbial metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play in the context of nutrition, cognition, immune function, and the modulation of the gut microbiome. Yet, very few trials were conducted to assess the effects of its supplementation on biomarkers of fish health. Therefore, an eight-week feeding trial was devised to evaluate GABA supplementation in juvenile olive flounder, (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 630 fish with an average weight of 4.90 ± 0.10 g (±SD) were randomly assigned to one of seven triplicate groups and fed a non-GABA supplemented diet (CON, with 92 mg/kg GABA content), a positive control with 4 g/kg oxytetracycline (OTC), and five other diets supplemented with 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg GABA (corresponding to a total GABA content of 154, 229, 282, 327 and 352 mg/kg, respectively). Growth, blood chemistry, nonspecific immunity, digestive enzyme activity and disease resistance were assessed. The results showed that 100 and 150 mg/kg GABA supplementation consistently yielded significant improvements (p < 0.05) in growth, intestinal amylase, serum lysozyme, and survival against infection with Streptococcus iniae. Based on polynomial analysis, the optimal supplementation level was determined to be 237 mg/kg. These results support GABA as an important functional feed additive in juvenile olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W. Farris
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Ali Hamidoghli
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Jinho Bae
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Seonghun Won
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Janka Biró
- Research Centre for Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary;
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Sungchul C. Bai
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (N.W.F.); (A.H.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (W.C.)
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Program, Busan 48547, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (S.C.B.)
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5
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Le PH, Diep TT, Nguyen NTA, Tran KD, Tran TTM, Le TT. Evaluation of physicochemical properties of soymilk prepared from germinated soybean. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Hong Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tung Thanh Diep
- Department of Chemical Engineering Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | | | - Khoa Dang Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Mai Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thien Trung Le
- Department of Food Engineering Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Li N, Wu X, Zhuang W, Xia L, Chen Y, Zhao R, Yi M, Wan Q, Du L, Zhou Y. Soy and Isoflavone Consumption and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Trials in Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900751. [PMID: 31584249 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To assess the existing evidence of associations between consumption of soy and isoflavone and multiple health outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS This is an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of randomized trials and observational studies in humans. 114 Meta-analyses and systematic reviews are identified with 43 unique outcomes. Soy and isoflavone consumption seems more beneficial than harmful for a series of health outcomes. Beneficial associations are identified for cancers, cardiovascular disease, gynecological, metabolic, musculoskeletal, endocrine, neurological, and renal outcomes, particularly in perimenopausal women. Harmful association is only found for gastric cancer (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.36) for high intake of miso soup (1-5 cups per day) in male. CONCLUSION Generally, soy and isoflavone consumption is more beneficial than harmful. The results herein support promoting soy intake as part of a healthy diet. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengshi Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianyi Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Du
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine/Cochrane Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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7
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Nishiyama T, Sulistyaningdyah WT, Ueda K, Kusakabe H. GABA enzymatic assay kit. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:118-125. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1661768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We developed an enzymatic assay system enabling easy quantification of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The reaction of GABA aminotransferase obtained from Streptomyces decoyicus NBRC 13977 was combined to those of the previously developed glutamate assay system using glutamate oxidase and peroxidase. The three-enzyme system allowing GABA-dependent dye formation due to the oxidative coupling between 4-aminoantipyrine and Trinder’s reagent enabled accurate quantification of 0.2 − 150 mg/L GABA. A pretreatment mixture consisting of glutamate oxidase, ascorbate oxidase and catalase eliminating glutamate, ascorbate, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, was also prepared to remove those inhibitory substances from samples. Thus, constructed assay kit was used to measure the GABA content in tomato samples. The results were almost the same as that obtained by the conventional method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The kit will become a promising tool especially for the on-site measurement of GABA content in agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishiyama
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
- Enzyme Sensor Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Ueda
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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8
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Le PH, Le TT, Raes K. Effects of pH and heat treatment on the stability of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinated soymilk. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Hong Le
- Research Group VEG‐i‐TEC Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Belgium
- Department of Chemical Engineering Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thien Trung Le
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Food Science and Technology Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Katleen Raes
- Research Group VEG‐i‐TEC Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Belgium
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9
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Xing A, Li X, Jiang C, Chen Y, Wu S, Zhang J, An L. As a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, γ-Aminobutyric Acid Upregulates GluR2 Expression: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900001. [PMID: 31090246 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) possesses extensive physiological functions and can be directly obtained from foods. GABA-enriched functional foods have been developed and the commercial demands for GABA are increasing. GABA is widely recognized as a central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmitter and plays an important role in some diseases by binding to its receptors. However, some of the functions of GABA are not explained by neurotransmission or GABA receptor pathways. Therefore, this study investigates whether GABA has the potential to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC). METHODS AND RESULTS It is found that GABA inhibits HDAC1/2/3 expression and upregulates histone acetylation levels (Ace-H3K9/Ace-H4K12) in SH-SY5Y cells (which express GABA receptors), 3T3-L1 cells (which do not express GABA receptors), and the cerebral cortex in mice. Glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) is a subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor and is implicated in the pathogenesis of some neurological diseases. It is also found that GABA increases GluR2 expression by inhibiting HDAC1/2 but not HDAC3. CONCLUSION A novel role for GABA is demonstrated in which it acts as an HDAC inhibitor. The present study expands the horizons for exploring the non-neurotransmitter functions of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Xing
- The School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- The School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Congmin Jiang
- The School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- The School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sining Wu
- The School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- The School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li An
- The School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Iwatani S, Yamamoto N. Functional food products in Japan: A review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Lee J, Nonaka S, Takayama M, Ezura H. Utilization of a Genome-Edited Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with High Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Content in Hybrid Breeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:963-971. [PMID: 29314836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a nonproteogenic amino acid with health-promoting functions. Although tomato fruits have a relatively high GABA content compared with other crops, levels must be further increased to effectively confer the health-promoting functions. In this study, we evaluated the potential of the genome-edited tomato as a breeding material for producing high-GABA hybrid tomatoes. Hybrid lines were produced by crossing the genome-edited tomato with a pure line tomato cultivar, "Aichi First", and were evaluated for GABA accumulation and other fruit traits. The hybrid lines showed high GABA accumulation in the fruits, which was sufficiently high for expecting health-promoting functions and had minimal effects on other fruit traits, suggesting that the high GABA is a dominant trait and that the genome-edited tomato would be useful as a parental line of hybrid cultivars. These results also indicate that genome editing technology is useful for the rapid breeding of high-GABA hybrid tomato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Lee
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoko Nonaka
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mariko Takayama
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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12
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Wu Q, Shah NP. High γ-aminobutyric acid production from lactic acid bacteria: Emphasis on Lactobacillus brevis as a functional dairy starter. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3661-3672. [PMID: 26980301 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1147418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA-rich foods have shown anti-hypertensive and anti-depressant activities as the major functions in humans and animals. Hence, high GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could be used as functional starters for manufacturing novel fermented dairy foods. Glutamic acid decarboxylases (GADs) from LAB are highly conserved at the species level based on the phylogenetic tree of GADs from LAB. Moreover, two functionally distinct GADs and one intact gad operon were observed in all the completely sequenced Lactobacillus brevis strains suggesting its common capability to synthesize GABA. Difficulties and strategies for the manufacture of GABA-rich fermented dairy foods have been discussed and proposed, respectively. In addition, a genetic survey on the sequenced LAB strains demonstrated the absence of cell envelope proteinases in the majority of LAB including Lb. brevis, which diminishes their cell viabilities in milk environments due to their non-proteolytic nature. Thus, several strategies have been proposed to overcome the non-proteolytic nature of Lb. brevis in order to produce GABA-rich dairy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Wu
- a Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- a Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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13
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Lin SD, Wu YT, Lo YC, Mau JL. Quality characteristics of centrifuged broth from blanched Pleurotus eryngii
and its application as instant drink. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dun Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Hungkuang University; 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 43302 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Hungkuang University; 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 43302 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chang Lo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng-Leun Mau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227 Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Tanaka M, Yoshino Y, Takeda S, Toda K, Shimoda H, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Fermented Rice Germ Extract Alleviates Morphological and Functional Damage to Murine Gastrocnemius Muscle by Inactivation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. J Med Food 2017; 20:969-980. [PMID: 28956710 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and function, is mainly observed in elderly people. In this study, we investigated whether fermented rice germ extract (FRGE) has some effects on the mouse gastrocnemius muscle by using behavioral and morphological analyses, Western blotting, and a murine model of immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. Daily oral FRGE administration increased muscle weight and strength. In addition, myofiber size in gastrocnemius muscle of FRGE-treated mice was increased as revealed by morphological quantification. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which inhibits protein synthesis and stimulates protein degradation in gastrocnemius muscle, was significantly attenuated in the FRGE-treated mice compared with control mice. Expression level of forkhead box 3a (FOXO3a) protein was also significantly decreased in the FRGE-treated group. Moreover, the decrease in mean myofiber cross-sectional area in immobilized hindlimb in vehicle-treated mice was inhibited by FRGE treatment in histological analysis. In conclusion, FRGE increased the strength and weight of gastrocnemius muscle and myofiber size, and reduced immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in mice. These findings indicated that FRGE might be beneficial in preventing motor dysfunction in a range of conditions, including sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Tanaka
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Shogo Takeda
- 2 Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. , Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Toda
- 2 Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. , Ichinomiya, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- 1 Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University , Gifu, Japan
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15
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Gong J, Huang J, Xiao G, You Y, Yuan H, Chen F, Liu S, Mao J, Li B. Determination of γ
-aminobutyric acid in Chinese rice wines and its evolution during fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 People's Republic of China
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences; Clemson University; SC 29634 USA
- Shaoxing Testing Institute of Quality Technical Supervision; Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 People's Republic of China
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru You
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 People's Republic of China
| | - Haina Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences; Clemson University; SC 29634 USA
| | - Shiwang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 People's Republic of China
| | - Bobin Li
- Shaoxing Testing Institute of Quality Technical Supervision; Shaoxing 312000 People's Republic of China
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Sen S, Roy S, Bandyopadhyay G, Scott B, Xiao D, Ramadoss S, Mahata SK, Chaudhuri G. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Is Synthesized and Released by the Endothelium: Potential Implications. Circ Res 2016; 119:621-34. [PMID: 27354210 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, is found in the systemic circulation of humans at a concentration between 0.5 and 3 μmol/L. However, the potential source of circulating GABA and its significance on the vascular system remains unknown. We hypothesized that endothelial cells (ECs) may synthesize and release GABA to modulate some functions in the EC and after its release into the circulation. OBJECTIVE To assess whether GABA is synthesized and released by the EC and its potential functions. METHODS AND RESULTS Utilizing the human umbilical vein ECs and aortic ECs, we demonstrated for the first time that ECs synthesize and release GABA from [1-(14)C]glutamate. Localization of GABA and the presence of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase in EC were confirmed by immunostaining and immunoblot analysis, respectively. The presence of GABA was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry in the EC lining the human coronary vessel. EC-derived GABA regulated the key mechanisms of ATP synthesis, fatty acid, and pyruvate oxidation in EC. GABA protected EC by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species generation and prevented monocyte adhesion by attenuating vascular cell adhesion molecule -1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expressions. GABA had no relaxing effect on rat aortic rings. GABA exhibited a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure. However, the fall in BP was abolished after pretreatment with pentolinium. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate novel potential functions of endothelium-derived GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvajit Sen
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.).
| | - Sohini Roy
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.)
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.)
| | - Bari Scott
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.)
| | - Daliao Xiao
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.)
| | - Sivakumar Ramadoss
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.)
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.)
| | - Gautam Chaudhuri
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.S., S.R., B.S., S.R., G.C.) and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (G.C.) David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S., G.C.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, VA San Diego Health Care System (G.B., S.K.M.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA (D.X.).
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17
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Rackwitz R, Gäbel G. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) permeates ovine ruminal and jejunal epithelia, mainly by passive diffusion. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:38-45. [PMID: 26987460 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) represents the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. GABA is also produced in plants and/or by the microbial conversion of amino acids. Thus, ruminants may be forced to take up significant amounts of GABA from their diet. However, it is not known whether exogenously acquired GABA might permeate the gastrointestinal barrier in such quantities as to induce systemic alterations. Thus, this study pursues the question of where within the ruminant's GI tract and by which pathways GABA may be taken up from the ingesta. The jejunal and ruminal epithelia of sheep were mounted in Ussing chambers under short-circuit conditions. The flux rates of radiolabelled GABA from the mucosal to the serosal side (Jms ) and vice versa (Jsm ) were measured. GABA was applied in various concentrations with adjustment of the mucosal pH to 6.1 or 7.4. Furthermore, beta-alanine or glycine was used as a competitive inhibitor for GABA transport. In both the jejunal and ruminal epithelium, the Jms of GABA was linearly correlated to the mucosal GABA concentration. However, Jms across the jejunal epithelium was approximately 10-fold higher than Jms across the ruminal epithelium. When 0.5 mmol/l GABA was applied on both sides of the epithelium, no net flux could be observed in the jejunal epithelia. Additionally, there was no effect of decreased mucosal pH or the application of glycine or beta-alanine under these conditions. The Jms and Jsm of GABA were linearly correlated to the transepithelial conductance. Our results suggest that GABA is taken up from the small intestine rather than from the rumen. Due to the lack of influence of pH and competitive inhibitors, this uptake seems to occur primarily via passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rackwitz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Gäbel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Joung HY, Kang YM, Lee BJ, Chung SY, Kim KS, Shim I. Sedative-Hypnotic and Receptor Binding Studies of Fermented Marine Organisms. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:479-85. [PMID: 26336589 PMCID: PMC4556209 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the sedative-hypnotic activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enriched fermented marine organisms (FMO), including sea tangle (FST) and oyster (FO) by Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 (L. brevis BJ20). FST and FO were tested for their binding activity of the GABAA-benzodiazepine and 5-HT2C receptors, which are well-known molecular targets for sleep aids. We also measured the sleep latency and sleep duration during pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice after oral administration of FST and FO. In GABAA and 5-HT2C receptor binding assays, FST displayed an effective concentration-dependent binding affinity to GABAA receptor, similar to the binding affinity to 5-HT2C receptor. FO exhibited higher affinity to 5-HT2C receptor, compared with the GABAA receptor. The oral administration of FST and FO produced a dose-dependent decrease in sleep latency and increase in sleep duration in pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. The data demonstrate that FST and FO possess sedative-hypnotic activity possibly by modulating GABAA and 5-HT2C receptors. We propose that FST and FO might be effective agents for treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Joung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701 ; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701
| | | | | | - Sun Yong Chung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701
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19
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Wu Q, Law YS, Shah NP. Dairy Streptococcus thermophilus improves cell viability of Lactobacillus brevis NPS-QW-145 and its γ-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis ability in milk. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12885. [PMID: 26245488 PMCID: PMC4526857 DOI: 10.1038/srep12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most high γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producers are Lactobacillus brevis of plant origin, which may be not able to ferment milk well due to its poor proteolytic nature as evidenced by the absence of genes encoding extracellular proteinases in its genome. In the present study, two glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) genes, gadA and gadB, were found in high GABA-producing L. brevis NPS-QW-145. Co-culturing of this organism with conventional dairy starters was carried out to manufacture GABA-rich fermented milk. It was observed that all the selected strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, but not Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, improved the viability of L. brevis NPS-QW-145 in milk. Only certain strains of S. thermophilus improved the gadA mRNA level in L. brevis NPS-QW-145, thus enhanced GABA biosynthesis by the latter. These results suggest that certain S. thermophilus strains are highly recommended to co-culture with high GABA producer for manufacturing GABA-rich fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Wu
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yee-Song Law
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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20
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Hudec J, Kobida Ľ, Čanigová M, Lacko-Bartošová M, Ložek O, Chlebo P, Mrázová J, Ducsay L, Bystrická J. Production of γ-aminobutyric acid by microorganisms from different food sources. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1190-1198. [PMID: 25043158 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potentially bioactive component of foods and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was screen lactic acid bacteria belonging to the Czech Collection of Microorganisms, and microorganisms (yeast and bacteria) from 10 different food sources for GABA production by fermentation in broth or plant and animal products. RESULTS Under an aerobic atmosphere, very low selectivity of GABA production (from 0.8% to 1.3%) was obtained using yeast and filamentous fungi, while higher selectivity (from 6.5% to 21.0%) was obtained with bacteria. The use of anaerobic conditions, combined with the addition of coenzyme (pyridoxal-5-phosphate) and salts (CaCl2 , NaCl), led to the detection of a low concentration of GABA precursor. Simultaneously, using an optimal temperature of 33 °C, a pH of 6.5 and bacteria from banana (Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families), surprisingly, a high selectivity of GABA was obtained. A positive impact of fenugreek sprouts on the proteolytic process and GABA production from plant material as a source of GABA precursor was identified. CONCLUSIONS Lactic acid bacteria for the production of new plant and animal GABA-rich products from different natural sources containing GABA precursor can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Hudec
- Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovakia
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Yamakoshi J, Fukuda S, Satoh T, Tsuji R, Saito M, Obata A, Matsuyama A, Kikuchi M, Kawasaki T. Antihypertensive and Natriuretic Effects of Less-Sodium Soy Sauce Containing γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:165-73. [PMID: 17213662 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of less-sodium soy sauce containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). When SHRs were given a diet with less-sodium soy sauce containing GABA (GABA-rich soy sauce group) for 6 weeks, the systolic blood pressure decreased as compared with that in rats fed diets with less-sodium soy sauce or a solution of salt. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and positive Na balance were reduced, and the urinary Na excretion tended to increase in the GABA-rich soy sauce group. Vascular hypertrophy of the thoracic aorta and the coronary and renal interlobular arteries tended to reduce in the GABA-rich soy sauce group. These results suggest that inhibition of Na retention by natriuresis, as a result of inhibition of RSNA by the GABA in the soy sauce contributed to the antihypertensive effect of GABA in the SHRs. Intake of less-sodium soy sauce containing GABA might help to reduce overall cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamakoshi
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Japan.
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23
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Lentil-based diets attenuate hypertension and large-artery remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:690-8. [PMID: 24063808 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for CVD, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension is expected to continue increasing, and current pharmacological treatments cannot alleviate all the associated problems. Pulse crops have been touted as a general health food and are now being studied for their possible effects on several disease states including hypertension, obesity and diabetes. In the present study, 15-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed diets containing 30% w/w beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, or mixed pulses or a pulse-free control diet for 4 weeks. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were placed on a control diet. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured weekly, while blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline and week 4. Fasting serum obtained in week 4 of the study was analysed for circulating lipids. A histological analysis was carried out on aortic sections to determine vascular geometry. Of all the pulse varieties studied, lentils were found to be able to attenuate the rise in BP in the SHR model (P< 0·05). Lentils were able to decrease the media:lumen ratio and media width of the aorta. The total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol levels of rats fed the pulse-based diets were found to be lower when compared with those of the WKY rat and SHR controls (P< 0·05). Although all pulses reduced circulating TC and LDL-C levels in the SHR, only lentils significantly reduced the rise in BP and large-artery remodelling in the SHR, but had no effect on PWV. These results indicate that the effects of lentils on arterial remodelling and BP in the SHR are independent of circulating LDL-C levels.
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Expression and characterization of a glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis 877G producing γ-aminobutyric acid. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:853-6. [PMID: 23563537 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate decarboxylase of γ-aminobutyric acid-producing Lactobacillus brevis 877G (LbGAD) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimal pH and temperature for the purified LbGAD activity were respectively determined to be pH 5.2 and 45 °C. CaCl2 was shown to be a potent activator of this LbGAD activity. The kinetic parameters for LbGAD were a Km value of 3.6 mmol/L and a Vmax value of 0.06 mmol/L/min for L-monosodium glutamate.
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Effects of Processing and NaCl on Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content During Sufu Manufacturing. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Al-Wadei HAN, Ullah MF, Al-Wadei MH. Intercepting neoplastic progression in lung malignancies via the beta adrenergic (β-AR) pathway: implications for anti-cancer drug targets. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:33-40. [PMID: 22487140 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of signaling cascades involved in the induction, promotion, and progression of cancer, although advanced in recent years, is still incomplete. Tracing the imbalance of the impaired, physiologically-essential cellular signaling that drives the neoplastic process is a complex issue. This review discusses the role of the regulator of the fight or flight response, the beta-adrenergic signaling cascade, as a mediator of cancer growth and progression in in vitro and in vivo cancer models. We review a series of experiments from our own laboratory and those of others examining the contribution of this signaling network to lung and other human malignancies and thereby identifying potential targets for chemotherapeutic interventions. The stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor by lifestyle and environmental factors, as well as a preexisting risk for neoplasm, activates downstream effector molecules (adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/PKA/CREB) concomitant to the transactivation of related pathways (EGFR) that lead to pro-oncogenic signaling; this β-adrenergic pathway thereby encourages cancer growth by evasion of apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. GABAergic signaling acts as an antagonist to the β-adrenergic cascade by intercepting adenylyl cyclase activation, and thereby neutralizing the pro-oncogenic effects of β-adrenergic stimulation. The regulation of cancer cell growth by neurobiological signals expands the possibilities for pharmacological interventions in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A N Al-Wadei
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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27
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Lamberts L, Joye IJ, Beliën T, Delcour JA. Dynamics of γ-aminobutyric acid in wheat flour bread making. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kanehira T, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Horie K, Horie N, Furugori K, Sauchi Y, Yokogoshi H. Relieving occupational fatigue by consumption of a beverage containing γ-amino butyric acid. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:9-15. [PMID: 21512285 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on both psychological and physical fatigue and on the performance advances for task solving, we assigned an arithmetic task for the Uchida-Kraepelin Psychodiagnostic Test (UKT) to 30 healthy Japanese subjects, 9 of whom were diagnosed as having chronic fatigue. The subjects were administered 250 mL of a test beverage containing GABA at the dose of 0, 25, and 50 mg before assigning task for the UKT. Psychological fatigue assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was significantly lower in the group administrated the beverage containing 50 mg GABA than in the control group (p<0.05). The results of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) also indicated that psychological fatigue was significantly reduced in the 50-mg-GABA group. The salivary secretion levels of chromogranin A and cortisol-markers of physical fatigue-in both 25-mg and 50-mg-GABA groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The 50-mg-GABA group also showed higher score on UKT by solving the arithmetic task more accurately than the control group (p<0.01). The results suggest that intake of GABA-containing beverages, especially those containing 50 mg of GABA, may help reduce both psychological and physical fatigue and improve task-solving ability.
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Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of water-soluble proanthocyanidins from persimmon leaf tea in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:1435-9. [PMID: 21821959 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of water-soluble proanthocyanidins, extracted in persimmon leaf tea, were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats, rat aortas, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oral administration of proanthocyanidins significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure of the rats after 4 h, as compared with distilled water controls. A vasorelaxant effect on rat aortas was induced by proanthocyanidins, and it was abolished by removal of the endothelium and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase activity. The phosphorylation levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser-1177) and the upstream kinase Akt (Ser-473) in umbilical cells also increased in a time-dependent manner after the addition of a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction. These results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of proanthocyanidins in persimmon leaf tea is due to vasorelaxation via an endothelium-dependent nitric oxide/cGMP pathway, and that proanthocyanidins might be useful in dietary lowering of blood pressure.
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Al-Wadei HAN, Ullah MF, Al-Wadei M. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), a non-protein amino acid counters the β-adrenergic cascade-activated oncogenic signaling in pancreatic cancer: a review of experimental evidence. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1745-58. [PMID: 21805621 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GABA is a bioactive constituent of fruits, vegetables, cereals and is believed to play a role in defense against stress in plants. In animals, it acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain while also expressed in non-neuronal cells. Studies have implicated the regulator of fight or flight stress responses, β-AR signaling cascade, as mediators of cancer growth and progression in in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic malignancies. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in western countries. This malignancy is generally unresponsive to conventional radio- and chemotherapy, resulting in mortality rate near 100% within 6 months of diagnosis. We review a series of experiments from our laboratory and those of others examining the contribution of this signaling network to pancreatic and other human malignancies. Stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor by lifestyle and environmental factors, as well as a pre-existing risk of neoplasm, activates downstream effector molecules that lead to pro-oncogenic signaling and thereby aid cancer growth. GABAergic signaling mediated by the serpentine receptor GABA(B) acts as an antagonist to β-adrenergic cascade by intercepting adenylyl cyclase. These evidences enhance the pharmacological value of human diets rich in GABA for use as an adjuvant to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A N Al-Wadei
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Torimitsu M, Nagase R, Yanagi M, Homma M, Sasai Y, Ito Y, Hayamizu K, Nonaka S, Hosono T, Kise M, Seki T, Ariga T. Replacing white rice with pre-germinated brown rice mildly ameliorates hyperglycemia and imbalance of adipocytokine levels in type 2 diabetes model rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 56:287-92. [PMID: 21228498 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.56.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pre-germinated brown rice (PR) has been developed industrially in order to enhance the nutritional functions of its source material, brown rice (BR). The present study was aimed at clarifying the effect of PR on the type 2 diabetes mellitus. We employed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as a model of type-2 diabetes mellitus. OLETF rats were fed on either PR or white rice (WR) from the age of 4 to 35 wk. Age-matched male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats as a non-diabetic control were also fed on WR. The HbA(1c) level in OLETF rats was significantly higher than that in LETO rats. However, the level was lower in PR-fed OLETF rats than in WR-fed OLETF rats. The plasma concentrations of TNF-α and PAI-1 in OLETF rats were higher than those in LETO rats. However, both elevated levels were decreased by the PR-feeding, but not by the WR-feeding. On the other hand, the plasma adiponectin concentration in OLETF rats was lower than that in LETO rats. The decrease in adiponectin level of OLETF rats was ameliorated by PR-feeding. The size of adipocytes in PR-fed OLETF rats was smaller than that in WR-fed OLETF rats. In summary, intake of PR instead of WR ameliorates both insulin resistance and imbalance of the levels of plasma adipocytokines leading to diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Torimitsu
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University College of Bioresouce Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Servili M, Rizzello CG, Taticchi A, Esposto S, Urbani S, Mazzacane F, Di Maio I, Selvaggini R, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Functional milk beverage fortified with phenolic compounds extracted from olive vegetation water, and fermented with functional lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 147:45-52. [PMID: 21458095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional milk beverages (FMB100 and FMB200) fortified with phenolic compounds (100 and 200mg/l) extracted from olive vegetable water, and fermented with γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)-producing (Lactobacillus plantarum C48) and autochthonous human gastro-intestinal (Lactobacillus paracasei 15N) lactic acid bacteria were manufactured. A milk beverage (MB), without addition of phenolic compounds, was used as the control. Except for a longer latency phase of FMB200, the three beverages showed an almost similar kinetic of acidification, consumption of lactose and synthesis of lactic acid. Apart from the beverage, Lb. plantarum C48 showed a decrease of ca. Log 2.52-2.24 cfu/ml during storage. The cell density of functional Lb. paracasei 15N remained always above the value of Log 8.0 cfu/ml. During fermentation, the total concentration of free amino acids markedly increased without significant (P > 0.05) differences between beverages. The concentration of GABA increased during fermentation and further storage (63.0 ± 0.6-67.0 ± 2.1mg/l) without significant (P > 0.05) differences between beverages. After fermentation, FMB100 and FMB200 showed the same phenolic composition of the phenol extract from olive vegetable water but a different ratio between 3,4-DHPEA and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA. During storage, the concentrations of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, p-HPEA and verbascoside of both FMB100 and FMB200 decreased. Only the concentration of 3,4-DHPEA increased. As shown by SPME-GC-MS analysis, diactetyl, acetoin and, especially, acetaldehyde were the main volatile compounds found. The concentration of phenolic compounds does not interfere with the volatile composition. Sensory analyses based on triangle and paired comparison tests showed that phenolic compounds at the concentrations of 100 or 200mg/l were suitable for addition to functional milk beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Servili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Park MK, Cho IH, Lee S, Choi HK, Kwon DY, Kim YS. Metabolite profiling of Cheonggukjang, a fermented soybean paste, during fermentation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Pu-erh tea is known as a fermented tea and longer storage enhances its flavor and taste. Recently, Aspergillus, Blastobotrys, and Streptomyces are found to play important roles in nutritional enhancement of Pu-erh tea by fermentation. Since water and temperature affect the microbial growth, we therefore explored the factors that might enhance the Pu-erh tea fermentation. The results showed that the addition of fresh tea-leaf extract (TLE) enhanced the withered tea fermentation (at 37 degrees C, 80 to 85% RH) as compared with the water only. Contents of statin, GABA, gallic acid, DPPH scavenging and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were increased, whereas polyphenols and caffeine were decreased over 6 mo. TLE dose-dependently enhanced some of the qualities (that is, statin, PPO) of Pu-erh tea significantly as compared with the water only. The effect was related to the increase population of A. niger and A. carbonarius at 6 mo (from 7.6 +/- 1.2 x 10(1) and 3.2 +/- 1.3 x 10(1) to 3.1 +/- 1.2 x 10(6) and 2.4 +/- 1.1 x 10(5) colony forming units [CFU]/g, respectively). After drying process (90 degrees C, 30 min), the total microbial count from these samples returned to background level (3 +/- 0.5 x 10(2) CFU/g). None of ochratoxin and fumonisin, toxins from Aspergillus, was detected in the final products. The flavor and taste were also enhanced by treatment with TLE. The inoculation with S. cinereus Y11 with 2% TLE further enhanced these functional contents (about 2-fold increase of statin level) in the experimental Pu-erh tea. Therefore, this result may add a new process for Pu-erh tea manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Hou
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Yuanpei Univ., Taiwan
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Namgung HJ, Park HJ, Cho IH, Choi HK, Kwon DY, Shim SM, Kim YS. Metabolite profiling of doenjang, fermented soybean paste, during fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1926-35. [PMID: 20572059 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fermented soybean paste known as doenjang is a traditional fermented food that is widely consumed in Korea. The quality of doenjang varies considerably by its basic ingredients, species of microflora, and fermentation process. The classification of predefined metabolites (e.g. amino acids, organic acids, sugars and sugar derivatives, and fatty acids) in doenjang samples according to fermentation was performed by using GC-FID and GC-MS data sets with the application of a multivariate statistical method. RESULTS The predominantly produced amino acids included alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, glutamine, phenylalanine and lysine, showing remarkable increases in amounts during the later stages of fermentation. Carbonic acid, citric acid, lactic acid and pyrogultamic acid were identified as the major organic acids. Significant amounts of erythrose, xylitol, inositol and mannitol were detected during fermentation. Regarding fatty acids, relatively higher amounts of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were found in the doenjang at each fermentation time point. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully demonstrated changes in composition patterns as well as differences in non-volatile metabolites according to fermentation period. CONCLUSION A set of metabolites could be determined representing the quality of doenjang during fermentation, and which might also be correlated with taste ingredients, flavour, nutrition, and physiology activities that are claimed to be dependent on the quality control of commercial doenjang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Namgung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ewha Woman's University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
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Bioactivities and sensory evaluation of Pu-erh teas made from three tea leaves in an improved pile fermentation process. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:557-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Li H, Cao Y. Lactic acid bacterial cell factories for gamma-aminobutyric acid. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1107-16. [PMID: 20364279 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid that is widely present in organisms. Several important physiological functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid have been characterized, such as neurotransmission, induction of hypotension, diuretic effects, and tranquilizer effects. Many microorganisms can produce gamma-aminobutyric acid including bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Among them, gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing lactic acid bacteria have been a focus of research in recent years, because lactic acid bacteria possess special physiological activities and are generally regarded as safe. They have been extensively used in food industry. The production of lactic acid bacterial gamma-aminobutyric acid is safe and eco-friendly, and this provides the possibility of production of new naturally fermented health-oriented products enriched in gamma-aminobutyric acid. The gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing species of lactic acid bacteria and their isolation sources, the methods for screening of the strains and increasing their production, the enzymatic properties of glutamate decarboxylases and the relative fundamental research are reviewed in this article. And the potential applications of gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing lactic acid bacteria were also referred to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
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Schuller HM, Al-Wadei HAN, Majidi M. GABA B receptor is a novel drug target for pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2008; 112:767-78. [PMID: 18098271 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Smoking, diabetes, and pancreatitis are risk factors. It has been shown that the growth of PDAC and pancreatic duct epithelial cells is regulated by beta-adrenoreceptors (beta-ARs). The activity of beta-ARs in the central nervous system is counteracted by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via GABA B receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. The aim of the study was to investigate if GABA B R inhibits beta-AR signaling in PDAC and pancreatic duct epithelial cells, thus blocking driving forces of cancer progression, such as cell proliferation and cell migration. METHODS Intracellular cAMP was measured by immunoassays, DNA synthesis by BrdU incorporation assays, activation of ERK1/2 by ERK activation assays, and Western blots and metastatic potential by cell migration assays in the human PDAC cell lines PANC-1 and BXPC-3 and immortalized human pancreatic duct epithelial cells HPDE6-C7. The expression of norepinephrine, PKAR IIalpha, and GABA in PDAC microarrays was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS.: Stimulation of the GABA B R by GABA or baclofen inhibited isoproterenol-induced cAMP signaling below base levels. ERK1/2 activity in response to isoproterenol was blocked by GABA, an effect enhanced by transient overexpression of the GABA B R and abolished by GABA B R knockdown. DNA synthesis and cell migration were stimulated by isoproterenol, responses blocked by GABA and baclofen. Norepinephrine and PKAR IIalpha were overexpressed while GABA was underexpressed in human PDAC tissue arrays. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest the stimulation of GABA B R signaling as a novel target for the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard M Schuller
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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Saito T, Matsukura C, Sugiyama M, Watahiki A, Ohshima I, Iijima Y, Konishi C, Fujii T, Inai S, Fukuda N, Nishimura S, Ezura H. Screening for γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-rich Tomato Varieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2503/jjshs1.77.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Saito T, Fukuda N, Iikubo T, Inai S, Fujii T, Konishi C, Ezura H. Effects of Root-volume Restriction and Salinity on the Fruit Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2503/jjshs1.77.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shindo M, Kasai T, Abe A, Kondo Y. Effects of dietary administration of plant-derived anthocyanin-rich colors to spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:90-3. [PMID: 17484387 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have beneficial effects such as free radical scavenging activity. We investigated the effects of continuous administration of colors from purple corn (PCC), purple sweet potato (PSC) and red radish (RRC) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). These are rich in anthocyanins. Animals were fed with diets containing PCC, PSC or RRC (1 mass% of diets) for 15 wk. While the body weight and the daily food intake of administered rats were not different from those of the non-administered control rats through the experimental period, the blood pressure and the heart rate of SHR administered each color decreased as compared to the control group from the early stage of administration. These results suggest that plant-derived colors containing anthocyanins have anti-hypertensive effects on hypertensive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shindo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Jeng KC, Chen CS, Fang YP, Hou RCW, Chen YS. Effect of microbial fermentation on content of statin, GABA, and polyphenols in Pu-Erh tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:8787-92. [PMID: 17880152 DOI: 10.1021/jf071629p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Besides cancer prevention, the hypolipidemic effects of tea have been well studied in animals and humans. Recently, statin has been identified in Pu-erh tea extract. Clinical trials have confirmed that statin decreases the incidence of major coronary and cerebrovascular events and this may be due to its hypolipidemic and antiinflammatory effects. Since a good Pu-erh tea needs longer storage (10 years or more) of fermentation to enhance the flavor and fragrance, we screened microorganisms from two Pu-erh teas, 20 and 25 years old. Species of fungi and bacteria strains that contributed to a good taste of Pu-erh tea were isolated. The effect of fermentation was investigated by inoculating fresh tea leaves with individual strains of isolated microorganisms. Results showed that statin, total polyphenol content, and the scavenging activities of alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals increased during fermentation. Tea leaves inoculated with Streptomyces bacillaris strain R9 had the highest polyphenol content (3.3 mg/100 g) and scavenging ability to DPPH radicals (92%). Streptomyces cinereus strain Y11 was equally good for polyphenol content but yielded the highest amount of statin (1012 ng/g) after 42 days of fermentation. Interestingly, the statin content of fresh tea leaves fermented with strain R9 or Y11 after 180 days was much higher (4- and 8-fold, respectively) than that of the 25-year-old Pu-erh tea (513 ng/g) as measured by the HPLC method. Similarly, these two strains also increased the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 5.7- and 4.7-fold in tea fermented for 180 days as compared with the fresh leaves (1270 microg/g) and that were higher than that of the Pu-erh tea (4900 microg/g). Taken together, the present results indicate that tea short-term fermented with S. bacillaris or S. cinereus enhances the color and content of statin, GABA, and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Ching Jeng
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Medical Technology and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Park KB, Oh SH. Production of yogurt with enhanced levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and valuable nutrients using lactic acid bacteria and germinated soybean extract. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:1675-9. [PMID: 17055264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Yogurt with high levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), free amino acids and isoflavones was developed using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and germinated soybean extract. Fermented soya milk (GABA soya yogurt) produced with starter and substrate had the GABA concentration of 424.67 microg/gDW, whereas fermented milk produced by a conventional method had GABA less than 1.5 microg/gDW. The GABA soya yogurt also contained significantly high levels of free amino acids and isoflavones compared with other conventional yogurts. The results suggested that the Lactobacillus brevis OPY-1 and germinated soybean possessed a prospect to be applied in dairy and other health products with high nutritive values and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Park
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Woosuk University, Jeonju 565-701, Republic of Korea
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Abdou AM, Higashiguchi S, Horie K, Kim M, Hatta H, Yokogoshi H. Relaxation and immunity enhancement effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration in humans. Biofactors 2006; 26:201-8. [PMID: 16971751 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520260305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The effect of orally administrated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on relaxation and immunity during stress has been investigated in humans. Two studies were conducted. The first evaluated the effect of GABA intake by 13 subjects on their brain waves. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were obtained after 3 tests on each volunteer as follows: intake only water, GABA, or L-theanine. After 60 minutes of administration, GABA significantly increases alpha waves and decreases beta waves compared to water or L-theanine. These findings denote that GABA not only induces relaxation but also reduces anxiety. The second study was conducted to see the role of relaxant and anxiolytic effects of GABA intake on immunity in stressed volunteers. Eight acrophobic subjects were divided into 2 groups (placebo and GABA). All subjects were crossing a suspended bridge as a stressful stimulus. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in their saliva were monitored during bridge crossing. Placebo group showed marked decrease of their IgA levels, while GABA group showed significantly higher levels. In conclusion, GABA could work effectively as a natural relaxant and its effects could be seen within 1 hour of its administration to induce relaxation and diminish anxiety. Moreover, GABA administration could enhance immunity under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham M Abdou
- Department of Research and Development, Pharma Foods International Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan.
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