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O'Donoghue LT, Murphy EG. Nondairy food applications of whey and milk permeates: Direct and indirect uses. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2652-2677. [PMID: 37070222 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Permeates are generated in the dairy industry as byproducts from the production of high-protein products (e.g., whey or milk protein isolates and concentrates). Traditionally, permeate was disposed of as waste or used in animal feed, but with the recent move toward a "zero waste" economy, these streams are being recognized for their potential use as ingredients, or as raw materials for the production of value-added products. Permeates can be added directly into foods such as baked goods, meats, and soups, for use as sucrose or sodium replacers, or can be used in the production of prebiotic drinks or sports beverages. In-direct applications generally utilize the lactose present in permeate for the production of higher value lactose derivatives, such as lactic acid, or prebiotic carbohydrates such as lactulose. However, the impurities present, short shelf life, and difficulty handling these streams can present challenges for manufacturers and hinder the efficiency of downstream processes, especially compared to pure lactose solutions. In addition, the majority of these applications are still in the research stage and the economic feasibility of each application still needs to be investigated. This review will discuss the wide variety of nondairy, food-based applications of milk and whey permeates, with particular focus on the advantages and disadvantages associated with each application and the suitability of different permeate types (i.e., milk, acid, or sweet whey).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eoin G Murphy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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2
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Wienberg F, Hövels M, Deppenmeier U. High-yield production and purification of prebiotic inulin-type fructooligosaccharides. AMB Express 2022; 12:144. [DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDue to the health-promoting effects and functional properties of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (I-FOS), the global market for I-FOS is constantly growing. Hence, there is a continuing demand for new, efficient biotechnological approaches for I-FOS production. In this work, crude inulosucrase InuGB-V3 from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604 was used to synthesize I-FOS from sucrose. Supplementation with 1 mM CaCl2, a pH of 3.5–5.5, and an incubation temperature of 40 °C were found to be optimal production parameters at which crude inulosucrase showed high conversion rates, low sucrose hydrolysis, and excellent stability over 4 days. The optimal process conditions were employed in cell-free bioconversion reactions. By elevating the substrate concentration from 570 to 800 g L−1, the I-FOS concentration and the synthesis of products with a low degree of polymerization (DP) could be increased, while sucrose hydrolysis was decreased. Bioconversion of 800 g L−1 sucrose for 20 h resulted in an I-FOS-rich syrup with an I-FOS concentration of 401 ± 7 g L−1 and an I-FOS purity of 53 ± 1% [w/w]. I-FOS with a DP of 3–11 were synthesized, with 1,1-kestotetraose (DP4) being the predominant transfructosylation product. The high-calorie sugars glucose, sucrose, and fructose were removed from the generated I-FOS-rich syrup using activated charcoal. Thus, 81 ± 5% of the initially applied I-FOS were recovered with a purity of 89 ± 1%.
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Liao X, Li Y, Li Y, Xiong W, Pi X. Optimization of the production conditions of tri-GOS and lactosucrose from lactose and sucrose with recombinant β-galactosidase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:401-411. [PMID: 35792938 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2095575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Few studies expressed the β-galactosidase encoding gene from L. plantarum in E. coli so far. In the present study, the recombinant β-galactosidase from L. plantarum FMNP01 was used as a catalyst in transgalactosylation to form tri-GOS and lactosucrose. In the presence of lactose and sucrose, six transfer products were formed in the transgalactosylation reaction with recombinant β-galactosidase L.pFMNP01Gal as a catalyst. Three transfer products were tri-galacto-oligosaccharides (tri-GOS), lactosucrose, and lactulose; the other three transfer products needed to be identified further. Based on a single factor test and response surface methodological approach, the optimal transgalactosylation conditions of the production of tri-GOS and lactosucrose were determined as initial sugar concentration of 50%, lactose: sucrose ratio of 1:2, enzyme concentration of 3 U/mL, and reaction time of 6 h at 50 °C resulting in a maximum tri-GOS concentration of 47.69 ± 1.36 g/L and a maximum lactosucrose concentration of 8.18 ± 0.97 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Liao
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenming Xiong
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xiaodi Pi
- School of Lingnan Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen, China
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Cheng Z, Yan X, Wu J, Weng P, Wu Z. Effects of freeze drying in complex lyoprotectants on the survival, and membrane fatty acid composition of Lactobacillus plantarum L1 and Lactobacillus fermentum L2. Cryobiology 2022; 105:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kumar Awasthi M, Paul A, Kumar V, Sar T, Kumar D, Sarsaiya S, Liu H, Zhang Z, Binod P, Sindhu R, Kumar V, Taherzadeh MJ. Recent trends and developments on integrated biochemical conversion process for valorization of dairy waste to value added bioproducts: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126193. [PMID: 34710613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, discuss the many ways utilized by the dairy sector to treat pollutants, emphasizing their influence on the quality and efficiency with which contamination is removed. It focuses on biotechnology possibilities for valorizing dairy waste in particular. The findings revealed that dairy waste may be treated using physicochemical, biological, and biotechnological techniques. Notably, this article highlighted the possibility of dairy waste being used as a feedstock not only for the generation of biogas, bioethanol, biohydrogen, microbial fuel cells, lactic acid, and fumaric acid via microbial technology but also for the production of biooil and biochar by pyrolysis. In addition, this article critically evaluates the many treatment techniques available for recovering energy and materials from dairy waste, their combinations, and implementation prospects. Valorization of dairy waste streams presents an opportunity to extend the dairy industry's presence in the fermented functional beverage sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Anindita Paul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210,USA
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Taner Sar
- (f)Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210,USA
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Yañez-Ñeco CV, Cervantes FV, Amaya-Delgado L, Ballesteros AO, Plou FJ, Arrizon J. Synthesis of β(1 → 3) and β(1 → 6) galactooligosaccharides from lactose and whey using a recombinant β-galactosidase from Pantoea anthophila. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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7
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Potential Cultivation of Lactobacillus pentosus from Human Breastmilk with Rapid Monitoring through the Spectrophotometer Method. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the development of a new method to determine the lag phase of Lactobacillus in breast milk which was attained during the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month (M1, M3, and M6). The colonies’ phylogenetic analysis, derived from the 16S rRNA gene sequences, was evaluated with genus Lactobacillus pentosus and achieved a similarity value of 99%. Raman spectroscopy in optical densities of 600 nm (OD600) were used for six consecutive days to observe the changes of the cell growth rate. The values of OD600 were well fitted with the regression model. From this work, M1 was found to be the longest lag phase in 18 h, and it was 17% to 27% longer compared to M3 and M6, respectively. However, the samples of M3 and M6 showed the shortest duration in reaching 0.5 of OD600 nm (16 h) which was enhanced by 80% and 96% compared to M1, respectively. These studies will be of significance when applied in determining the bacteria growth curve and in assessing the growth behavior for the strain in human breast milk.
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Lappa IK, Papadaki A, Kachrimanidou V, Terpou A, Koulougliotis D, Eriotou E, Kopsahelis N. Cheese Whey Processing: Integrated Biorefinery Concepts and Emerging Food Applications. Foods 2019; 8:E347. [PMID: 31443236 PMCID: PMC6723228 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese whey constitutes one of the most polluting by-products of the food industry, due to its high organic load. Thus, in order to mitigate the environmental concerns, a large number of valorization approaches have been reported; mainly targeting the recovery of whey proteins and whey lactose from cheese whey for further exploitation as renewable resources. Most studies are predominantly focused on the separate implementation, either of whey protein or lactose, to configure processes that will formulate value-added products. Likewise, approaches for cheese whey valorization, so far, do not exploit the full potential of cheese whey, particularly with respect to food applications. Nonetheless, within the concept of integrated biorefinery design and the transition to circular economy, it is imperative to develop consolidated bioprocesses that will foster a holistic exploitation of cheese whey. Therefore, the aim of this article is to elaborate on the recent advances regarding the conversion of whey to high value-added products, focusing on food applications. Moreover, novel integrated biorefining concepts are proposed, to inaugurate the complete exploitation of cheese whey to formulate novel products with diversified end applications. Within the context of circular economy, it is envisaged that high value-added products will be reintroduced in the food supply chain, thereby enhancing sustainability and creating "zero waste" processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliada K Lappa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kachrimanidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece.
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | | | - Effimia Eriotou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli, 28100 Kefalonia, Greece.
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Fischer C, Kleinschmidt T. Synthesis of Galactooligosaccharides in Milk and Whey: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:678-697. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Fischer
- Dept. of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering; Anhalt Univ. of Applied Sciences; Bernburger Str. 55 06366 Köthen Germany
| | - Thomas Kleinschmidt
- Dept. of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering; Anhalt Univ. of Applied Sciences; Bernburger Str. 55 06366 Köthen Germany
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Raza A, Iqbal S, Ullah A, Khan MI, Imran M. Enzymatic conversion of milk lactose to prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides to produce low lactose yogurt. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Awais Raza
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Out Fall Road, Civil Lines; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Out Fall Road, Civil Lines; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ullah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Out Fall Road, Civil Lines; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; The University of Lahore; Lahore Pakistan
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Pázmándi M, Maráz A, Ladányi M, Kovács Z. The impact of membrane pretreatment on the enzymatic production of whey-derived galacto-oligosaccharides. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Pázmándi
- Department of Food Engineering; Szent István University; Budapest Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Szent István University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Anna Maráz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Szent István University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Márta Ladányi
- Department of Biometrics and Agricultural Informatics; Szent István University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Food Engineering; Szent István University; Budapest Hungary
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12
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Galactooligosaccharide Production from Pantoea anthophila Strains Isolated from “Tejuino”, a Mexican Traditional Fermented Beverage. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pham ML, Leister T, Nguyen HA, Do BC, Pham AT, Haltrich D, Yamabhai M, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TT. Immobilization of β-Galactosidases from Lactobacillus on Chitin Using a Chitin-Binding Domain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2965-2976. [PMID: 28319379 PMCID: PMC5924871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus, including a heterodimeric LacLM type enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri L103 and a homodimeric LacZ type β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus DSM 20081, were studied for immobilization on chitin using a carbohydrate-binding domain (chitin-binding domain, ChBD) from a chitinolytic enzyme. Three recombinant enzymes, namely, LacLM-ChBD, ChBD-LacLM, and LacZ-ChBD, were constructed and successfully expressed in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Depending on the structure of the enzymes, either homodimeric or heterodimeric, as well as the positioning of the chitin-binding domain in relation to the catalytic domains, that is, upstream or downstream of the main protein, the expression in the host strain and the immobilization on chitin beads were different. Most constructs showed a high specificity for the chitin in immobilization studies; thus, a one-step immobilizing procedure could be performed to achieve up to 100% yield of immobilization without the requirement of prior purification of the enzyme. The immobilized-on-chitin enzymes were shown to be more stable than the corresponding native enzymes; especially the immobilized LacZ from L. bulgaricus DSM20081 could retain 50% of its activity when incubated at 37 °C for 48 days. Furthermore, the immobilized enzymes could be recycled for conversion up to eight times with the converting ability maintained at 80%. These results show the high potential for application of these immobilized enzymes in lactose conversion on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Lan Pham
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Daicoviet, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Leister
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hoang Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trauquy, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bien-Cuong Do
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Daicoviet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh-Tuan Pham
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Daicoviet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Montarop Yamabhai
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tien-Thanh Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Daicoviet, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Production of impure prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides and their effect on calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc absorption in Sprague-Dawley rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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From by-product to valuable components: Efficient enzymatic conversion of lactose in whey using β-galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus. Biochem Eng J 2016; 116:45-53. [PMID: 27885320 PMCID: PMC5117255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus was overexpressed in a food-grade organism, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Laboratory cultivations yielded 11,000 U of β-galactosidase activity per liter of culture corresponding to approximately 170 mg of enzyme. Crude cell-free enzyme extracts obtained by cell disruption and subsequent removal of cell debris showed high stability and were used for conversion of lactose in whey permeate. The enzyme showed high transgalactosylation activity. When using an initial concentration of whey permeate corresponding to 205 g L-1 lactose, the maximum yield of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) obtained at 50°C reached approximately 50% of total sugar at 90% lactose conversion, meaning that efficient valorization of the whey lactose was obtained. GOS are of great interest for both human and animal nutrition; thus, efficient conversion of lactose in whey into GOS using an enzymatic approach will not only decrease the environmental impact of whey disposal, but also create additional value.
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Sangwan V, Tomar SK, Ali B, Singh RRB, Singh AK. Production of β-galactosidase from streptococcus thermophilus for galactooligosaccharides synthesis. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:4206-15. [PMID: 26139885 PMCID: PMC4486567 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency of different methods for disruption of Streptococcus thermophilus cells, isolated from different dairy products, to release β-galactosidase and synthesis of GOS by extracted enzyme using whey supplemented with different concentrations of lactose as a substrate was studied. Unlike most other studies on GOS synthesis which used only one method of cell disruption and only few microbial strains, we compared five different cell disruption methods and used 30 strains of S. thermophilus in order to find out the most effective method and efficient strain for production of β-galactosidase. Appreciable amount of GOS (53.45 gL(-1)) was synthesized at a lactose concentration of 30 %, using enzyme (10 U mL(-1) of reaction medium), extracted from S. thermophilus within a very short incubation time of 5 h at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 6.8. S. thermophilus is heavily employed in the preparation of fermented dairy products but this study extends the use of this organism for the production of GOS, a potential prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sangwan
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Sudhir K. Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Babar Ali
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Ram R. B. Singh
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
| | - Ashish K. Singh
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen HM, Geiger B, Mathiesen G, Eijsink VGH, Peterbauer CK, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Heterologous expression of a recombinant lactobacillal β-galactosidase in Lactobacillus plantarum: effect of different parameters on the sakacin P-based expression system. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:30. [PMID: 25880197 PMCID: PMC4358714 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two overlapping genes lacL and lacM (lacLM) encoding for heterodimeric β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus reuteri were previously cloned and over-expressed in the food-grade host strain Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, using the inducible lactobacillal pSIP expression system. In this study, we analyzed different factors that affect the production of recombinant L. reuteri β-galactosidase. Results Various factors related to the cultivation, i.e. culture pH, growth temperature, glucose concentration, as well as the induction conditions, including cell concentration at induction point and inducer concentration, were tested. Under optimal fermentation conditions, the maximum β-galactosidase levels obtained were 130 U/mg protein and 35–40 U/ml of fermentation broth corresponding to the formation of approximately 200 mg of recombinant protein per litre of fermentation medium. As calculated from the specific activity of the purified enzyme (190 U/mg), β-galactosidase yield amounted to roughly 70% of the total soluble intracellular protein of the host organism. It was observed that pH and substrate (glucose) concentration are the most prominent factors affecting the production of recombinant β-galactosidase. Conclusions The over-expression of recombinant L. reuteri β-galactosidase in a food-grade host strain was optimized, which is of interest for applications of this enzyme in the food industry. The results provide more detailed insight into these lactobacillal expression systems and confirm the potential of the pSIP system for efficient, tightly controlled expression of enzymes and proteins in lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Thanh Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria. .,School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Hoang-Minh Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Biotechnology, Danang University of Technology, Nguyen Luong Bang 54, Danang, Vietnam.
| | - Barbara Geiger
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Geir Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, , N-1432, Ǻs, Norway.
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, , N-1432, Ǻs, Norway.
| | - Clemens K Peterbauer
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria.
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Arreola SL, Intanon M, Suljic J, Kittl R, Pham NH, Kosma P, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Two β-galactosidases from the human isolate Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213: molecular cloning and expression, biochemical characterization and synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104056. [PMID: 25089712 PMCID: PMC4121272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two β-galactosidases, β-gal I and β-gal II, from Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213, which was isolated from the intestine of an infant, were overexpressed in Escherichia coli with co-expression of the chaperones GroEL/GroES, purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and biochemically characterized. Both β-gal I and β-gal II belong to glycoside hydrolase family 2 and are homodimers with native molecular masses of 220 and 211 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for hydrolysis of the two substrates o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) and lactose were determined at pH 7.0 and 50°C for β-gal I, and at pH 6.5 and 55°C for β-gal II, respectively. The kcat/Km values for oNPG and lactose hydrolysis are 722 and 7.4 mM-1s-1 for β-gal I, and 543 and 25 mM-1s-1 for β-gal II. Both β-gal I and β-gal II are only moderately inhibited by their reaction products D-galactose and D-glucose. Both enzymes were found to be very well suited for the production of galacto-oligosaccharides with total GOS yields of 33% and 44% of total sugars obtained with β-gal I and β-gal II, respectively. The predominant transgalactosylation products are β-D-Galp-(1→6)-D-Glc (allolactose) and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-D-Lac, accounting together for more than 75% and 65% of the GOS formed by transgalactosylation by β-gal I and β-gal II, respectively, indicating that both enzymes have a propensity to synthesize β-(1→6) and β-(1→3)-linked GOS. The resulting GOS mixtures contained relatively high fractions of allolactose, which results from the fact that glucose is a far better acceptor for galactosyl transfer than galactose and lactose, and intramolecular transgalactosylation contributes significantly to the formation of this disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Lozel Arreola
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Montira Intanon
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmina Suljic
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Kittl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ngoc Hung Pham
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; School of Food Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Paul Kosma
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Intanon M, Arreola SL, Pham NH, Kneifel W, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Nature and biosynthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides related to oligosaccharides in human breast milk. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 353:89-97. [PMID: 24571717 PMCID: PMC4107629 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are prominent among the functional components of human breast milk. While HMO have potential applications in both infants and adults, this potential is limited by the difficulties in manufacturing these complex structures. Consequently, functional alternatives such as galacto-oligosaccharides are under investigation, and nowadays, infant formulae are supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides to mimic the biological effects of HMO. Recently, approaches toward the production of defined human milk oligosaccharide structures using microbial, fermentative methods employing single, appropriately engineered microorganisms were introduced. Furthermore, galactose-containing hetero-oligosaccharides have attracted an increasing amount of attention because they are structurally more closely related to HMO. The synthesis of these novel oligosaccharides, which resemble the core of HMO, is of great interest for applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montira Intanon
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sheryl Lozel Arreola
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Ngoc Hung Pham
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Quality Assurance Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 from Chinese paocai as a potential source of β-galactosidase for prebiotic galactooligosaccharides synthesis. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Jovanovic-Malinovska R, Fernandes P, Winkelhausen E, Fonseca L. Galacto-oligosaccharides Synthesis from Lactose and Whey by β-Galactosidase Immobilized in PVA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1197-211. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Ansari SA, Satar R. Recombinant β-galactosidases – Past, present and future: A mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Black BA, Lee VSY, Zhao YY, Hu Y, Curtis JM, Gänzle MG. Structural identification of novel oligosaccharides produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus plantarum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4886-4894. [PMID: 22497208 DOI: 10.1021/jf300917m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidases (β-Gal) of lactic acid bacteria produce oligosaccharides from lactose when suitable acceptor carbohydrates are present. This study aimed to elucidate the structure of oligosaccharides formed by galactosylation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and fucose. Crude cellular extract of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and LacLM of Lactobacillus plantarum were used as sources of β-Gal activity. Disaccharides obtained by galactosylation of GlcNAc were identified as Gal-β-(1→4)-GlcNAc or Gal-β-(1→6)-GlcNAc by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and comparison with external standards. Trisaccharides were identified as Gal-β-(1→6)-Gal-β-(1→[4 or 6])-GlcNAc by LC-MS, analysis of the MS/MS spectra of selected in-source fragment ions, and their relative retention times. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of five galactosylated fucosides, but their linkage type could not be identified, partly due to the lack of reference compounds. β-Gal of lactic acid bacteria may serve as suitable tools for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of therapeutic oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna A Black
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 2P5, Canada
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25
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen HA, Arreola SL, Mlynek G, Djinović-Carugo K, Mathiesen G, Nguyen TH, Haltrich D. Homodimeric β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081: expression in Lactobacillus plantarum and biochemical characterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1713-21. [PMID: 22283494 PMCID: PMC3284191 DOI: 10.1021/jf203909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The lacZ gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081, encoding a β-galactosidase of the glycoside hydrolase family GH2, was cloned into different inducible lactobacillal expression vectors for overexpression in the host strain Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. High expression levels were obtained in laboratory cultivations with yields of approximately 53000 U of β-galactosidase activity per liter of medium, which corresponds to ~170 mg of recombinant protein per liter and β-galactosidase levels amounting to 63% of the total intracellular protein of the host organism. The wild-type (nontagged) and histidine-tagged recombinant enzymes were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and further characterized. β-Galactosidase from L. bulgaricus was used for lactose conversion and showed very high transgalactosylation activity. The maximum yield of galacto-oligosaccharides (GalOS) was approximately 50% when using an initial concentration of 600 mM lactose, indicating that the enzyme can be of interest for the production of GalOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Thanh Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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26
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Gänzle MG. Enzymatic synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides and other lactose derivatives (hetero-oligosaccharides) from lactose. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Osman A, Tzortzis G, Rastall RA, Charalampopoulos D. BbgIV Is an Important Bifidobacterium β-Galactosidase for the Synthesis of Prebiotic Galactooligosaccharides at High Temperatures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:740-748. [PMID: 22148735 DOI: 10.1021/jf204719w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The individual contributions of four β-galactosidases present in Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171 toward galactooligosaccharide (GOS) synthesis were investigated. Although the β-galactosidase activity of the whole cells significantly decreased as a function of temperature (40-75 °C), GOS yield was at its maximum at 65 °C. Native-PAGE of the whole cells showed that the contributions of BbgIII and BbgIV to GOS synthesis increased as the temperature increased. Moreover, BbgIII and BbgIV were found to be more temperature stable and to produce a higher GOS yield than BbgI and BbgII, when used in their free form. The GOS yield using BbgIV was 54.8% (percent of total carbohydrates) and 63.9% (percent lactose converted to GOS) at 65 °C from 43% w/w lactose. It was shown that BbgIV is the most important β-galactosidase in B. bifidum NCIMB 41171 and can be used for GOS synthesis at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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28
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Production of galactooligosaccharides and heterooligosaccharides with disrupted cell extracts and whole cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen TH, Maischberger T, Schmelzer P, Mathiesen G, Eijsink VG, Haltrich D, Peterbauer CK. Quantitative transcript analysis of the inducible expression system pSIP: comparison of the overexpression of Lactobacillus spp. β-galactosidases in Lactobacillus plantarum. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:46. [PMID: 21696579 PMCID: PMC3155831 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two sets of overlapping genes, lacLMReu and lacLMAci, encoding heterodimeric β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus acidophilus, respectively, have previously been cloned and expressed using the pSIP vector system and Lactobacillus plantarum WCSF1 as host. Despite the high similarity between these lacLM genes and the use of identical cloning and expression strategies, strains harboring lacLMReu produced about twenty-fold more β-galactosidase than strains containing lacLMAci. RESULTS In this study, the plasmid copy numbers (PCN) of expression vectors pEH9R (lacLMReu) and pEH9A (lacLMAci) as well as the transcription levels of both lacLM genes were compared using quantitative PCR methods. Analyses of parallel fermentations of L. plantarum harboring either pEH9R or pEH9A showed that the expression plasmids were present in similar copy numbers. However, transcript levels of lacLM from L. reuteri (pEH9R) were up to 18 times higher than those of lacLM from L. acidophilus (pEH9A). As a control, it was shown that the expression levels of regulatory genes involved in pheromone-induced promoter activation were similar in both strains. CONCLUSION The use of identical expression strategies for highly similar genes led to very different mRNA levels. The data indicate that this difference is primarily caused by translational effects that are likely to affect both mRNA synthesis rates and mRNA stability. These translational effects thus seem to be a dominant determinant for the success of gene expression efforts in lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Thanh Nguyen
- Food Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
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30
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Iqbal S, Nguyen TH, Nguyen HA, Nguyen TT, Maischberger T, Kittl R, Haltrich D. Characterization of a heterodimeric GH2 β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus sakei Lb790 and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3803-3811. [PMID: 21405014 DOI: 10.1021/jf103832q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The lacLM genes from Lactobacillus sakei Lb790, encoding a heterodimeric β-galactosidase that belongs to glycoside hydrolase family GH2, were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli . Subsequently, the recombinant β-galactosidase LacLM was purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme is a β-galactosidase with narrow substrate specificity because o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) was efficiently hydrolyzed, whereas various structurally related oNP analogues were not. The K(m) and k(cat) values for oNPG and lactose were 0.6 mM and 180 s(-1) and 20 mM and 43 s(-1), respectively. The enzyme is inhibited competitively by its two end-products D-galactose and D-glucose (K(i) values of 180 and 475 mM, respectively). As judged by the ratio of the inhibition constant to the Michaelis constant, K(i)/K(m), this inhibition is only very moderate and much less pronounced than for other microbial β-galactosidases. β-Galactosidase from L. sakei possesses high transgalactosylation activity and was used for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GalOS), employing lactose at a concentration of 215 g/L. The maximum GalOS yield was 41% (w/w) of total sugars at 77% lactose conversion and contained mainly non-lactose disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides with approximately 38, 57, and 5% of total GalOS formed, respectively. The enzyme showed a strong preference for the formation of β-(1→6)-linked transgalactosylation products, whereas β-(1→3)-linked compounds were formed to a lesser extent and β-(1→4)-linked reaction products could not be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Iqbal
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Maischberger T, Leitner E, Nitisinprasert S, Juajun O, Yamabhai M, Nguyen TH, Haltrich D. Beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus pentosus: purification, characterization and formation of galacto-oligosaccharides. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:838-47. [PMID: 20669255 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel heterodimeric beta-galactosidase with a molecular mass of 105 kDa was purified from crude cell extracts of the soil isolate Lactobacillus pentosus KUB-ST10-1 using ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by hydrophobic interaction and affinity chromatography. The electrophoretically homogenous enzyme has a specific activity of 97 U(oNPG)/mg protein. The K(m), k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) values for lactose and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) were 38 mM, 20 s(-1), 530 M(-1).s(-1) and 1.67 mM, 540 s(-1), 325 000 M(-1).s(-1), respectively. The temperature optimum of beta-galactosidase activity was 60-65 degrees C for a 10-min assay, which is considerably higher than the values reported for other lactobacillal beta-galactosidases. Mg(2+) ions enhanced both activity and stability significantly. L. pentosus beta-galactosidase was used for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose. A maximum yield of 31% GOS of total sugars was obtained at 78% lactose conversion. The enzyme showed a strong preference for the formation of beta-(1-->3) and beta-(1-->6) linkages, and the main transgalactosylation products identified were the disaccharides beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Glc, beta-D-Galp-(1-->3)-D-Glc, beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Gal, beta-D-Galp-(1-->3)-D-Gal, and the trisaccharides beta-D-Galp-(1-->3)-D-Lac, beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Lac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maischberger
- BOKU University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Schwab C, Sørensen KI, Gänzle MG. Heterologous expression of glycoside hydrolase family 2 and 42 β-galactosidases of lactic acid bacteria in Lactococcus lactis. Syst Appl Microbiol 2010; 33:300-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Novel metabolites from cereal-associated lactobacilli – Novel functionalities for cereal products? Food Microbiol 2009; 26:712-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Barile D, Tao N, Lebrilla CB, Coisson JD, Arlorio M, German JB. Permeate from cheese whey ultrafiltration is a source of milk oligosaccharides. Int Dairy J 2009; 19:524-530. [PMID: 20161544 PMCID: PMC2805004 DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously undescribed oligosaccharides in bovine cheese whey permeate were characterized by a combination of nanoelectrospray Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (nESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry. Oligosaccharide composition was elucidated by collision-induced dissociation within the ICR cell. In addition to sialyllactose (the most abundant oligosaccharide in bovine colostrum), we identified 14 other oligosaccharides, half of which have the same composition of human milk oligosaccharides. These oligosaccharides could potentially be used as additives in infant formula and products for the pharmaceutical industry. Because whey permeate is a by-product from the production of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and is readily available, it is an attractive source of oligosaccharides for potential application in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nannan Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (School of Medicine), University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (School of Medicine), University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jean-Daniel Coisson
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universita’ degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Marco Arlorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universita’ degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Dias LG, Veloso AC, Correia DM, Rocha O, Torres D, Rocha I, Rodrigues LR, Peres AM. UV spectrophotometry method for the monitoring of galacto-oligosaccharides production. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maischberger T, Nguyen TH, Sukyai P, Kittl R, Riva S, Ludwig R, Haltrich D. Production of lactose-free galacto-oligosaccharide mixtures: comparison of two cellobiose dehydrogenases for the selective oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Halbmayr E, Mathiesen G, Nguyen TH, Maischberger T, Peterbauer CK, Eijsink VGH, Haltrich D. High-level expression of recombinant beta-galactosidases in Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei using a Sakacin P-based expression system. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:4710-4719. [PMID: 18512940 DOI: 10.1021/jf073260+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the cloning and expression of the genes encoding heterodimeric beta-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri L103, Lactobacillus acidophilus R22, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, and Lactobacillus sakei Lb790. These enzymes consist of two subunits of approximately 73 and 35 kDa, which are encoded by two overlapping genes, lacL and lacM, respectively. We have cloned these genes into the lactobacillal expression vectors pSIP403 and pSIP409, which are based on the sakacin P operon of L. sakei ( Sørvig et al. Microbiology 2005, 151, 2439- 2449 ), and expressed them in the host strains L. plantarum WCFS1 and L. sakei Lb790. Results varied considerably, ranging from 2.23 to 61.1 U/mg of beta-galactosidase activity, depending on the origin of the lacLM genes, the host strain, and the expression vector used. Highest expression levels were obtained in a laboratory cultivation of L. plantarum WCFS1 harboring the plasmid pEH3R containing the lacLM gene from L. reuteri L103. These cultivations yielded approximately 23 000 U of beta-galactosidase activity per liter, corresponding to the formation of roughly 100 mg of recombinant protein per liter of fermentation medium, and beta-galactosidase levels amounted to 55% of the total intracellular protein of the host organism. To further verify the suitability of this expression system, recombinant beta-galactosidase from L. reuteri was purified to apparent homogeneity. The properties of the purified enzyme were essentially identical with the properties of purified native beta-galactosidase from L. reuteri L103. The presented results lead the way to efficient overproduction of beta-galactosidase in a food-grade expression system, which is of high interest for applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Halbmayr
- Division of Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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38
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Splechtna B, Nguyen TH, Haltrich D. Comparison between discontinuous and continuous lactose conversion processes for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides using beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus reuteri. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:6772-7. [PMID: 17630761 DOI: 10.1021/jf070643z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) formation from lactose in discontinuous and continuous modes of conversion was investigated using beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) from Lactobacillus reuteri. A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with an external crossflow membrane was set up, and continuous GOS production was analyzed and compared to the batchwise formed GOS product. Marked differences were detected for the two reactor setups. Above 65% lactose conversion, the GOS yield was lower for the CSTR due to a lower content of tri- and tetrasaccharides in the reaction mixture. In the CSTR, beta-gal from L. reuteri showed up to 2-fold higher specificity toward the formation of beta-(1-->6)-linked GOS, with beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Glc and beta-D-Galp-(1-->6)-D-Gal being the main GOS components formed under these conditions. This could be used to synthesize more defined GOS products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Splechtna
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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