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McMahon E, El-Sayed S, Green J, Hoyle C, FitzPatrick L, Jones EV, Corrie E, Kelly RL, Challinor M, Freeman S, Bryce RA, Lawrence CB, Brough D, Kasher PR. Brazilin is a natural product inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. iScience 2024; 27:108968. [PMID: 38327788 PMCID: PMC10847679 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive or aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been implicated in the progression and initiation of many inflammatory conditions; however, currently no NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have been approved for therapeutic use in the clinic. Here we have identified that the natural product brazilin effectively inhibits both priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cultured murine macrophages, a human iPSC microglial cell line and in a mouse model of acute peritoneal inflammation. Through computational modeling, we predict that brazilin can adopt a favorable binding pose within a site of the NLRP3 protein which is essential for its conformational activation. Our results not only encourage further evaluation of brazilin as a therapeutic agent for NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases, but also introduce this small-molecule as a promising scaffold structure for the development of derivative NLRP3 inhibitor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McMahon
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and the University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Sherihan El-Sayed
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Jack Green
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and the University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Christopher Hoyle
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and the University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Lorna FitzPatrick
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK
| | - Emma V. Jones
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK
| | - Eve Corrie
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK
| | - Rebecca L. Kelly
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK
| | - Mairi Challinor
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard A. Bryce
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine B. Lawrence
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and the University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and the University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Paul R. Kasher
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and the University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
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Park JI, Kim SJ, Kim YJ, Lee SJ. Protective role of Caesalpinia sappan extract and its main component brazilin against blue light-induced damage in human fibroblasts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:7025-7034. [PMID: 36057446 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a well-known factor that causes skin aging. Recently, with the development of technology, the skin has been exposed to not only the UV radiation but also the blue light from electronic devices. Blue light is a high-energy visible light that penetrates deep into the dermal layer, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulting in skin aging. In this study, we searched for candidate materials that can inhibit blue light-induced skin aging and found Caesalpinia sappan extract (CSE) to be effective. METHODS Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were treated with various concentrations of CSE and brazilin and exposed to blue light. We measured that antioxidant activity, MMP-1 levels using MMP-1 ELISA, changes in collagen type 1, collagen type 3, MMP-1, and MMP-3 mRNA expressions, and ROS generation. RESULTS We confirmed that CSE has high absorption of blue light and antioxidant activity. Blue light irradiation at 30 J/cm2 decreased the expression of collagen types 1 and 3, increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and 3, and decreased the production of ROS in human dermal fibroblasts as compared to those of the nonirradiated group. However, pretreatment with CSE protected against the damage caused by the blue light. Brazilin, a major constituent of C. sappan, had high absorbance in the blue light region and antioxidant activities. Pretreatment with brazilin also inhibited the damage caused by the blue light in the cells. CONCLUSION CSE and brazilin are potential agents for inhibiting skin aging caused by blue light-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Il Park
- Creation & Innovation Research Center, IN2BIO, Hwaseong-si, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Creation & Innovation Research Center, IN2BIO, Hwaseong-si, Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Creation & Innovation Research Center, IN2BIO, Hwaseong-si, Korea
| | - Seung Ji Lee
- Creation & Innovation Research Center, IN2BIO, Hwaseong-si, Korea
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Pattananandecha T, Apichai S, Julsrigival J, Ogata F, Kawasaki N, Saenjum C. Antibacterial Activity against Foodborne Pathogens and Inhibitory Effect on Anti-Inflammatory Mediators' Production of Brazilin-Enriched Extract from Caesalpinia sappan Linn. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131698. [PMID: 35807650 PMCID: PMC9269513 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood was collected from Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Crude extracts were prepared by Soxhlet’s extraction using 50, 60, and 70% of ethanol (EtOH) at 50, 60, and 70 °C, and the brazilin content was measured using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens and anti-inflammatory aspects were investigated. C. sappan, prepared from 70% EtOH at 70 °C (E70T70), significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited the highest amount of brazilin (7.90 ± 0.50% w/w). All extracts were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity through an inhibition effect on nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) production in HT-29 and HCT116 was also studied. All the extracts inhibited NO, iNOS, and COX-2 production induced by combined lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ, especially E70T70, indicating the highest inhibition effect among other extracts. Additionally, E70T70 was selected to determine the antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The result showed that 200 µg/mL extract reduced all test pathogens 100% at 24 h. These results suggested the potential of using C. sappan L. extract as a natural preservative in food and a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Pattananandecha
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sutasinee Apichai
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jakaphun Julsrigival
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Fumihiko Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan; (F.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Naohito Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan; (F.O.); (N.K.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (S.A.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-89-950-4227
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Brazilin: Biological activities and therapeutic potential in chronic degenerative diseases and cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106023. [PMID: 34883212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan and Haematoxylum brasiletto belong to the Fabaceae family, predominantly distributed in Southeast Asia and America. The isoflavonoid brazilin has been identified from the bark and heartwood of these plants. This review summarizes the studies describing the biological activities of these plants and brazilin. Mainly, brazilin protects cells from oxidative stress, shows anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, and hypoglycemic effect. In addition, it has a biological impact on various pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, fibrillogenesis, and osteoarthritis. Interestingly, most of the antecedents are related to the anticancer effect of brazilin. In several cancers such as osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, multiple myeloma, glioblastoma, bladder, melanoma, breast, tongue, colon, cervical, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma, brazilin induces autophagy by increasing the levels of the LC3-II protein. Furthermore, it inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through increased expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, p21, p27, activation of caspase-3 and -7, and the cleavage of PARP and inhibiting the expression of Bax. In addition, it blocks the expression of JNK and regulates the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Together, these data positions brazilin as a compound of natural origin with multiple bioactivities and therapeutic potential in various chronic degenerative diseases and cancer.
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Effect of Ethanolic Caesalpinia sappan Fraction on In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8060106. [PMID: 34207801 PMCID: PMC8229879 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major epidemic in pig production, leading to economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. The use of medicinal plants with antiviral properties might be useful help to prevent and control PRRSV outbreaks. Caesalpinia sappan (CS) heartwood is an important herbal ingredient used in Thai folk medicine, possessing various biological activities, including antiviral activity. The present study focuses on the in vitro antiviral activity against PRRSV of a semi-purified fraction of ethanolic CS crude extract using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Qualification of the fractions illustrating positive antiviral activity was carried out with liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The preparative chromatography separated the crude extract into six consecutive fractions, among which the first fraction showed potential antiviral activity by inhibiting PRRSV replication in a MARC-145 monolayer (virus titer 2.75 median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/mL (log10) vs. 9.50 median log10 TCID50/mL of the control) at 72 h post-infection, and this fraction included byakangelicin, brazilin, naringenin, and brazilein. These results provide useful information for further study to effectively develop the CS bioactive antiviral compounds against PRRSV as a feed additive or veterinary drug in the pig industry.
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Sappanone A alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocytes injury through inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and activation of PI3K-Akt-Gsk-3β pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222121. [PMID: 32095825 PMCID: PMC7042124 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process involved with the activation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Sappanone A (SA), a homoisoflavanone isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L., could exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Therefore, we assumed that SA has a potential use for preventing against MIRI. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SA treatment on MIRI and its mechanism. Cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were treated with SA for 1 h, followed by 6 h of hypoxia/3 h of reoxygenation. Cell viability assay was detected by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured by spectrophotometry and JC-1 staining. The changes of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K–Akt–Gsk-3β signaling pathway were evaluated by Western blotting. The results showed that SA pretreatment enhanced the cell viability and decreased the activity of myocardial enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SA pretreatment significantly inhibited apoptosis, blocked mPTP opening, suppressed the release of ΔΨm, prevented the cytochrome c releasing from mitochondria into cytoplasm, and repressed the cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Furthermore, SA pretreatment increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Gsk-3β but not of Stat-3. Meanwhile, the protective effect of SA was abrogated by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SA could prevent hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocytes injury through inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and activation of PI3K–Akt–Gsk-3β pathway. Thus, SA may have a potential use for the prevention of MIRI.
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Qi B, Zhang X, Yu H, Bao Y, Wu N, Jia D. Brazilin prevents against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the modulation of Nrf2 via the PKC signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:312. [PMID: 33708939 PMCID: PMC7944319 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Brazilin, a major ingredient of Caesalpinia sappan L., possesses multiple pharmaceutical activities, although whether or not brazilin exerts any protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) has not yet been reported. The present study determined the cardioprotective effects of brazilin, and elucidated the role of nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) in this process. Methods Following treatment with brazilin, H9c2 cells were subjected to 6 h of hypoxia/3 h of reoxygenation. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, after brazilin treatment, isolated rat hearts underwent 30 min of ischemia, followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to measure myocardial infarct size and apoptosis, respectively. The changes in the levels of proteins were detected by western blotting. Results Brazilin treatment dose-dependently led to a significant enhancement in cell viability, a reduction in myocardial infarct size, and a decrease in release of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Moreover, brazilin also remarkably inhibited apoptosis and led to various improvements in cardiac function. Additionally, brazilin treatment caused a marked alleviation of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the fact that brazilin reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GXH-Px). Mechanistically, it was found that brazilin induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, with a concomitant upregulation of both heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) expression. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level and transcriptional activity of Nrf2 were enhanced by brazilin, although these enhancements were abrogated by treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Finally, it was observed that the protective effects of brazilin could be negated through inhibition of Nrf2, which suggested that the cardioprotection afforded by brazilin was Nrf2-dependent. Conclusions Taken together, our results have demonstrated that brazilin may afford protection against MIRI through the activation of Nrf2 via the PKC signaling pathway. These results may lay the foundation for the further use of brazilin in the prevention of MIRI in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yandong Bao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang X, Xiu Z, Du Y, Li Y, Yang J, Gao Y, Li F, Yin X, Shi H. Brazilin Treatment Produces Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1268-1274. [PMID: 31366864 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows depression relevant to oxidative stress and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory strategies or antioxidants have led to the development of new antidepressants. Brazilin is a natural product from the Chinese traditional medicine Caesalpinia sappan L., exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-platelet concentration, and anti-cancer effects. While the antidepressant effect of brazilin is largely unknown. In present study, we investigated the effects of brazilin on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in PC12 cells and on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors of chronically mild stressed (CMS)-induced depression mice. It was found that brazilin pre-treatment (both 10 and 20 µM) significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, repetitive administration of brazilin to CMS-induced depression mice by intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) made the mice significantly lose their latency of feeding in novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSF), have more the sucrose preference in sucrose preference test (SPT), and more time spent in the central zone without affecting their crossing activity in open field test (OFT). These results suggested that brazilin can play a role in antidepressant and anxiolytic-like behaviors for CMS-induced depression mice probably through inhibiting the oxidative stress. Therefore, brazilin is worth to be further explored for treating depressive and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Zi Xiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yiming Li
- Experimental Education Center, Clinical College of Hebei Medical University
| | - Juxiang Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medicinal University
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Shi X, Tao G, Ji L, Tian G. Sappanone A Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Modulation of Nrf2. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:61-71. [PMID: 32021092 PMCID: PMC6955610 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s230358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the onset and development of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). Sappanone A (SA), a homoisoflavanone extracted from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L., has been demonstrated to possess powerful antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the protective effect of SA on MIRI and investigate its underlying mechanism. Methods The rat hearts were isolated and underwent 30-min ischemia, followed by 120-min reperfusion to establish the MIRI model, using the Langendorff method. SA was administrated intraperitoneally into rats 1 h prior to heart isolation. The myocardial infarct size and apoptosis were measured by TTC and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. Myocardial enzyme activity, MDA content and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were detected by colorimetric spectrophotometric method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by DCFH-DA probe. The change in Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blotting. Results SA reduced myocardial infarct size and the release of CK-MB and LDH in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SA improved the recovery of cardiac function, inhibited MIRI-induced apoptosis, repressed the production of ROS and MDA, and enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Mechanistically, SA downregulated Keap1, induced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and enhanced Nrf2 transcriptional activity, subsequently resulting in an increase in the expression of the Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1. Moreover, SA enhanced the phosphorylation of Nfr2, but the enhancement in Nfr2 phosphorylation was abrogated by PKC or PI3K inhibitor. Conclusion Collectively, it was demonstrated that SA prevents MIRI via coordinating the cellular antioxidant defenses and maintaining the redox balance, by modulation of Nrf2 via the PKC or PI3K pathway. Therefore, SA was a potential therapeutic drug for treating MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhou Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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Settharaksa S, Monton C, Charoenchai L. Optimization of Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood extraction procedure to obtain the highest content of brazilin and greatest antibacterial activity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:351-358. [PMID: 31130448 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the work was to optimize the extraction conditions of Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood in order to maximize the brazilin content and antibacterial activity of the extract. METHODS Two independent factors were studied: extraction temperature (45-95 °C) and extraction time (30-60 min). In addition, five dependent factors were monitored, including extraction yield, brazilin content, and clear zones against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518 and Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14961. The brazilin content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and antibacterial activity was determined by disk diffusion assay. RESULTS The high temperature provided high total extract yield as well as brazilin content, while extraction time had little effect on yield or brazilin content. Extraction time had a positive effect, while extraction temperature had little effect on clear zone against S. aureus. The largest clear zone against S. epidermidis was achieved at low extraction temperature and long extraction time. Conversely, short extraction time and high extraction temperature provided the largest clear zone against P. acnes. The optimal conditions providing the highest brazilin content was an extraction temperature and extraction time of 95 °C and 30 min, respectively. The same optimal conditions also provided the simultaneous greatest antibacterial activity against the three bacteria. Modeled optimal conditions were validated be conducting extraction using these values. Yield and antibacterial activity of the resulting extract demonstrated that the model had a low percentage error. CONCLUSION The optimal condition will be used as a standard condition for extraction of C. sappan heartwood to maximize brazilin content and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Settharaksa
- Drug and Herbal Product Research and Development Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Muang, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
| | - Chaowalit Monton
- Drug and Herbal Product Research and Development Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Muang, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Laksana Charoenchai
- Drug and Herbal Product Research and Development Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Muang, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
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Hwang HS, Shim JH. Brazilin and Caesalpinia sappan L. extract protect epidermal keratinocytes from oxidative stress by inducing the expression of GPX7. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lee EB, Xing MM, Kim DK. Lifespan-extending and stress resistance properties of brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:825-835. [PMID: 28667441 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study contributes to the continual discovery of lifespan-extending compounds from plants, using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system. An ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanol extract from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan showed a significant lifespan-extending activity. Subsequent activity-guided chromatography of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction led to the isolation of brazilin. Brazilin showed potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and superoxide anion quenching activities and also revealed a lifespan-extending activity in C. elegans under normal culture conditions. Brazilin also exhibited the protective effects against thermal, oxidative and osmotic stress conditions to improve the survival rate of the nematode. Furthermore, brazilin elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in C. elegans. Further studies showed that brazilin-mediated increased stress tolerance of worms could be due to increased expressions of stress resistance proteins such as heat shock protein (HSP-16.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-3). Besides, there were no significant, brazilin-induced changes in aging-related factors, including progeny production, food intake, and growth, indicating brazilin influences longevity activity independent of affecting these factors. Brazilin increased the body movement of aged worms, indicating brazilin affects the healthspan and lifespan of nematode. These results suggest that brazilin contributes to the lifespan of C. elegans under both normal and stress conditions by increasing the expressions of stress resistance proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Byeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Ming Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, 55338, Republic of Korea.,College of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Tongren University, Guizhou, 554300, China
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, 55338, Republic of Korea.
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Chellappan DR, Purushothaman AK, Brindha P. Gastroprotective potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of Pattanga (Caesalpinia sappan Linn.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:294-305. [PMID: 27484929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pattanga is botanically equated as Caesalpinia sappan Linn. (Family: Caesalpiniaceae) and is used in Ayurveda system of medicine since ages. According to Ayurveda, useful part is Heartwood, which is bitter, astringent and acrid and is useful in vitiated conditions of vata and pitta, burning sensation, wounds, ulcers, leprosy, skin diseases, menorrhagia, leucorrhea, and diabetes. It is used as a major ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations and preparations like Patrangasava, Chandanadya Thalia, and Karpuradyarka. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is planned to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the selected Ayurvedic drug using three different in vivo gastric ulcer models, so as to provide scientific evidence for the Ayurvedic claims. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this study, Wistar albino rats fasted overnight were selected. The hydroalcoholic extract of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood at the dose level 250 and 500mg/kg body weight was selected and administered orally before necrotizing agents. Antioxidant and antiulcer parameters were evaluated and the stomach samples were subjected for histopathological studies. In addition, PGE2 estimation and protein expressions of COX-1, COX-2 and iNOS were analyzed by Western blot. The plant extract was subjected to LCMS/MS analysis. In addition, Cytoprotective effect in isolated gastric mucosal cells, TUNEL Assay, Acid neutralizing capacity assay, H+/K+ ATPase inhibitory assay were performed. RESULTS The ulcer protection was found to be 92%, 86% and 64% against ethanol, NSAID and pylorus ligation induced ulcer respectively. The hydro-alcoholic extract of C. sappan heartwood exhibited cytoprotective effect with 76.82% reduction against indomethacin-induced cytotoxicity at the concentration of 25µg/ml. C. sappan showed 63.91% inhibition in H+/K+ ATPase inhibitory assay at the concentration 500µg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Our results depict that Caesalpinia sappan heartwood possesses gastroprotective activity, possibly mediated through cytoprotection and antioxidant mechanisms. The data obtained in the present study provides scientific support for the traditional use of Caesalpinia sappan in the management of peptic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Raj Chellappan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Arun K Purushothaman
- Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Pemiah Brindha
- Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India.
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de Oliveira MR, da Costa Ferreira G, Brasil FB, Peres A. Pinocembrin Suppresses H2O2-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction by a Mechanism Dependent on the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:989-1003. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kim J, Lee HK, Chang TS, Kang KS, Hwang GS. Inhibitory effect of brazilin on osteoclast differentiation and its mechanism of action. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:628-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nirmal NP, Rajput MS, Prasad RGSV, Ahmad M. Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood and its pharmacological activities: A review. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015. [PMID: 26194825 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) is a plant of Leguminosae family, commonly known as Brazil or Sappan wood. CS is distributed in Southeast Asia and its dried heartwood has been used as traditional ingredient of food or beverages and has a wide variety of medicinal properties. Higher extraction yield of CS wood was achieved with 95% ethanol for 2 h. Chemical constituent's investigation of sappan wood resulted in the isolation of various structural types of phenolic components including one xanthone, one coumarin, three chalcones, two flavones three homoisoflavonoids and brazilin. Brazilin [(6a S-cis)-7, 11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,6a,9,10(6H)- tetrol], a major and active compound found in CS heartwood. Most of the folkloric uses of brazilin were validated by the scientific studies such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-photoaging, hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant, hepatoprotective and anti-acne activity. CS heartwood extract is safe and did not produce any acute or subacute toxicity in both male and female rats. Brazilin is the safe natural compound having potential to develop as a medicinal compound with application in food, beverage, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries to screen its clinical use in modern medicine. The information gained could provide the important and potential approach for pharmaceutical researcher to implicate the knowledge of brazilin in the formulation of new drug and to reveal therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities. More studies are needed to evaluate the potential application of brazilin as preservative and coloring agent in food processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh P Nirmal
- Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Block 10, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Acherfield Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Mithun S Rajput
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MGM Medical College, A.B. Road, Indore 452001, MP, India
| | - Rangabhatla G S V Prasad
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Nano Research for Advanced Materials, Bangalore 5600040, Karnataka, India
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Dapson R, Bain C. Brazilwood, sappanwood, brazilin and the red dye brazilein: from textile dyeing and folk medicine to biological staining and musical instruments. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:401-23. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1021381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tran MH, Nguyen MTT, Nguyen HD, Nguyen TD, Phuong TT. Cytotoxic constituents from the seeds of Vietnamese Caesalpinia sappan. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1549-1554. [PMID: 25858626 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.986686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Caesalpinia sappan Linn. (Leguminosae) has been used in folk medicines for the treatment of many diseases. The heartwood of this plant contains various phenolic components with interesting biological applications; however, the chemical and biological potentials of the seed of this plant have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE This study identified the cytotoxic activity of compounds from the seeds of C. sappan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanol extract of the seed of C. sappan was suspended in H2O and then partitioned with CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and n-BuOH, successively. Diterpenoid compounds were isolated from the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction by silica gel column chromatography methods using organic solvents. The compound structures were determined by detailed analysis of NMR and MS spectral data. Cytotoxic activity was measured using a modified MTT assay against HL-60, HeLa, MCF-7, and LLC cancer cells. The activation of caspase-3 enzyme and western blotting assay were performed to confirm inhibitory mechanism of active compound. RESULTS Five cassane-type diterpenoids were isolated and identified as phanginin I (1), phaginin A (2), phanginin D (3), phanginin H (4), and phanginin J (5). Compounds 1-4 showed effective inhibition against HL-60 cells with the IC50 values of 16.4 ± 1.5, 19.2 ± 2.0, 11.7 ± 1.6, and 22.5 ± 5.1 μM. Compounds 1-3 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with the IC50 values of 28.1 ± 3.6, 37.2 ± 3.4, and 22.7 ± 2.8 μM. Treatment of HL-60 cell lines with various concentrations of 3 (0-30 μM) resulted in the growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that compound 3 (phanginin D) is one of the main active components of the seed of C. sappan activating caspases-3 which contribute to apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Hung Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-HoChiMinh City , HoChiMinh City , Vietnam
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Hung TM, Dang NH, Dat NT. Methanol extract from Vietnamese Caesalpinia sappan induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. Biol Res 2014; 47:20. [PMID: 25028057 PMCID: PMC4101718 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of extracts from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood against multiple cancer cell lines using an MTT cell viability assay. The cell death though induction of apoptosis was as indicated by DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 enzyme activation. Results A methanol extract from C. sappan (MECS) showed cytotoxic activity against several of the cancer cell lines. The most potent activity exhibited by the MECS was against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 26.5 ± 3.2 μg/mL. Treatment of HeLa cells with various MECS concentrations resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis, as indicated by DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 enzyme activation. Conclusion This study is the first report of the anticancer properties of the heartwood of C. sappan native to Vietnam. Our findings demonstrate that C. sappan heartwood may have beneficial applications in the field of anticancer drug discovery.
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Cytotoxic Activity of New Phenolic Compounds from VietnameseCaesalpinia sappan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2378-82. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yan-yan J, Yan L, Ying S, Jinyi Z, Fang D, Yuan S, Ai-dong W. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of brazilin and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:108-13. [PMID: 24095700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caesalpinia sappan is a medicinal plant native to China popularly used to treat chronic pelvic inflammation, dysmenorrhea and hysteromyoma. Its main bioactive component is brazilin which had presented antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation activities. To establish a sensitive, selective, reproducible, and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of brazilin in plasma, and study the pharmacokinetics of brazilin in rats after intravenous administration of brazilin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received intravenous injection of 25, 50 and 100mg/kg of brazilin. Concentrations of brazilin in plasma were determined by HPLC method at different time points and all pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis with WinNonLin 6.2 software. RESULTS After single intravenous doses of 25, 50 and 100mg/kg brazilin in rats, the main PK parameters were as follows: Cmax were 18.1 ± 4.1, 46.7 ± 8.7 and 82.2 ± 9.6 µg/mL; AUC0-24 were 20.4 ± 4.3, 48.7 ± 6.8 and 90.4 ± 10.3 µgh/mL; and t1/2 were 5.4 ± 1.5, 5.8 ± 0.9 and 6.2 ± 1.2h, respectively. CONCLUSION It showed that the brazilin was eliminated moderately in rat by intravenous injection route with t1/2 of 6h and showed a dose-dependence profile of Cmax and AUC0-24 at the doses of 25~100mg/kg of brazilin for injection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan-yan
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Street 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Street 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Song Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Street 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhao Jinyi
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Street 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Dou Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Street 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Sun Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Street 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wen Ai-dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Street 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Cuong TD, Hung TM, Kim JC, Kim EH, Woo MH, Choi JS, Lee JH, Min BS. Phenolic compounds from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood and their anti-inflammatory activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2069-2075. [PMID: 23234407 DOI: 10.1021/np3003673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four new phenolic compounds, caesalpiniaphenols A-D (1-4), together with eight known compounds were isolated from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood. The chemical structures were established mainly by NMR, MS, ECD, and Mosher's method. Compounds 4, 5, and 7 showed weak inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells with IC(50) values of 12.2, 3.5, and 5.7 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Dao Cuong
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea
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The genus Caesalpinia L. (Caesalpiniaceae): phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics. Molecules 2012; 17:7887-902. [PMID: 22751225 PMCID: PMC6269049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Caesalpinia (Caesalpiniaceae) has more than 500 species, many of which have not yet been investigated for potential pharmacological activity. Several classes of chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, diterpenes, and steroids, have been isolated from various species of the genus Caesalpinia. It has been reported in the literature that these species exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antiulcer, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antirheumatic activities that have proven to be efficacious in ethnomedicinal practices. In this review we present chemical and pharmacological data from recent phytochemical studies on various plants of the genus Caesalpinia.
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Lee YR, Noh EM, Han JH, Kim JM, Hwang JK, Hwang BM, Chung EY, Kim BS, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Kim JS. Brazilin inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 674:80-6. [PMID: 22044921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Brazilin (7, 11b-dihydrobenz[b]indeno[1,2-d]pyran-3,6a,9,10 (6H)-tetrol), the major component of Caesalpinia sappan L., is a natural red pigment used for histological staining. Recent studies have shown that brazilin exhibits distinct biological effects, including anti-hepatotoxicity, antiplatelet activity, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of brazilin on MMP-1 and -3 expressions in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Brazilin showed protective effect on UVB-induced loss of cell viability of fibroblasts. Brazilin also blocked significantly UVB-induced Reactive Oxygen Species generation in fibroblasts. Brazilin inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UVB-induced NF-κB activation was completely blocked by treatment with brazilin. These findings suggest that brazilin inhibits UVB-induced MMP-1/3 expressions and secretions by suppressing of NF-κB activation in human dermal fibroblasts. Thus, brazilin might be used as a potential agent for treatment of UV-induced skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Rae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 560-182, Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Han N, Chen X, Yu W, Zhang W, Zou F. Profiles of oxidative stress-related microRNA and mRNA expression in auditory cells. Brain Res 2010; 1346:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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