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Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095011. [PMID: 34065074 PMCID: PMC8125899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.
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Kumar D, Talluri TR, Selokar NL, Hyder I, Kues WA. Perspectives of pluripotent stem cells in livestock. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1-29. [PMID: 33584977 PMCID: PMC7859985 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in derivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from farm animals opens new approaches not only for reproduction, genetic engineering, treatment and conservation of these species, but also for screening novel drugs for their efficacy and toxicity, and modelling of human diseases. Initial attempts to derive PSCs from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stages in farm animals were largely unsuccessful as either the cells survived for only a few passages, or lost their cellular potency; indicating that the protocols which allowed the derivation of murine or human embryonic stem (ES) cells were not sufficient to support the maintenance of ES cells from farm animals. This scenario changed by the innovation of induced pluripotency and by the development of the 3 inhibitor culture conditions to support naïve pluripotency in ES cells from livestock species. However, the long-term culture of livestock PSCs while maintaining the full pluripotency is still challenging, and requires further refinements. Here, we review the current achievements in the derivation of PSCs from farm animals, and discuss the potential application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India.
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner 334001, India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Iqbal Hyder
- Department of Physiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram 521102, India
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Institute of Animal Health, Neustadt 31535, Germany
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Niu D, Ma X, Yuan T, Niu Y, Xu Y, Sun Z, Ping Y, Li W, Zhang J, Wang T, Church GM. Porcine genome engineering for xenotransplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:229-245. [PMID: 32275950 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extreme shortage of human donor organs for treatment of patients with end-stage organ failures is well known. Xenotransplantation, which might provide unlimited organ supply, is a most promising strategy to solve this problem. Domestic pigs are regarded as ideal organ-source animals owing to similarity in anatomy, physiology and organ size to humans as well as high reproductive capacity and low maintenance cost. However, several barriers, which include immune rejection, inflammation and coagulative dysfunctions, as well as the cross-species transmission risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus, blocked the pig-to-human xenotransplantation. With the rapid development of genome engineering technologies and the potent immunosuppressive medications in recent years, these barriers could be eliminated through genetic modification of pig genome together with the administration of effective immunosuppressants. A number of candidate genes involved in the regulation of immune response, inflammation and coagulation have been explored to optimize porcine xenograft survival in non-human primate recipients. PERV inactivation in pigs has also been accomplished to firmly address the safety issue in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Many encouraging preclinical milestones have been achieved with some organs surviving for years. Therefore, the clinical trials of some promising organs, such as islet, kidney and heart, are aimed to be launched in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Taoyan Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yifan Niu
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China
| | - Yibin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhongxin Sun
- Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jufang Zhang
- Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China.
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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4
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McLean ZL, Appleby SJ, Wei J, Snell RG, Oback B. Testes of DAZL null neonatal sheep lack prospermatogonia but maintain normal somatic cell morphology and marker expression. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 88:3-14. [PMID: 33251684 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiplying the germline would increase the number of offspring that can be produced from selected animals, accelerating genetic improvement for livestock breeding. This could be achieved by producing multiple chimaeric animals, each carrying a mix of donor and host germ cells in their gonads. However, such chimaeric germlines would produce offspring from both donor and host genotypes, limiting the rate of genetic improvement. To resolve this problem, we disrupted the RNA-binding protein DAZL and generated germ cell-deficient host animals. Using Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR), we introduced a DAZL loss-of-function mutation in male ovine fetal fibroblasts. Following manual single cell isolation, 4/48 (8.3%) of donor cell strains were homozygously HDR-edited. Sequence-validated strains were used as nuclear donors for somatic cell cloning to generate three lambs, which died at birth. All DAZL null male neonatal sheep lacked germ cells on histological sections and showed greatly reduced germ cell markers. Somatic cells within their testes were morphologically intact and expressed normal levels of lineage-specific markers, suggesting that the germ cell niche remained intact. This extends the DAZL mutant phenotype beyond mice into agriculturally relevant ruminants, providing a pathway for using absolute germline transmitters in rapid livestock improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah L McLean
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton.,Applied Translational Research Group and Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Appleby
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jingwei Wei
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton
| | - Russell G Snell
- Applied Translational Research Group and Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Björn Oback
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Blood of African Hedgehog Atelerix albiventris Contains 115-kDa Trypanolytic Protein that Kills Trypanosoma congolense. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:733-742. [PMID: 32385812 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protozoan parasites of the Order Trypanosomatida infect a wide range of multicellular plants and animals, causing devastating and potentially fatal diseases. Trypanosomes are the most relevant members of the order in sub-Saharan Africa because of mortalities and morbidities caused to humans and livestock. PURPOSE There are growing concerns that trypanosomes are expanding their reservoirs among wild animals, which habours the parasites, withstand the infection, and from which tsetse flies transmit the parasites back to humans and livestock. This study was designed to investigate the potentials of the African hedgehog serving as reservoir for African animal trypanosomes. METHODS Five adult hedgehogs alongside five laboratory mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 106 and 104 of Trypanosoma congolense cells, respectively, and monitored for parasitemia and survival. Serum from twenty hedgehogs was subjected to trypanocidal activity-guided fractionation by successive ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatographies, followed by characterization with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). RESULTS Hedgehogs were resistant to the infection as no parasite was detected and none died even after 60 days, while all the mice died within 12 days. Both the serum and plasma prepared from hedgehogs demonstrated trypanocidal activity- rapidly killed trypanosomes even when diluted 1000 times. The trypanolytic factor was identified to be proteinaceous with an estimated molecular weight of 115-kDa. CONCLUSION For the first time, it is here demonstrated that hedgehog blood has significant trypanolytic activity against T. congolense. The potential application of the hedgehog protein for the breeding of trypanosomosis-resistant livestock in tsetse fly belt is discussed.
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An L, Yang L, Huang Y, Cheng Y, Du F. Generating Goat Mammary Gland Bioreactors for Producing Recombinant Proteins by Gene Targeting. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1874:391-401. [PMID: 30353527 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8831-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous genes can be site-specifically integrated into the genomic DNA of animals by homologous recombination, generating transgenic animals. These animals have a clear hereditary background, although position effects of the exogenous genes and potential functional disruption of host genes can be caused by the genetic inserts. Therefore, the generation of mammary gland bioreactors via gene-targeting methods is a great asset for producing recombinant proteins in milk. Here, we describe a method of generating gene-targeted goats with the human alpha-lactalbumin gene (hα-LA) integrated into the beta-lactoglobulin gene (BLG) locus. The milk from these goats will be less allergenic and will be enriched with components of human milk protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyou An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Lannuo Biotechnologies Wuxi Inc., Wuxi, China
| | - Yuejin Huang
- Shanghai Jenomed Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuliang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China. .,Renova Life, Inc., College Park, MD, USA.
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7
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Tang L, Bondareva A, González R, Rodriguez-Sosa JR, Carlson DF, Webster D, Fahrenkrug S, Dobrinski I. TALEN-mediated gene targeting in porcine spermatogonia. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:250-261. [PMID: 29393557 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonia represent a diploid germ cell population that includes spermatogonial stem cells. In this report, we describe new methods for isolation of highly enriched porcine spermatogonia based on light scatter properties, and for targeted mutagenesis in porcine spermatogonia using nucleofection and TALENs. We optimized a nucleofection protocol to deliver TALENs specifically targeting the DMD locus in porcine spermatogonia. We also validated specific sorting of porcine spermatogonia based on light scatter properties. We were able to obtain a highly enriched germ cell population with over 90% of cells being UCH-L1 positive undifferentiated spermatogonia. After gene targeting in porcine spermatogonia, indel (insertion or deletion) mutations as a result of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) were detected in up to 18% of transfected cells. Our report demonstrates for the first time an approach to obtain a live cell population highly enriched in undifferentiated spermatogonia from immature porcine testes, and that gene targeting can be achieved in porcine spermatogonia which will enable germ line modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alla Bondareva
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Raquel González
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jose R Rodriguez-Sosa
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ina Dobrinski
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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8
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Rádis-Baptista G, Campelo IS, Morlighem JÉRL, Melo LM, Freitas VJF. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): From delivery of nucleic acids and antigens to transduction of engineered nucleases for application in transgenesis. J Biotechnol 2017; 252:15-26. [PMID: 28479163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been studied for their capacity to translocate across the lipid membrane of several cell types. In membrane translocation, these peptides can remarkably transport biologically active hydrophilic molecules, such as pharmaceuticals, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and even high-molecular-weight proteins, Fig. 3 into the cell cytoplasm and organelles. The development of CPPs as transduction agents includes the modification of gene and protein expression, the reprogramming and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and the preparation of cellular vaccines. A relatively recent field of CPP application is the transduction of plasmid DNA vectors and CPP-fusion proteins to modify genomes and introduce new traits in cells and organisms. CPP-mediated transduction of components for genome editing is an advantageous alternative to viral DNA vectors. Engineered site-specific nucleases, such as Cre recombinase, ZFN, TALENs and CRISPR associated protein (Cas), have been coupled to CPPs, and the fused proteins have been used to permeate targeted cells and tissues. The functionally active fusion CPP-nucleases subsequently home to the nucleus, incise genomic DNA at specific sites and induce repair and recombination. This review has the objective of discussing CPPs and elucidating the prospective use of CPP-mediated transduction technology, particularly in genome modification and transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil.
| | - Iana S Campelo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Jean-Étienne R L Morlighem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.165-081, Brazil; Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.455-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Melo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil
| | - Vicente J F Freitas
- Laboratory of Physiology and Control of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 60.714-903, Brazil.
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Choi YJ, Lee K, Park WJ, Kwon DN, Park C, Do JT, Song H, Cho SK, Park KW, Brown AN, Samuel MS, Murphy CN, Prather RS, Kim JH. Partial loss of interleukin 2 receptor gamma function in pigs provides mechanistic insights for the study of human immunodeficiency syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:50914-50926. [PMID: 27463006 PMCID: PMC5239447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we described the phenotype of monoallelic interleukin 2 receptor gamma knockout (mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO) pigs. Approximately 80% of mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs (8/10) were athymic, whereas 20% (2/10) presented a rudimentary thymus. The body weight of IL2RG+/Δ69-368KO pigs developed normally. Immunological analysis showed that mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs possessed CD25+CD44- or CD25-CD44+ cells, whereas single (CD4 or CD8) or double (CD4/8) positive cells were lacking in mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs. CD3+ cells in the thymus of mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs contained mainly CD44+ cells and/or CD25+ cells, which included FOXP3+ cells. These observations demonstrated that T cells from mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs were able to develop to the DN3 stage, but failed to transition toward the DN4 stage. Whole-transcriptome analysis of thymus and spleen, and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that a subset of genes differentially expressed following the loss of IL2RG might be responsible for both impaired T-cell receptor and cytokine-mediated signalling. However, comparative analysis of two mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs revealed little variability in the down- and up-regulated gene sets. In conclusion, mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs presented a T-B+NK- SCID phenotype, suggesting that pigs can be used as a valuable and suitable biomedical model for human SCID research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Choi
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Park
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Alana N. Brown
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melissa S. Samuel
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Clifton N. Murphy
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Randall S. Prather
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ge H, Cui C, Liu J, Luo Y, Quan F, Jin Y, Zhang Y. The growth and reproduction performance of TALEN-mediated β-lactoglobulin-knockout bucks. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:721-9. [PMID: 27272006 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the technological development of several engineered endonucleases (EENs), such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR/Cas9, gene targeting by homologous recombination has been efficiently improved to generate site-specifically genetically modified livestock. However, few studies have been done to investigate the health and fertility of these animals. The purpose of the present study is to investigate if gene targeting events and a recloning procedure would affect the production traits of EEN-mediated gene targeted bucks. TALEN-mediated β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene mono-allelic knockout (BLG (+/-)) goats and bi-allelic knockout (BLG (-/-)) buck produced by using sequential gene targeting combined with recloning in fibroblasts from BLG (+/-) buck were used to evaluate their health and fertility. Birth weight and postnatal growth of BLG (+/-) bucks were similar to the wild-type goats. None of the parameters for both fresh and frozen-thawed semen quality were significantly different in BLG (+/-) or BLG (-/-) bucks compared to their corresponding comparators. In vitro fertilization (IVF) test revealed that the proportion of IVF oocytes developing to the blastocyst stage was identical among BLG (+/-), BLG (-/-) and wild-type bucks. Conception rates of artificial insemination were respectively 42.3, 38.0 and 42.6 % for frozen-thawed semen from the BLG (+/-), BLG (-/-) and wild-type bucks. In addition, germline transmission of the targeted BLG modification was in accordance with Mendelian rules. These results demonstrated that the analyzed growth and reproductive traits were not impacted by targeting BLG gene and recloning, implicating the potential for dairy goat breeding of BLG (+/-) and BLG (-/-) bucks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Kim SE, Kim JW, Kim YJ, Kwon DN, Kim JH, Kang MJ. Generation of Fibroblasts Lacking the Sal-like 1 Gene by Using Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease-mediated Homologous Recombination. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:564-70. [PMID: 26949958 PMCID: PMC4782092 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Sal-like 1 gene (Sall1) is essential for kidney development, and mutations in this gene result in abnormalities in the kidneys. Mice lacking Sall1 show agenesis or severe dysgenesis of the kidneys. In a recent study, blastocyst complementation was used to develop mice and pigs with exogenic organs. In the present study, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated homologous recombination was used to produce Sall1-knockout porcine fibroblasts for developing knockout pigs. The vector targeting the Sall1 locus included a 5.5-kb 5′ arm, 1.8-kb 3′ arm, and a neomycin resistance gene as a positive selection marker. The knockout vector and TALEN were introduced into porcine fibroblasts by electroporation. Antibiotic selection was performed over 11 days by using 300 μg/mL G418. DNA of cells from G418-resistant colonies was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the presence of fragments corresponding to the 3′ and 5′ arms of Sall1. Further, mono- and bi-allelic knockout cells were isolated and analyzed using PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of our study indicated that TALEN-mediated homologous recombination induced bi-allelic knockout of the endogenous gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ji Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yeong Ji Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Man-Jong Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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12
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González R, Dobrinski I. Beyond the mouse monopoly: studying the male germ line in domestic animal models. ILAR J 2016; 56:83-98. [PMID: 25991701 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis and essential to maintain the continuous production of spermatozoa after the onset of puberty in the male. The study of the male germ line is important for understanding the process of spermatogenesis, unravelling mechanisms of stemness maintenance, cell differentiation, and cell-to-cell interactions. The transplantation of SSCs can contribute to the preservation of the genome of valuable individuals in assisted reproduction programs. In addition to the importance of SSCs for male fertility, their study has recently stimulated interest in the generation of genetically modified animals because manipulations of the male germ line at the SSC stage will be maintained in the long term and transmitted to the offspring. Studies performed mainly in the mouse model have laid the groundwork for facilitating advancements in the field of male germ line biology, but more progress is needed in nonrodent species in order to translate the technology to the agricultural and biomedical fields. The lack of reliable markers for isolating germ cells from testicular somatic cells and the lack of knowledge of the requirements for germ cell maintenance have precluded their long-term maintenance in domestic animals. Nevertheless, some progress has been made. In this review, we will focus on the state of the art in the isolation, characterization, culture, and manipulation of SSCs and the use of germ cell transplantation in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González
- Raquel González, DVM, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada. Ina Dobrinski, DVM, MVSc, PhD, Dipl ACT, is a professor and the head of the Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- Raquel González, DVM, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada. Ina Dobrinski, DVM, MVSc, PhD, Dipl ACT, is a professor and the head of the Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
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Knock-in fibroblasts and transgenic blastocysts for expression of human FGF2 in the bovine β-casein gene locus using CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease-mediated homologous recombination. ZYGOTE 2015. [PMID: 26197710 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199415000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many transgenic domestic animals have been developed to produce therapeutic proteins in the mammary gland, and this approach is one of the most important methods for agricultural and biomedical applications. However, expression and secretion of a protein varies because transgenes are integrated at random sites in the genome. In addition, distal enhancers are very important for transcriptional gene regulation and tissue-specific gene expression. Development of a vector system regulated accurately in the genome is needed to improve production of therapeutic proteins. The objective of this study was to develop a knock-in system for expression of human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in the bovine β-casein gene locus. The F2A sequence was fused to the human FGF2 gene and inserted into exon 3 of the β-casein gene. We detected expression of human FGF2 mRNA in the HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells by RT-PCR and human FGF2 protein in the culture media using western blot analysis when the knock-in vector was introduced. We transfected the knock-in vector into bovine ear fibroblasts and produced knock-in fibroblasts using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. Moreover, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was more efficient than conventional methods. In addition, we produced knock-in blastocysts by somatic cell nuclear transfer using the knock-in fibroblasts. Our knock-in fibroblasts may help to create cloned embryos for development of transgenic dairy cattle expressing human FGF2 protein in the mammary gland via the expression system of the bovine β-casein gene.
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14
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Laible G, Wei J, Wagner S. Improving livestock for agriculture - technological progress from random transgenesis to precision genome editing heralds a new era. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:109-20. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Production of biallelic CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase knock-out pigs. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1981. [PMID: 23760311 PMCID: PMC4070623 DOI: 10.1038/srep01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
After the knock-out (KO) of α1,3 galactosyltransfease (Gal-T), the Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen became a major antigen of the "non-Gal antigen" that is implicated in subsequent xenograft rejection. For deletion of non-Gal antigen, we successfully produced zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated monoallelic/biallelic male and female CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) KO miniature pigs: the efficiency of the gene targeting (41.7%) was higher when donor DNA was used with the ZFN than those of ZFN alone (9.1%). Monoallelic KO pigs had no integration of exogenous DNA into their genome, indicating that this technique would provide a new avenue to reduce the risk of antibiotics resistance when organs from genetically modified pigs are transplanted into patients. Until now, both monoallelic and biallelic CMAH KO pigs are healthy and show no sign of abnormality and off-target mutations. Therefore, these CMAH null pigs on the Gal-T KO background could serve as an important model for the xenotransplantation.
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16
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Guan G, Yan Y, Chen T, Yi M, Ni H, Naruse K, Nagahama Y, Hong Y. Nanos3 gene targeting in medaka ES cells. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:444-54. [PMID: 23678294 PMCID: PMC3654493 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene targeting (GT) by homologous recombination offers the best precision for genome editing in mice. nanos3 is a highly conserved gene and encodes a zinc-finger RNA binding protein essential for germ stem cell maintenance in Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse. Here we report nanos3 GT in embryonic stem (ES) cells of the fish medaka as a lower vertebrate model organism. A vector was designed for GT via homologous recombination on the basis of positive-negative selection (PNS). The ES cell line MES1 after gene transfer and PNS produced 56 colonies that were expanded into ES cell sublines. Nine sublines were GT-positive by PCR genotyping, 4 of which were homologous recombinants as revealed by Southern blot. We show that one of the 4, A15, contains a precisely targeted nanos3 allele without any random events, demonstrating the GT feasibility in medaka ES cells. Importantly, A15 retained all features of undifferentiated ES cells, including stable self-renewal, an undifferentiated phenotype, pluripotency gene expression and differentiation during chimeric embryogenesis. These results provide first evidence that the GT procedure and genuine GT on a chromosomal locus such as nanos3 do not compromise pluripotency in ES cells of a lower vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Guan
- Department of Bioresource, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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17
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Establishment of a rapid and scalable gene expression system in livestock by site-specific integration. Gene 2013; 515:367-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Smith KR, Chan S, Harris J. Human germline genetic modification: scientific and bioethical perspectives. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:491-513. [PMID: 23072719 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The latest mammalian genetic modification technology offers efficient and reliable targeting of genomic sequences, in the guise of designer genetic recombination tools. These and other improvements in genetic engineering technology suggest that human germline genetic modification (HGGM) will become a safe and effective prospect in the relatively near future. Several substantive ethical objections have been raised against HGGM including claims of unacceptably high levels of risk, damage to the status of future persons, and violations of justice and autonomy. This paper critically reviews the latest GM science and discusses the key ethical objections to HGGM. We conclude that major benefits are likely to accrue through the use of safe and effective HGGM and that it would thus be unethical to take a precautionary stance against HGGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Smith
- School of Contemporary Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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19
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Garrels W, Holler S, Cleve N, Niemann H, Ivics Z, Kues WA. Assessment of fecundity and germ line transmission in two transgenic pig lines produced by sleeping beauty transposition. Genes (Basel) 2012; 3:615-33. [PMID: 24705079 PMCID: PMC3899982 DOI: 10.3390/genes3040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we described a simplified injection method for producing transgenic pigs using a non-autonomous Sleeping Beauty transposon system. The founder animals showed ubiquitous expression of the Venus fluorophore in almost all cell types. To assess, whether expression of the reporter fluorophore affects animal welfare or fecundity, we analyzed reproductive parameters of two founder boars, germ line transmission, and organ and cell specific transgene expression in animals of the F1 and F2 generation. Molecular analysis of ejaculated sperm cells suggested three monomeric integrations of the Venus transposon in both founders. To test germ line transmission of the three monomeric transposon integrations, wild-type sows were artificially inseminated. The offspring were nursed to sexual maturity and hemizygous lines were established. A clear segregation of the monomeric transposons following the Mendelian rules was observed in the F1 and F2 offspring. Apparently, almost all somatic cells, as well as oocytes and spermatozoa, expressed the Venus fluorophore at cell-type specific levels. No detrimental effects of Venus expression on animal health or fecundity were found. Importantly, all hemizygous lines expressed the fluorophore in comparable levels, and no case of transgene silencing or variegated expression was found after germ line transmission, suggesting that the insertions occurred at transcriptionally permissive loci. The results show that Sleeping Beauty transposase-catalyzed transposition is a promising approach for stable genetic modification of the pig genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Garrels
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Holler
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Nicole Cleve
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Zoltan Ivics
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
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20
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Targeted microRNA expression in dairy cattle directs production of β-lactoglobulin-free, high-casein milk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16811-6. [PMID: 23027958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210057109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk from dairy cows contains the protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG), which is not present in human milk. As it is a major milk allergen, we wished to decrease BLG levels in milk by RNAi. In vitro screening of 10 microRNAs (miRNAs), either individually or in tandem combinations, identified several that achieved as much as a 98% knockdown of BLG. One tandem construct was expressed in the mammary gland of an ovine BLG-expressing mouse model, resulting in 96% knockdown of ovine BLG in milk. Following this in vivo validation, we produced a transgenic calf, engineered to express these tandem miRNAs. Analysis of hormonally induced milk from this calf demonstrated absence of BLG and a concurrent increase of all casein milk proteins. The findings demonstrate miRNA-mediated depletion of an allergenic milk protein in cattle and validate targeted miRNA expression as an effective strategy to alter milk composition and other livestock traits.
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Tzfira T, Weinthal D, Marton I, Zeevi V, Zuker A, Vainstein A. Genome modifications in plant cells by custom-made restriction enzymes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:373-89. [PMID: 22469004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing, i.e. the ability to mutagenize, insert, delete and replace sequences, in living cells is a powerful and highly desirable method that could potentially revolutionize plant basic research and applied biotechnology. Indeed, various research groups from academia and industry are in a race to devise methods and develop tools that will enable not only site-specific mutagenesis but also controlled foreign DNA integration and replacement of native and transgene sequences by foreign DNA, in living plant cells. In recent years, much of the progress seen in gene targeting in plant cells has been attributed to the development of zinc finger nucleases and other novel restriction enzymes for use as molecular DNA scissors. The induction of double-strand breaks at specific genomic locations by zinc finger nucleases and other novel restriction enzymes results in a wide variety of genetic changes, which range from gene addition to the replacement, deletion and site-specific mutagenesis of endogenous and heterologous genes in living plant cells. In this review, we discuss the principles and tools for restriction enzyme-mediated gene targeting in plant cells, as well as their current and prospective use for gene targeting in model and crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvi Tzfira
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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22
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Alonso-González L, Couldrey C, Meinhardt MW, Cole SA, Wells DN, Laible G. Primary transgenic bovine cells and their rejuvenated cloned equivalents show transgene-specific epigenetic differences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35619. [PMID: 22532863 PMCID: PMC3332029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated transgenesis, based on somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), provides the opportunity to shape the genetic make-up of cattle. Bovine primary fetal fibroblasts, commonly used cells for SCNT, have a limited lifespan, and complex genetic modifications that require sequential transfections can be challenging time and cost-wise. To overcome these limitations, SCNT is frequently used to rejuvenate the cell lines and restore exhausted growth potential. We have designed a construct to be used in a 2-step cassette exchange experiment. Our transgene contains a puromycin resistance marker gene and an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression cassette, both driven by a strong mammalian promoter, and flanked by loxP sites and sequences from the bovine β-casein locus. Several transgenic cell lines were generated by random insertion into primary bovine cell lines. Two of these original cell lines were rederived by SCNT and new primary cells, with the same genetic makeup as the original donors, were established. While the original cell lines were puromycin-resistant and had a characteristic EGFP expression profile, all rejuvenated cell lines were sensitive to puromycin, and displayed varied EGFP expression, indicative of various degrees of silencing. When the methylation states of individual CpG sites within the transgene were analyzed, a striking increase in transgene-specific methylation was observed in all rederived cell lines. The results indicate that original transgenic donor cells and their rejuvenated derivatives may not be equivalent and differ in the functionality of their transgene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sally A. Cole
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - David N. Wells
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Götz Laible
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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23
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Beaton BP, Mao J, Murphy CN, Samuel MS, Prather RS, Wells KD. Use of single stranded targeting DNA or negative selection does not further increase the efficiency of a GGTA1 promoter trap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2. [PMID: 25309937 DOI: 10.4172/2325-9787.1000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although several techniques have been developed to create gene knockouts in pigs, homologous recombination will continue to be required for site-specific genome modifications that are more sophisticated than gene disruption (base changes, domain exchanges, conditional knockouts). The objective of the present paper was to improve the efficiency of homologous recombination in porcine fetal fibroblasts, which would be used to produce gene knockout pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer. A promoter-trap was used to enable selection of GGTA1 targeted cells. Cells were transfected with either a single stranded or double stranded targeting vector, or a vector, with or without a negative selectable marker gene (diphtheria toxin-A). Although targeting efficiencies were numerically lower for single stranded targeting vectors, statistical differences could not be detected. Similarly, the use of a negative selectable marker (in cis or trans) provided numerically lower targeting efficiencies, statistical differences again could not be detected. Overall, the targeting efficiencies ranged from 1.5×10-5 to 2.5×10-6 targeting events per transfected cell. Given the results, it may be applicable to investigate multiple enrichment techniques for homologous recombination, given that every targeted locus is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Beaton
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Clifton N Murphy
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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24
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Vainstein A, Marton I, Zuker A, Danziger M, Tzfira T. Permanent genome modifications in plant cells by transient viral vectors. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:363-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Piedrahita JA, Olby N. Perspectives on transgenic livestock in agriculture and biomedicine: an update. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:56-63. [PMID: 21366981 DOI: 10.1071/rd10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 30 years since the first transgenic mouse was generated and 26 years since the first example of transferring the technology to livestock was published. While there was tremendous optimism in those initial years, with most convinced that genetically modified animals would play a significant role in agricultural production, that has not come to be. So at first sight one could conclude that this technology has, to a large extent, failed. On the contrary, it is believed that it has succeeded beyond our original expectations, and we are now at what is perhaps the most exciting time in the development and implementation of these technologies. The original goals, however, have drastically changed and it is now biomedical applications that are playing a central role in pushing both technical and scientific developments. The combination of advances in somatic cell nuclear transfer, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells and the completion of the sequencing of most livestock genomes ensures a bright and exciting future for this field, not only in livestock but also in companion animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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26
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Bressan FF, Dos Santos Miranda M, Perecin F, De Bem TH, Pereira FTV, Russo-Carbolante EM, Alves D, Strauss B, Bajgelman M, Krieger JE, Binelli M, Meirelles FV. Improved production of genetically modified fetuses with homogeneous transgene expression after transgene integration site analysis and recloning in cattle. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:29-36. [PMID: 21241190 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2010.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cloning by nuclear transfer (NT) has made the production of transgenic animals using genetically modified donor cells possible and ensures the presence of the gene construct in the offspring. The identification of transgene insertion sites in donor cells before cloning may avoid the production of animals that carry undesirable characteristics due to positional effects. This article compares blastocyst development and competence to establish pregnancies of bovine cloned embryos reconstructed with lentivirus-mediated transgenic fibroblasts containing either random integration of a transgene (random integration group) or nuclear transfer derived transgenic fibroblasts with known transgene insertion sites submitted to recloning (recloned group). In the random integration group, eGFP-expressing bovine fetal fibroblasts were selected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and used as nuclei donor cells for NT. In the recloned group, a fibroblast cell line derived from a transgenic cloned fetus was characterized regarding transgene insertion and submitted to recloning. The recloned group had higher blastocyst production (25.38 vs. 14.42%) and higher percentage of 30-day pregnancies (14.29 vs. 2.56%) when compared to the random integration group. Relative eGFP expression analysis in fibroblasts derived from each cloned embryo revealed more homogeneous expression in the recloned group. In conclusion, the use of cell lines recovered from transgenic fetuses after identification of the transgene integration site allowed for the production of cells and fetuses with stable transgene expression, and recloning may improve transgenic animal yields.
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27
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Marton I, Zuker A, Shklarman E, Zeevi V, Tovkach A, Roffe S, Ovadis M, Tzfira T, Vainstein A. Nontransgenic genome modification in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1079-87. [PMID: 20876340 PMCID: PMC2971589 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.164806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are a powerful tool for genome editing in eukaryotic cells. ZFNs have been used for targeted mutagenesis in model and crop species. In animal and human cells, transient ZFN expression is often achieved by direct gene transfer into the target cells. Stable transformation, however, is the preferred method for gene expression in plant species, and ZFN-expressing transgenic plants have been used for recovery of mutants that are likely to be classified as transgenic due to the use of direct gene-transfer methods into the target cells. Here we present an alternative, nontransgenic approach for ZFN delivery and production of mutant plants using a novel Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based expression system for indirect transient delivery of ZFNs into a variety of tissues and cells of intact plants. TRV systemically infected its hosts and virus ZFN-mediated targeted mutagenesis could be clearly observed in newly developed infected tissues as measured by activation of a mutated reporter transgene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and petunia (Petunia hybrida) plants. The ability of TRV to move to developing buds and regenerating tissues enabled recovery of mutated tobacco and petunia plants. Sequence analysis and transmission of the mutations to the next generation confirmed the stability of the ZFN-induced genetic changes. Because TRV is an RNA virus that can infect a wide range of plant species, it provides a viable alternative to the production of ZFN-mediated mutants while avoiding the use of direct plant-transformation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tzvi Tzfira
- Danziger Innovations Ltd., Mishmar Hashiva Village, Beit Dagan 50297, Israel (I.M., A.Z., S.R.); Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (I.M., E.S., S.R., M.O., A.V.); Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (V.Z., A.T., T.T.)
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28
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Wagner S, McCracken J, Cole S, Laible G. DNA oligonucleotides and plasmids perform equally as donors for targeted gene conversion. Biochem Genet 2010; 48:897-908. [PMID: 20677020 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific gene modifications in cells are initiated by the introduction of exogenous DNA. We used a recently established cell assay to compare the ability of DNA donors to induce a single point mutation that converts a target gene encoding blue fluorescent protein (BFP) into expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). In a chromosomal assay with cells stably expressing BFP, we showed that fluorescently labeled single-stranded oligonucleotides and a donor plasmid cotranscribing a red fluorescent protein provide similar efficiencies in triggering BFP-GFP conversions. In transient cotransfections, an isogenic donor plasmid comprising a nonfunctional GFP gene yielded a greater efficiency for the conversion of the BFP target gene than a nonisogenic donor, and all plasmid donors were superior to oligonucleotides.
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29
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Biotec Visions 2010, JanuaryâFebruary. Biotechnol J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Biotech News. Biotechnol J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200990101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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