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Sangeetha B, Mohana Priya S, Pravin R, Tamilarasan K, Baskar G. Process optimization and technoeconomic assessment of biodiesel production by one-pot transesterification of Ricinus communis seed oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128880. [PMID: 36921639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Ricinus communis seed oil with high free fatty acid content was utilized for the one-pot biodiesel production using 1-(2,3-dihydroxy)-propyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide, a basic ionic liquid catalyst. The 97.83% biodiesel yield was obtained at the optimized conditions of 6.26 % (w/w) of catalyst concentration, 10.51:1 M ratio of methanol to oil, 57.87 °C temperature and reaction time of 61.01 min. The transesterification of Ricinus communis seed oil to biodiesel exhibited an activation energy of 37.60 kJ/mol. The technoeconomic analysis, the profitability and the sensitivity analysis were investigated for the simulated process design. The technoeconomic analysis reported a total revenue of 20,455,431 $/yr, with gross margins, ROI, payback period, IRR, and NPV of 23.54%, 35.72%, 2.8 years, 28.20%, and 19,287,000 $, respectively. According to the sensitivity analysis, the two most important factors determining the economic viability of the simulated process are Ricinus communis seed oil cost and biodiesel selling price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Sangeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India
| | | | - Ravichandran Pravin
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India
| | | | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India.
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2
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Gufrana T, Islam H, Khare S, Pandey A, P R. In-situ transesterification of single-cell oil for biodiesel production: a review. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:120-135. [PMID: 35499507 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2065684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biodiesel synthesis and production demands have increased because of its high degradability, cleaner emissions, non-toxicity, and an alternative to petroleum diesel. In this context, Single Cell Oil (SCO) has been identified as an alternative feedstock, having the advantage of accumulating high intracellular lipid. SCO/microbial lipids are potential alternatives for sustainable biodiesel production. The traditional technique for biodiesel production from the oils obtained from microbes generally requires two steps: lipid extraction and transesterification. In-situ transesterification is an innovative and renewable process for biodiesel production. It rules out the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, as it directly uses biomass in a single step, i.e., the pretreated biomass will be subjected to in-situ transesterification in the presence of catalysts. Hence, the production cost can be reduced by eliminating the lipid extraction procedure. The current review focuses on the basic features and advantages of in-situ transesterification of SCO for biodiesel production with the aid of short-chain alcohols along with different acid, base, and enzyme catalysts. In addition, a comparative study was carried out to highlight the merits of in-situ transesterification over conventional transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gufrana
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hasibul Islam
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivani Khare
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radha P
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Sarwar A, Nguyen LT, Lee EY. Bio-upgrading of ethanol to fatty acid ethyl esters by metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126899. [PMID: 35217159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have gained increasing attention as a replacement for traditional fossil fuels in the recent years. Here, we report the efficient upgrading of ethanol to FAEEs from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, using ethanol as the sole carbon source. First, the wax synthase (WS) encoded by the atfA gene from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 was expressed in P. putida KT2440. Second, the flux from ethanol towards acetyl-CoA was increased by expression of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ada) from Dickeya zeae. By using dodecane overlay to capture FAEEs, 1.2 g/L of FAEEs with a yield of 152.09 mg FAEEs/g ethanol were produced. Culture optimization enhanced the FAEEs contents up to 1.6 g/L in shake flask and 4.3 g/L in a fed-batch fermenter. In summary, our study provides a basis for combining the bioethanol production process with the efficient upgrading of ethanol to biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Sarwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Linh Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Khan S, Nisar A, Wu B, Zhu QL, Wang YW, Hu GQ, He MX. Bioenergy production in Pakistan: Potential, progress, and prospect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152872. [PMID: 34990677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan is a developing country with a rapidly growing population. It is currently facing serious economic and energy challenges. Pakistan's energy demand is increasing by the day, and it now stands at 84 MTOE. Currently, the use of fossil fuels dominates Pakistan's energy sector. Conversely, indigenous fossil fuel resources are rapidly depleting and will be unable to meet rising energy demands in the future. Therefore, to withstand its energy needs, the country will need to explore alternative energy production methods. Biomass is one of the alternatives that has enormous potential to help Pakistan combat its growing energy crisis. In this review, we first present an overview of bioenergy, biomass resources, and biomass conversion technologies. We then discuss in detail the current state of the energy mix of Pakistan. Subsequently, we show that annual production of about 121 MT of agricultural residues, 427 MT of animal manure, and 7.5 MT of MSW in Pakistan offer a variety of bioenergy options ranging from biofuels to bio-electricity production. Overall, these biomass resources in Pakistan have the potential to generate 20,709 MW of bio-electricity and 12,615 million m3 of biogas annually in Pakistan. Though these resources hold promising potential for bioenergy production in the country, however, there are some critical challenges that need to be considered, and some of which are extremely difficult to overcome for a developing country like Pakistan. This work is expected to provide a useful basis for biomass management and utilization in Pakistan to harvest eco-friendly and sustainable green energy locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawar Khan
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ayesha Nisar
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Li Zhu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yan-Wei Wang
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guo-Quan Hu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ming-Xiong He
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Section 4-13, Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, PR China.
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5
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Wang X, Mohamed H, Bao Y, Wu C, Shi W, Song Y, Yang J. Heterologous Expression of Two Malate Transporters From an Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides Improved the Lipid Accumulation in Mucor lusitanicus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:774825. [PMID: 34867915 PMCID: PMC8640210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.774825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus, Mucor lusitanicus, is of great interest for microbial lipids, because of its ability to accumulate intracellular lipid using various carbon sources. The biosynthesis of fatty acid requires the reducing power NADPH, and acetyl-CoA, which is produced by the cleavage of citrate in cytosol. In this study, we employed different strategies to increase lipid accumulation in the low lipid-producing fungi via metabolic engineering technology. Hence, we constructed the engineered strain of M. lusitanicus CBS 277.49 by using malate transporter (mt) and 2-oxoglutarate: malate antiporter (sodit) from M. circinelloides WJ11. In comparison with the control strain, the lipid content of the overexpressed strains of mt and sodit genes were increased by 24.6 and 33.8%, respectively. These results showed that mt and sodit can affect the distribution of malate in mitochondria and cytosol, provide the substrates for the synthesis of citrate in the mitochondria, and accelerate the transfer of citrate from mitochondria to cytosol, which could play a significant regulatory role in fatty acid synthesis leading to lipids over accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yonghong Bao
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wenyue Shi
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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Wei LJ, Ma YY, Cheng BQ, Gao Q, Hua Q. Metabolic engineering Yarrowia lipolytica for a dual biocatalytic system to produce fatty acid ethyl esters from renewable feedstock in situ and in one pot. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8561-8573. [PMID: 34661706 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the grave concerns over increasing consumption of petroleum resources and dramatic environmental changes arising from carbon dioxide emissions worldwide, microbial biosynthesis of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) biofuels as renewable and sustainable replacements for petroleum-based fuels has attracted much attention. As one of the most important microbial chassis, the nonconventional oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged as a paradigm organism for the production of several advanced biofuels and chemicals. Here, we report the engineering of Y. lipolytica for use as an efficient dual biocatalytic system for in situ and one-pot production of FAEEs from renewable feedstock. Compared to glucose with 5.7% (w/w) conversion rate to FAEEs, sunflower seed oil in the culture medium was efficiently used to generate FAEEs with 84% (w/w) conversion rate to FAEEs by the engineered Y. lipolytica strain GQY20 that demonstrates an optimized intercellular heterologous FAEE synthesis pathway. In particular, the titer of extracellular FAEEs from sunflower seed oil reached 9.9 g/L, 10.9-fold higher than that with glucose as a carbon source. An efficient dual biocatalytic system combining ex vivo and strengthened in vitro FAEE production routes was constructed by overexpression of a lipase (Lip2) variant in the background strain GQY20, which further increased FAEEs levels to 13.5 g/L. Notably, deleting the ethanol metabolism pathway had minimal impact on FAEE production. Finally, waste cooking oil, a low-cost oil-based substance, was used as a carbon source for FAEE production in the Y. lipolytica dual biocatalytic system, resulting in production of 12.5 g/L FAEEs. Thus, the developed system represents a promising green and sustainable process for efficient biodiesel production. KEY POINTS: • FAEEs were produced by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica. • A Lip2 variant was overexpressed in the yeast to create a dual biocatalytic system. • Waste cooking oil as a substrate resulted in a high titer of 12.5 g/L FAEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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7
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Numerical Analysis of Nozzle Flow and Spray Characteristics from Different Nozzles Using Diesel and Biofuel Blends. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the discrete phase model (DPM) was introduced to study the fuel injector cavitations process and the macro spray characteristic of three different types of nozzle spray shape with diesel and hybrid biofuel blend for several injection pressures and backpressures. The three types of nozzle spray shapes used were circle, elliptical A type, and elliptical B type. The cavitations’ flows inside the injector nozzles were simulated with Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using the cavitations mixture approach. The effect of nozzle spray shape towards the spray characteristic of hybrid biofuel blends is analyzed and compared with the standard diesel. Furthermore, a verification and validation from both the experimental results and numerical results are also presented. The nozzle flow simulation results indicated that the fuel type did not affect the cavitation area vastly, but were more dependent on the nozzle spray shape. In addition, the spray width of the elliptical nozzle shape was higher as compared to the circular spray. Moreover, as the backpressure increased, the spray width downstream increased as well. The spray tip penetration for the elliptical nozzle shape was shorter than the circular nozzle shape due to circular nozzles having smaller nozzle widths and lesser spray cone angles. Thus, this resulted in smaller aerodynamic drag.
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Shields-Menard SA, Amirsadeghi M, French WT, Boopathy R. A review on microbial lipids as a potential biofuel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:451-460. [PMID: 29580729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Energy security, environmental concerns, and unstable oil prices have been the driving trifecta of demand for alternative fuels in the United States. The United States' dependence on energy resources, often from unstable oil-producing countries has created political insecurities and concerns. As we try to gain energy security, unconventional oil becomes more common, flooding the market, and causing the major downshift of the usual unstable oil prices. Meanwhile, consumption of fossil fuels and the consequent CO2 emissions have driven disruptions in the Earth's atmosphere and are recognized to be responsible for global climate change. While the significance of each of these three factors may fluctuate with global politics or new technologies, transportation energy will remain the prominent focus of multi-disciplined research. Bioenergy future depends on the price of oil. Current energy policy of the United States heavily favors petroleum industry. In this review, the current trend in microbial lipids as a potential biofuel is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Shields-Menard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Marta Amirsadeghi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - W Todd French
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, USA
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
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9
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Sforza E, Calvaruso C, La Rocca N, Bertucco A. Luxury uptake of phosphorus in Nannochloropsis salina : Effect of P concentration and light on P uptake in batch and continuous cultures. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Strengthening NADPH Regeneration for Improving Photo-biocatalytic Ketones Asymmetric Reduction Reaction by Synechocystis Through Overexpression of FNR. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Chia SR, Chew KW, Show PL, Yap YJ, Ong HC, Ling TC, Chang JS. Analysis of Economic and Environmental Aspects of Microalgae Biorefinery for Biofuels Production: A Review. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700618. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shir Reen Chia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Applied Mathematics; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
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12
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Production of Bio-oils from Microbial Biomasses. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77386-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Juarez A, Villa JA, Lanza VF, Lázaro B, de la Cruz F, Alvarez HM, Moncalián G. Nutrient starvation leading to triglyceride accumulation activates the Entner Doudoroff pathway in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:35. [PMID: 28241831 PMCID: PMC5327559 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and other actinobacteria accumulate triglycerides (TAG) under nutrient starvation. This property has an important biotechnological potential in the production of sustainable oils. RESULTS To gain insight into the metabolic pathways involved in TAG accumulation, we analysed the transcriptome of R jostii RHA1 under nutrient-limiting conditions. We correlate these physiological conditions with significant changes in cell physiology. The main consequence was a global switch from catabolic to anabolic pathways. Interestingly, the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway was upregulated in detriment of the glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathways. ED induction was independent of the carbon source (either gluconate or glucose). Some of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes involved in the last step of the Kennedy pathway were also upregulated. A common feature of the promoter region of most upregulated genes was the presence of a consensus binding sequence for the cAMP-dependent CRP regulator. CONCLUSION This is the first experimental observation of an ED shift under nutrient starvation conditions. Knowledge of this switch could help in the design of metabolomic approaches to optimize carbon derivation for single cell oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Juarez
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, Avda Diagonal, 643., 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan A Villa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Val F Lanza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lázaro
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Héctor M Alvarez
- INBIOP (Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Ruta Provincial No 1, Km 4-Ciudad Universitaria 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Moncalián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular (Universidad de Cantabria) and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC (CSIC-UC), C/Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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14
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Muniraj IK, Uthandi S, Xiao L, Hu Z, Zhan X. Molecular Diversity of Oleaginous Fungi in Irish Soil and Their Potential for Biodiesel Production. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Rolz C. Two consecutive step process for ethanol and microbial oil production from sweet sorghum juice. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Ledesma-Amaro R, Lazar Z, Rakicka M, Guo Z, Fouchard F, Coq AMCL, Nicaud JM. Metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica to produce chemicals and fuels from xylose. Metab Eng 2016; 38:115-124. [PMID: 27396355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a biotechnological chassis for the production of a range of products, such as microbial oils and organic acids. However, it is unable to consume xylose, the major pentose in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, which are considered a preferred carbon source for bioprocesses due to their low cost, wide abundance and high sugar content. Here, we engineered Y. lipolytica to metabolize xylose to produce lipids or citric acid. The overexpression of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase from Scheffersomyces stipitis were necessary but not sufficient to permit growth. The additional overexpression of the endogenous xylulokinase enabled identical growth as the wild type strain in glucose. This mutant was able to produce up to 80g/L of citric acid from xylose. Transferring these modifications to a lipid-overproducing strain boosted the production of lipids from xylose. This is the first step towards a consolidated bioprocess to produce chemicals and fuels from lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rakicka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str. 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zhongpeng Guo
- LISBP-Biocatalysis Group, INSA/INRA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Fouchard
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne-Marie Crutz-Le Coq
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Ledesma-Amaro R, Dulermo R, Niehus X, Nicaud JM. Combining metabolic engineering and process optimization to improve production and secretion of fatty acids. Metab Eng 2016; 38:38-46. [PMID: 27301328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial oils are sustainable alternatives to petroleum for the production of chemicals and fuels. Oleaginous yeasts are promising source of oils and Yarrowia lipolytica is the most studied and engineered one. Nonetheless the commercial production of biolipids is so far limited to high value products due to the elevated production and extraction costs. In order to contribute to overcoming these limitations we exploited the possibility of secreting lipids to the culture broth, uncoupling production and biomass formation and facilitating the extraction. We therefore considered two synthetic approaches, Strategy I where fatty acids are produced by enhancing the flux through neutral lipid formation, as typically occurs in eukaryotic systems and Strategy II where the bacterial system to produce free fatty acids is mimicked. The engineered strains, in a coupled fermentation and extraction process using alkanes, secreted the highest titer of lipids described so far, with a content of 120% of DCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Remi Dulermo
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xochitl Niehus
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), A.C. 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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18
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Yan J, Yan Y, Madzak C, Han B. Harnessing biodiesel-producing microbes: from genetic engineering of lipase to metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:26-36. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Probst KV, Schulte LR, Durrett TP, Rezac ME, Vadlani PV. Oleaginous yeast: a value-added platform for renewable oils. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:942-55. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1064855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle V. Probst
- IGERT in Biorefining,
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Department of Grain Science and Industry,
| | | | - Timothy P. Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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20
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Lipid accumulation by Rhodococcus rhodochrous grown on glucose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:693-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel made from costly vegetable oil feedstocks. Some microorganisms can accumulate lipids when nutrients are limited and carbon is in excess. Rhodococcus rhodochrous is a gram-positive bacterium most often used in bioremediation or acrylamide production. The purpose of this study was to investigate and characterize the lipid accumulation capabilities of R. rhodochrous. Shake flasks and a large-scale fermentation were used to cultivate R. rhodochrous in varying concentrations of glucose. R. rhodochrous achieved almost 50 % of dry cell mass as lipid when grown in 20 g/L of glucose. Wax esters and triglycerides were identified in R. rhodochrous lipid extract. The transesterified extractables of R. rhodochrous consisted of mostly palmitic (35 %) and oleic (42 %) acid methyl esters. This study shows R. rhodochrous to be an oleaginous bacterium with potential for application in alternative fuels.
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21
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Hegde K, Chandra N, Sarma SJ, Brar SK, Veeranki VD. Genetic Engineering Strategies for Enhanced Biodiesel Production. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:606-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Muniraj IK, Uthandi SK, Hu Z, Xiao L, Zhan X. Microbial lipid production from renewable and waste materials for second-generation biodiesel feedstock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2015.1018340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iniya Kumar Muniraj
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siva Kumar Uthandi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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23
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Pfleger BF, Gossing M, Nielsen J. Metabolic engineering strategies for microbial synthesis of oleochemicals. Metab Eng 2015; 29:1-11. [PMID: 25662836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial synthesis of oleochemicals has advanced significantly in the last decade. Microbes have been engineered to convert renewable substrates to a wide range of molecules that are ordinarily made from plant oils. This approach is attractive because it can reduce a motivation for converting tropical rainforest into farmland while simultaneously enabling access to molecules that are currently expensive to produce from oil crops. In the last decade, enzymes responsible for producing oleochemicals in nature have been identified, strategies to circumvent native regulation have been developed, and high yielding strains have been designed, built, and successfully demonstrated. This review will describe the metabolic pathways that lead to the diverse molecular features found in natural oleochemicals, highlight successful metabolic engineering strategies, and comment on areas where future work could further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Michael Gossing
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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25
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Coradini ALV, Anschau A, Vidotti ADS, Reis ÉM, da Cunha Abreu Xavier M, Coelho RS, Franco TT. Microorganism for Bioconversion of Sugar Hydrolysates into Lipids. MICROORGANISMS IN BIOREFINERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45209-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sitepu IR, Garay LA, Sestric R, Levin D, Block DE, German JB, Boundy-Mills KL. Oleaginous yeasts for biodiesel: Current and future trends in biology and production. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1336-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sitepu IR, Jin M, Fernandez JE, da Costa Sousa L, Balan V, Boundy-Mills KL. Identification of oleaginous yeast strains able to accumulate high intracellular lipids when cultivated in alkaline pretreated corn stover. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7645-57. [PMID: 25052467 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial oil is a potential alternative to food/plant-derived biodiesel fuel. Our previous screening studies identified a wide range of oleaginous yeast species, using a defined laboratory medium known to stimulate lipid accumulation. In this study, the ability of these yeasts to grow and accumulate lipids was further investigated in synthetic hydrolysate (SynH) and authentic ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™)-pretreated corn stover hydrolysate (ACSH). Most yeast strains tested were able to accumulate lipids in SynH, but only a few were able to grow and accumulate lipids in ACSH medium. Cryptococcus humicola UCDFST 10-1004 was able to accumulate as high as 15.5 g/L lipids, out of a total of 36 g/L cellular biomass when grown in ACSH, with a cellular lipid content of 40 % of cell dry weight. This lipid production is among the highest reported values for oleaginous yeasts grown in authentic hydrolysate. Preculturing in SynH media with xylose as sole carbon source enabled yeasts to assimilate both glucose and xylose more efficiently in the subsequent hydrolysate medium. This study demonstrates that ACSH is a suitable medium for certain oleaginous yeasts to convert lignocellullosic sugars to triacylglycerols for production of biodiesel and other valuable oleochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irnayuli R Sitepu
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Sitepu I, Selby T, Lin T, Zhu S, Boundy-Mills K. Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1061-70. [PMID: 24818698 PMCID: PMC4526258 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. In this study, 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species were tested for ability to utilize carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates, tolerate inhibitors, and grow in medium without supplemented vitamins. Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. zeae, Tremella encephala, and Trichosporon coremiiforme. Other species excelled in inhibitor tolerance, including Candida aff. tropicalis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Wickerhamomyces ciferrii. No yeast tested could utilize all carbon sources and tolerate all inhibitors tested. These results indicate that yeast strains should be selected based on characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate. Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irnayuli Sitepu
- Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA 95616
- Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), the Ministry of Forestry, Jalan Gunung Batu No.5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
| | - Tylan Selby
- Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA 95616
| | - Ting Lin
- Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA 95616
| | - Shirley Zhu
- Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA 95616
| | - Kyria Boundy-Mills
- Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA 95616
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Thliveros P, Uçkun Kiran E, Webb C. Microbial biodiesel production by direct methanolysis of oleaginous biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:181-187. [PMID: 24556371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is usually produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats with methanol, catalyzed by strong acids or bases. This study introduces a novel biodiesel production method that features direct base-catalyzed methanolysis of the cellular biomass of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides Y4. NaOH was used as catalyst for transesterification reactions and the variables affecting the esterification level including catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent loading (methanol) and moisture content were investigated using the oleaginous yeast biomass. The most suitable pretreatment condition was found to be 4gL(-1) NaOH and 1:20 (w/v) dried biomass to methanol ratio for 10h at 50°C and under ambient pressure. Under these conditions, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was 97.7%. Therefore, the novel method of direct base-catalyzed methanolysis of R. toruloides is a much simpler, less tedious and time-consuming, process than the conventional processes with higher FAME (biodiesel) conversion yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Thliveros
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Esra Uçkun Kiran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Middle East Technical University, Biotechnology Department, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Colin Webb
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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31
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de Jong BW, Shi S, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Improved production of fatty acid ethyl esters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through up-regulation of the ethanol degradation pathway and expression of the heterologous phosphoketolase pathway. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:39. [PMID: 24618091 PMCID: PMC3995654 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to an increasing demand of transportation fuels, a lower availability of cheap crude oil and a lack of sustainability of fossil fuels, a gradual shift from petroleum based fuels towards alternative and renewable fuel resources will be required in the near future. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have properties similar to current crude diesel and could therefore form an important contribution to the development of sustainable transportation fuels in future. It is important to develop novel cell factories for efficient production of FAEEs and their precursors. RESULTS Here, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory expressing a heterologous wax ester synthase (ws2) from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus was used to produce FAEEs from ethanol and acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA). The production of acyl-CoA requires large amounts of NADPH and acetyl-CoA. Therefore, two metabolic engineering strategies for improved provision of NADPH and acetyl-CoA were evaluated. First, the ethanol degradation pathway was employed to re-channel carbon flow towards the synthesis of acetyl-CoA. Therefore, ADH2 and ALD6 encoding, respectively, alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase were overexpressed together with the heterologous gene acsSEL641P encoding acetyl-CoA synthetase. The co-overexpression of ADH2, ALD6 and acsSEL641P with ws2 resulted in 408 ± 270 μg FAEE gCDW-1, a 3-fold improvement. Secondly, for the expression of the PHK pathway two genes, xpkA and ack, both descending from Aspergillus nidulans, were co-expressed together with ws2 to catalyze, respectively, the conversion of xylulose-5-phosphate to acetyl phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl phosphate to acetate. Alternatively, ack was substituted with pta from Bacillus subtilis, encoding phosphotransacetylase for the conversion of acetyl phosphate to acetyl-CoA. Both PHK pathways were additionally expressed in a strain with multiple chromosomally integrated ws2 gene, which resulted in respectively 5100 ± 509 and 4670 ± 379 μg FAEE gCDW-1, an up to 1.7-fold improvement. CONCLUSION Two different strategies for engineering of the central carbon metabolism for efficient provision of acetyl-CoA and NADPH required for fatty acid biosynthesis and hence FAEE production were evaluated and it was found that both the ethanol degradation pathway as well as the phosphoketolase pathway improve the yield of FAEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden.
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Deniset-Besseau A, Prater CB, Virolle MJ, Dazzi A. Monitoring TriAcylGlycerols Accumulation by Atomic Force Microscopy Based Infrared Spectroscopy in Streptomyces Species for Biodiesel Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:654-658. [PMID: 26270832 DOI: 10.1021/jz402393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An atomic force microscope coupled with a tunable infrared laser source (AFM-IR) was used to measure the size and map the distribution of oil inclusions inside of microorganism without staining or other special sample preparation. The microorganism under study is Streptomyces, a soil bacterium that possesses the capability, under some specific nutritional conditions, to store its carbon source into TriAcylGlycerols, a potential direct source of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig B Prater
- ‡Anasys Instruments, 325 Chapel Street, Suite 100, Santa Barbara, California 93101, United States
| | - Marie-Joëlle Virolle
- §Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Groupe "Métabolisme Energétique des Streptomyces", Université Paris-Sud-CNRS UMR 8621, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Dazzi
- †Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, Université Paris-Sud-CNRS UMR 8000, Orsay, France
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Use of limited proteolysis and mutagenesis to identify folding domains and sequence motifs critical for wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:1132-41. [PMID: 24296496 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03433-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols and wax esters are synthesized as energy storage molecules by some proteobacteria and actinobacteria under stress. The enzyme responsible for neutral lipid accumulation is the bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl-coenzyme A (CoA):diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT). Structural modeling of WS/DGAT suggests that it can adopt an acyl-CoA-dependent acyltransferase fold with the N-terminal and C-terminal domains connected by a helical linker, an architecture demonstrated experimentally by limited proteolysis. Moreover, we found that both domains form an active complex when coexpressed as independent polypeptides. The structural prediction and sequence alignment of different WS/DGAT proteins indicated catalytically important motifs in the enzyme. Their role was probed by measuring the activities of a series of alanine scanning mutants. Our study underscores the structural understanding of this protein family and paves the way for their modification to improve the production of neutral lipids.
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Wei H, Wang W, Yarbrough JM, Baker JO, Laurens L, Van Wychen S, Chen X, Taylor LE, Xu Q, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Genomic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses of oleaginous Mucor circinelloides: evaluating its capability in utilizing cellulolytic substrates for lipid production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71068. [PMID: 24023719 PMCID: PMC3762813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms is a promising route to produce raw material for the production of biodiesel. However, most of these organisms must be grown on sugars and agro-industrial wastes because they cannot directly utilize lignocellulosic substrates. We report the first comprehensive investigation of Mucor circinelloides, one of a few oleaginous fungi for which genome sequences are available, for its potential to assimilate cellulose and produce lipids. Our genomic analysis revealed the existence of genes encoding 13 endoglucanases (7 of them secretory), 3 β-D-glucosidases (2 of them secretory) and 243 other glycoside hydrolase (GH) proteins, but not genes for exoglucanases such as cellobiohydrolases (CBH) that are required for breakdown of cellulose to cellobiose. Analysis of the major PAGE gel bands of secretome proteins confirmed expression of two secretory endoglucanases and one β-D-glucosidase, along with a set of accessory cell wall-degrading enzymes and 11 proteins of unknown function. We found that M. circinelloides can grow on CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) and cellobiose, confirming the enzymatic activities of endoglucanases and β-D-glucosidases, respectively. The data suggested that M. circinelloides could be made usable as a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) strain by introducing a CBH (e.g. CBHI) into the microorganism. This proposal was validated by our demonstration that M. circinelloides growing on Avicel supplemented with CBHI produced about 33% of the lipid that was generated in glucose medium. Furthermore, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that when growing on pre-saccharified Avicel substrates, it produced a higher proportion of C14 fatty acids, which has an interesting implication in that shorter fatty acid chains have characteristics that are ideal for use in jet fuel. This substrate-specific shift in FAME profile warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HW); (MEH); (MZ)
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John M. Yarbrough
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John O. Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lieve Laurens
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Van Wychen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Larry E. Taylor
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HW); (MEH); (MZ)
| | - Min Zhang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HW); (MEH); (MZ)
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Fan L, Liu J, Nie K, Liu L, Wang F, Tan T, Deng L. Synthesis of medium chain length fatty acid ethyl esters in engineered Escherichia coli using endogenously produced medium chain fatty acids. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:128-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Nielsen J, Larsson C, van Maris A, Pronk J. Metabolic engineering of yeast for production of fuels and chemicals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:398-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang H, Chen H, Hao G, Yang B, Feng Y, Wang Y, Feng L, Zhao J, Song Y, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Wang L, Chen W. Role of the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system in aromatic substance degradation and lipid metabolism in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3225-33. [PMID: 23503309 PMCID: PMC3685260 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00238-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortierella alpina is a filamentous fungus commonly found in soil that is able to produce lipids in the form of triacylglycerols that account for up to 50% of its dry weight. Analysis of the M. alpina genome suggests that there is a phenylalanine-hydroxylating system for the catabolism of phenylalanine, which has never been found in fungi before. We characterized the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system in M. alpina to explore its role in phenylalanine metabolism and its relationship to lipid biosynthesis. Significant changes were found in the profile of fatty acids in M. alpina grown on medium containing an inhibitor of the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system compared to M. alpina grown on medium without inhibitor. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system (phenylalanine hydroxylase [PAH], pterin-4α-carbinolamine dehydratase, and dihydropteridine reductase) were expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, and the resulting proteins were purified to homogeneity. Their enzymatic activity was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or visible (Vis)-UV spectroscopy. Two functional PAH enzymes were observed, encoded by distinct gene copies. A novel role for tetrahydrobiopterin in fungi as a cofactor for PAH, which is similar to its function in higher life forms, is suggested. This study establishes a novel scheme for the fungal degradation of an aromatic substance (phenylalanine) and suggests that the phenylalanine-hydroxylating system is functionally significant in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Microfabricated devices in microbial bioenergy sciences. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Harrison ME, Dunlop MJ. Synthetic feedback loop model for increasing microbial biofuel production using a biosensor. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:360. [PMID: 23112794 PMCID: PMC3481154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current biofuel production methods use engineered bacteria to break down cellulose and convert it to biofuel. A major challenge in microbial fuel production is that increasing biofuel yields can be limited by the toxicity of the biofuel to the organism that is producing it. Previous research has demonstrated that efflux pumps are effective at increasing tolerance to various biofuels. However, when overexpressed, efflux pumps burden cells, which hinders growth and slows biofuel production. Therefore, the toxicity of the biofuel must be balanced with the toxicity of pump overexpression. We have developed a mathematical model for cell growth and biofuel production that implements a synthetic feedback loop using a biosensor to control efflux pump expression. In this way, the production rate will be maximal when the concentration of biofuel is low because the cell does not expend energy expressing efflux pumps when they are not needed. Additionally, the microbe is able to adapt to toxic conditions by triggering the expression of efflux pumps, which allow it to continue biofuel production. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the feedback sensor model is insensitive to many system parameters, but a few key parameters can influence growth and production. In comparison to systems that express efflux pumps at a constant level, the feedback sensor increases overall biofuel production by delaying pump expression until it is needed. This result is more pronounced when model parameters are variable because the system can use feedback to adjust to the actual rate of biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Harrison
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont VT, USA
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Yu KO, Jung J, Ramzi AB, Choe SH, Kim SW, Park C, Han SO. Development of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for increasing the accumulation of triacylglycerol as a microbial oil feedstock for biodiesel production using glycerol as a substrate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:343-7. [PMID: 22886471 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a microbial oil feedstock for biodiesel production that uses an inexpensive substrate, such as glycerol. Here, we demonstrated the overproduction of TAG from glycerol in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) pathway by overexpressing the major TAG synthesis. The G3P accumulation was increased 2.4-fold with the increased glycerol utilization gained by the overexpression of glycerol kinase (GUT1). By overexpressing diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1) and phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase (LRO1), the engineered YPH499 (pGutDgaLro1) strain produced 23.0 mg/L lipids, whereas the YPH499 (pESC-TRP) strain produced 6.2 mg/L total lipids and showed a lipid content that was increased 1.4-fold compared with 3.6% for the wild-type strain after 96 h of cultivation. After 96 h of cultivation using glycerol, the overall content of TAG in the engineered strain, YPH499 (pGutDgaLro1), yielded 8.2% TAG, representing a 2.3-fold improvement, compared with 3.6% for the wild-type strain. The results should allow a reduction of costs and a more sustainable production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ok Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee SU, Jung K, Park GW, Seo C, Hong YK, Hong WH, Chang HN. Bioprocessing aspects of fuels and chemicals from biomass. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Khoomrung S, Chumnanpuen P, Jansa-ard S, Nookaew I, Nielsen J. Fast and accurate preparation fatty acid methyl esters by microwave-assisted derivatization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1637-46. [PMID: 22569641 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a fast and accurate method for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using microwave-assisted derivatization of fatty acids present in yeast samples. The esterification of free/bound fatty acids to FAMEs was completed within 5 min, which is 24 times faster than with conventional heating methods. The developed method was validated in two ways: (1) through comparison with a conventional method (hot plate) and (2) through validation with the standard reference material (SRM) 3275-2 omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in fish oil (from the Nation Institute of Standards and Technology, USA). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in yields of FAMEs with both validations. By performing a simple modification of closed-vessel microwave heating, it was possible to carry out the esterification in Pyrex glass tubes kept inside the closed vessel. Hereby, we are able to increase the number of sample preparations to several hundred samples per day as the time for preparation of reused vessels was eliminated. Pretreated cell disruption steps are not required, since the direct FAME preparation provides equally quantitative results. The new microwave-assisted derivatization method facilitates the preparation of FAMEs directly from yeast cells, but the method is likely to also be applicable for other biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakda Khoomrung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Shi S, Valle-Rodríguez JO, Khoomrung S, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Functional expression and characterization of five wax ester synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their utility for biodiesel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:7. [PMID: 22364438 PMCID: PMC3309958 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wax ester synthases (WSs) can synthesize wax esters from alcohols and fatty acyl coenzyme A thioesters. The knowledge of the preferred substrates for each WS allows the use of yeast cells for the production of wax esters that are high-value materials and can be used in a variety of industrial applications. The products of WSs include fatty acid ethyl esters, which can be directly used as biodiesel. RESULTS Here, heterologous WSs derived from five different organisms were successfully expressed and evaluated for their substrate preference in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We investigated the potential of the different WSs for biodiesel (that is, fatty acid ethyl esters) production in S. cerevisiae. All investigated WSs, from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus DSM 8798, Rhodococcus opacus PD630, Mus musculus C57BL/6 and Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4, have different substrate specificities, but they can all lead to the formation of biodiesel. The best biodiesel producing strain was found to be the one expressing WS from M. hydrocarbonoclasticus DSM 8798 that resulted in a biodiesel titer of 6.3 mg/L. To further enhance biodiesel production, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase was up-regulated, which resulted in a 30% increase in biodiesel production. CONCLUSIONS Five WSs from different species were functionally expressed and their substrate preference characterized in S. cerevisiae, thus constructing cell factories for the production of specific kinds of wax ester. WS from M. hydrocarbonoclasticus showed the highest preference for ethanol compared to the other WSs, and could permit the engineered S. cerevisiae to produce biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuobo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Juan Octavio Valle-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
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Shi S, Valle-Rodríguez JO, Khoomrung S, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Functional expression and characterization of five wax ester synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their utility for biodiesel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012. [PMID: 22364438 DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-1932279820621895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wax ester synthases (WSs) can synthesize wax esters from alcohols and fatty acyl coenzyme A thioesters. The knowledge of the preferred substrates for each WS allows the use of yeast cells for the production of wax esters that are high-value materials and can be used in a variety of industrial applications. The products of WSs include fatty acid ethyl esters, which can be directly used as biodiesel. RESULTS Here, heterologous WSs derived from five different organisms were successfully expressed and evaluated for their substrate preference in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We investigated the potential of the different WSs for biodiesel (that is, fatty acid ethyl esters) production in S. cerevisiae. All investigated WSs, from Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus DSM 8798, Rhodococcus opacus PD630, Mus musculus C57BL/6 and Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4, have different substrate specificities, but they can all lead to the formation of biodiesel. The best biodiesel producing strain was found to be the one expressing WS from M. hydrocarbonoclasticus DSM 8798 that resulted in a biodiesel titer of 6.3 mg/L. To further enhance biodiesel production, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase was up-regulated, which resulted in a 30% increase in biodiesel production. CONCLUSIONS Five WSs from different species were functionally expressed and their substrate preference characterized in S. cerevisiae, thus constructing cell factories for the production of specific kinds of wax ester. WS from M. hydrocarbonoclasticus showed the highest preference for ethanol compared to the other WSs, and could permit the engineered S. cerevisiae to produce biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuobo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Production of chiral alcohols from prochiral ketones by microalgal photo-biocatalytic asymmetric reduction reaction. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:835-41. [PMID: 22322691 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal photo-biocatalysis is a green technique for asymmetric synthesis. Asymmetric reduction of nonnatural prochiral ketones to produce chiral alcohols by microalgal photo-biocatalysis was studied in this work. Acetophenone (ACP) and ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) were chosen as model substrates for aromatic ketones and β-ketoesters, respectively. Two prokaryotic cyanophyta and two eukaryotic chlorophyta were selected as photo-biocatalysts. The results proved that nonnatural prochiral ketones can be reduced by microalgal photo-biocatalysis with high enantioselectivity. Illumination is indispensable to the photo-biocatalysis. For aromatic ketone, cyanophyta are eligible biocatalysts. For ACP asymmetric reduction reaction, about 45% yield and 97% e.e. can be achieved by the photo-biocatalysis reaction with Spirulina platensis as biocatalyst. On the contrary, chlorophyta are efficient biocatalysts for β-ketoester asymmetric reduction reaction among the four tested algae. For EAA asymmetric reduction reaction, about 70% yield and 90% e.e. can be achieved with Scenedesmus obliquus as biocatalyst. The microalgae used in this study outperformed other characterized biocatalysts such as microbial and plant cells.
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Lidder P, Sonnino A. Biotechnologies for the management of genetic resources for food and agriculture. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2012; 78:1-167. [PMID: 22980921 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394394-1.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the land area under agriculture has declined as also has the rate of growth in agricultural productivity while the demand for food continues to escalate. The world population now stands at 7 billion and is expected to reach 9 billion in 2045. A broad range of agricultural genetic diversity needs to be available and utilized in order to feed this growing population. Climate change is an added threat to biodiversity that will significantly impact genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) and food production. There is no simple, all-encompassing solution to the challenges of increasing productivity while conserving genetic diversity. Sustainable management of GRFA requires a multipronged approach, and as outlined in the paper, biotechnologies can provide powerful tools for the management of GRFA. These tools vary in complexity from those that are relatively simple to those that are more sophisticated. Further, advances in biotechnologies are occurring at a rapid pace and provide novel opportunities for more effective and efficient management of GRFA. Biotechnology applications must be integrated with ongoing conventional breeding and development programs in order to succeed. Additionally, the generation, adaptation, and adoption of biotechnologies require a consistent level of financial and human resources and appropriate policies need to be in place. These issues were also recognized by Member States at the FAO international technical conference on Agricultural Biotechnologies for Developing Countries (ABDC-10), which took place in March 2010 in Mexico. At the end of the conference, the Member States reached a number of key conclusions, agreeing, inter alia, that developing countries should significantly increase sustained investments in capacity building and the development and use of biotechnologies to maintain the natural resource base; that effective and enabling national biotechnology policies and science-based regulatory frameworks can facilitate the development and appropriate use of biotechnologies in developing countries; and that FAO and other relevant international organizations and donors should significantly increase their efforts to support the strengthening of national capacities in the development and appropriate use of pro-poor agricultural biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetmoninder Lidder
- Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, Research and Extension Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sonnino
- Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, Research and Extension Branch, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy
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