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Karyagina AS, Grishin AV, Kudinova AG, Bulygina IN, Koudan EV, Orlova PA, Datsenko VP, Zhulina AV, Grunina TM, Poponova MS, Krivozubov MS, Gromova MS, Strukova NV, Generalova MS, Nikitin KE, Shchetinin IV, Luchnikov LO, Zaitseva SV, Kirsanova MA, Statnik ES, Senatov FS, Lunin VG, Gromov AV. Dual-Functional Implant Based on Gellan-Xanthan Hydrogel with Diopside, BMP-2 and Lysostaphin for Bone Defect Repair and Control of Staphylococcal Infection. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400205. [PMID: 39140453 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
A new dual-functional implant based on gellan-xanthan hydrogel with calcium-magnesium silicate ceramic diopside and recombinant lysostaphin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-ray is developed. In this composite, BMP-2 is immobilized on microparticles of diopside while lysostaphin is mixed directly into the hydrogel, providing sustained release of BMP-2 to allow gradual bone formation and rapid release of lysostaphin to eliminate infection immediately after implantation. Introduction of diopside of up to 3% (w/v) has a negligible effect on the mechanical properties of the hydrogel but provides a high sorption capacity for BMP-2. The hydrogels show good biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Lysostaphin released from the implants over a 3 h period efficiently kills planktonic cells and completely destroys 24 h pre-formed biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in a mouse model of critically-sized cranial defects infected with S. aureus show a complete lack of osteogenesis when implants contain only BMP-2, whereas, in the presence of lysostaphin, complete closure of the defect with newly formed mineralized bone tissue is observed. Thus, the new implantable gellan-xanthan hydrogel with diopside and recombinant lysostaphin and BMP-2 shows both osteogenic and antibacterial properties and represents a promising material for the treatment and/or prevention of osteomyelitis after bone trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Karyagina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Alexander V Grishin
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Alina G Kudinova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Inna N Bulygina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Koudan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Polina A Orlova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Vera P Datsenko
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Anna V Zhulina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Tatyana M Grunina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Maria S Poponova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Krivozubov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Maria S Gromova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Natalia V Strukova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Maria S Generalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Kirill E Nikitin
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Igor V Shchetinin
- Material Science Department, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Lev O Luchnikov
- LASE - Laboratory of Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Zaitseva
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | | | - Eugene S Statnik
- "LUCh" Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Fedor S Senatov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Lunin
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Alexander V Gromov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
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Bae SJ, Choi SH, Im DJ. 3D Cell Culture Method in Channel-Free Water-in-Oil Droplets. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301145. [PMID: 38239079 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
A new channel-free water-in-oil (WO) droplet 3D cell culture method is proposed to address the challenges while maintaining the advantages of the conventional 3D cell culture methods. The proposed WO method can fundamentally solve the constraint of spheroids size, a common challenge in conventional 3D culture, by using droplet size controllability. The 3D cell culture performance of the WO method is verified by comparing it with the conventional 3D cell culture methods. A systematic investigation of the culture conditions of the WO method confirms the working range of cell concentration and droplet size, as well as the scalability of spheroid size. Adjusting droplet size and cell concentration enables rapid spheroid formation with large and high cell concentration droplets or fast spheroid growth with small and low cell concentration droplets, providing control over the spheroid size and growth rate according to the purpose. Furthermore, long-term culture is demonstrated for 1 month with the proposed method, showing the largest spheroid culture and demonstrating the possibility that this method can be used not only for spheroid formation but also for organoid studies. Finally, if a WO-based automated 3D cell culture system is developed, it will be a useful tool for organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Seung Hui Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
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Bulygina IN, Karshieva SS, Permyakova ES, Korol AA, Kolesnikov EA, Choudhary R, Senatov FS, Koudan EV. In vitro evaluation of doxorubicin release from diopside particles on MG-63 and HF spheroids as a 3D model of tumor and healthy tissues. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105830. [PMID: 38641231 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Local drug delivery systems based on bioceramics ensure safe and effective treatment of bone defects and anticancer therapy. A promising drug delivery scaffold material for bone treatment applications is diopside (CaMgSi2O6) which is bioactive, degradable, and possesses drug-release ability. Currently, in vitro assessment of drug release from biomaterials is performed mostly on a 2D cell monolayer. However, to interpret and integrate biochemical signals, cells need a 3D microenvironment that provides cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. In this regard, 3D cell models are gaining popularity. In this work, we proposed the protocol for evaluation of the effect of doxorubicin released from diopside on MG-63 cells and primary human fibroblasts in 3D culture conditions. Tissue spheroids with similar diameters were incubated with doxorubicin-loaded diopside for 72 h, the amount of diopside was calculated in accordance with the required doxorubicin concentration. We demonstrated that doxorubicin is gradually released from diopside and exhibits an activity similar to that of the pure drug at the same total concentration. It is important to note that doxorubicin was more potent on MG-63 spheroids compared to HF spheroids, which confirmed the reliability of spheroids as 3D models of tumor and healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna N Bulygina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Saida Sh Karshieva
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Artem A Korol
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Kolesnikov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajan Choudhary
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka St 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Kipsala Street 6A, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Fedor S Senatov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Koudan
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
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Nazarenko AS, Biryukova YK, Orlova EO, Trachuk KN, Ivanova AL, Belyakova AV, Pestov NB, Vorovitch MF, Ishmukhametov AA, Kolyasnikova NM. [Investigation of oncolytic potential of vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses against glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:536-548. [PMID: 38156569 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flaviviruses, possessing natural neurotropicity could be used in glioblastoma therapy using attenuated strains or as a delivery system for antitumor agents in an inactivated form. OBJECTIVE To investigate the sensitivity of glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines to vaccine strains of yellow fever and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell lines: glioblastoma GL-6, T98G, LN-229, pancreatic carcinoma MIA RaCa-2 and human pancreatic ductal carcinoma PANC-1. Viral strains: 17D yellow fever virus (YF), Sofjin tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Virus concentration were determined by plaque assay and quantitative PCR. Determination of cell sensitivity to viruses by MTT assay. RESULTS 17D YF was effective only against pancreatic carcinoma tumor cells MIA Paca-2 and had a limited effect against PANC-1. In glioblastoma cell lines (LN229, GL6, T98G), virus had no oncolytic effect and the viral RNA concentration fell in the culture medium. Sofjin TBEV showed CPE50 against MIA Paca-2 and a very limited cytotoxic effect against PANC-1. However, it had no oncolytic effect against glioblastoma cell lines (LN229, T98G and GL6), although virus reproduction continued in these cultures. For the GL6 glioblastoma cell line, the viral RNA concentration at the level with the infection dose was determined within 13 days, despite medium replacement, while in the case of the LN229 cell line, the virus concentration increased from 1 × 109 to 1 × 1010 copies/ml. CONCLUSION Tumor behavior in organism is more complex and is determined by different microenvironmental factors and immune status. In the future, it is advisable to continue studying the antitumor oncolytic and immunomodulatory effects of viral strains 17D YF and Sofjin TBEV using in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Nazarenko
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - Y K Biryukova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - E O Orlova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - K N Trachuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - A L Ivanova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - A V Belyakova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - N B Pestov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
| | - M F Vorovitch
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology
| | - A A Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology
| | - N M Kolyasnikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)
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Santos ACA, Camarena DEM, Roncoli Reigado G, Chambergo FS, Nunes VA, Trindade MA, Stuchi Maria-Engler S. Tissue Engineering Challenges for Cultivated Meat to Meet the Real Demand of a Global Market. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6033. [PMID: 37047028 PMCID: PMC10094385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultivated meat (CM) technology has the potential to disrupt the food industry-indeed, it is already an inevitable reality. This new technology is an alternative to solve the environmental, health and ethical issues associated with the demand for meat products. The global market longs for biotechnological improvements for the CM production chain. CM, also known as cultured, cell-based, lab-grown, in vitro or clean meat, is obtained through cellular agriculture, which is based on applying tissue engineering principles. In practice, it is first necessary to choose the best cell source and type, and then to furnish the necessary nutrients, growth factors and signalling molecules via cultivation media. This procedure occurs in a controlled environment that provides the surfaces necessary for anchor-dependent cells and offers microcarriers and scaffolds that favour the three-dimensional (3D) organisation of multiple cell types. In this review, we discuss relevant information to CM production, including the cultivation process, cell sources, medium requirements, the main obstacles to CM production (consumer acceptance, scalability, safety and reproducibility), the technological aspects of 3D models (biomaterials, microcarriers and scaffolds) and assembly methods (cell layering, spinning and 3D bioprinting). We also provide an outlook on the global CM market. Our review brings a broad overview of the CM field, providing an update for everyone interested in the topic, which is especially important because CM is a multidisciplinary technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cristina Antunes Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.C.A.S.)
| | - Denisse Esther Mallaupoma Camarena
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.C.A.S.)
| | - Gustavo Roncoli Reigado
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe S. Chambergo
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Trindade
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.C.A.S.)
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Ultrastructural Characterization of Human Gingival Fibroblasts in 3D Culture. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223647. [PMID: 36429075 PMCID: PMC9688082 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell spheroids are applied in various fields of research, such as the fabrication of three-dimensional artificial tissues in vitro, disease modeling, stem cell research, regenerative therapy, and biotechnology. A preclinical 3D culture model of primary human gingival fibroblasts free of external factors and/or chemical inducers is presented herein. The ultrastructure of the spheroids was characterized to establish a cellular model for the study of periodontal tissue regeneration. The liquid overlay technique was used with agarose to generate spheroids. Fibroblasts in 2D culture and cell spheroids were characterized by immunofluorescence, and cell spheroids were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, backscattered electrons, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ostegenic related genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Gingival fibroblasts formed spheroids spontaneously and showed amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticle deposits on their surface. The results suggest that human gingival fibroblasts have an intrinsic potential to generate a mineralized niche in 3D culture.
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Building a tissue: mesenchymal and epithelial cell spheroids' mechanical properties at micro- and nanoscale. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00621-3. [PMID: 36167239 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell transitions between the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes provide the regulated morphogenesis and regeneration throughout the ontogenesis. The tissue mechanics and mechanotransduction play an essential role in these processes. Cell spheroids reproduce the cell density of native tissues and represent simple building blocks for the tissue engineering purposes. The mechanical properties of mesenchymal and epithelial cells have been extensively studied in 2D monolayer cultures, but have not been sufficiently compared in spheroids. Here, we have simultaneously applied several techniques to assess the mechanical parameters of such spheroids. The local surface mechanical properties were measured by AFM, and the bulk properties were analyzed with parallel-plate compression, as well as by observing cut opening after microdissection. The comparison of the collected data allowed us to apply the model of a solid body with surface tension, and estimate the parameters of this model. We found an expectedly higher surface tension in mesenchymal spheroids, as well as a higher bulk modulus and relaxation time. The two latter parameters agree with the bulk poroelastic behavior of spheroids, and with the higher cell density and extracellular matrix content in mesenchymal spheroids. The higher tension of the surface layer cells in mesenchymal cell spheroids was also confirmed by the viscoelastic AFM characterization. The cell phenotype affected the self-organization during the spheroid formation, as well as the structure, biomechanical properties, and spreading of spheroids. The obtained results will contribute to a more detailed description of spheroid and tissue biomechanics, and will help in controlling the tissue regeneration and morphogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spheroids are widely used as building blocks for scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies in tissue engineering. In the majority of the past studies, either the concept of a solid body or a liquid with surface tension was used to describe the biomechanical behavior of spheroids. Here, we have used a model which combines both aspects, a solid body with surface tension. The "solid" aspect was described as a visco-poroelastic material, affected by the liquid redistribution through the cells and ECM at the scale of the whole spheroid. A higher surface tension was found for mesenchymal spheroids than that for epithelial spheroids, observed as a higher stiffness of the spheroid surface, as well as a larger spontaneous opening of the cut edges after microdissection.
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Quilez Lopez C, Cerdeira E, González-Rico J, De Aranda G, Lopez-Donaire ML, Jorcano Noval JL, Velasco Bayon D. Evaluation of different methodologies for primary human dermal fibroblast spheroid formation: automation through 3D Bioprinting technology. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35724647 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac7a7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell spheroids have recently emerged as an effective tool to recapitulate native microenvironments of living organisms in an in vitro scenario, increasing the reliability of the results obtained and broadening their applications in regenerative medicine, cancer research, disease modeling and drug screening. In this study the generation of spheroids containing primary human dermal fibroblasts (dHFs) was approached using the two-widely employed methods: hanging-drop (HD) and U-shape low adhesion plate (LA-plate). Moreover, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting was introduced to achieve a standardized and scalable production of cell spheroids, decreasing considerably the possibilities of human error. This was ensured when U-shape LA-plates were used, showing an 85% formation efficiency, increasing up to a 98% when it was automatized using the 3D bioprinting technologies. However, sedimentation effect within the cartridge led to a reduction of 20% in size of the spheroid during the printing process. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was chosen as viscosity enhancer to supplement the bioink and overcome cell sedimentation within the cartridge due to the high viability values exhibited by the cells - around 80% - at the used conditions. Finally, ANCOVA analysis of spheroid size over time for different printing conditions stand out HA 0.4% (w/v) 60 kDa as the viscosity-improved bioink that exhibit the highest cell viability and spheroid formation percentages. Besides, not only did it ensure cell spheroid homogeneity over time, reducing cell sedimentation effects, but also wider spheroid diameters over time with less variability, outperforming significantly manual loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quilez Lopez
- University Carlos III of Madrid Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, Leganés (Madrid), Leganes, 28911, SPAIN
| | - Enrique Cerdeira
- BIST Dolors Aleu Graduate Centre, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, Plaça de la Mercè, 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Barcelona, 08002, SPAIN
| | - Jorge González-Rico
- Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Avenida de la Universidad, 30, Leganés (Madrid), Leganes, Madrid, 28911, SPAIN
| | - Gonzalo De Aranda
- University Carlos III of Madrid Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Avenida de la Universidad 30, Leganés (Madrid), Leganes, 28911, SPAIN
| | - Maria Luisa Lopez-Donaire
- Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - Campus de Getafe, Avenida de la Universidad 30, Getafe, Madrid, 28903, SPAIN
| | - Jose Luis Jorcano Noval
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Avenida de la Universidad, 30, Leganés (Madrid), Leganes, Madrid, 28911, SPAIN
| | - Diego Velasco Bayon
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Avenida de la Universidad, 30, Leganés (Madrid), Leganes, Madrid, 28911, SPAIN
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Ertekin Ö, Monavari M, Krüger R, Fuentes-Chandía M, Parma B, Letort G, Tripal P, Boccaccini AR, Bosserhoff AK, Ceppi P, Kappelmann-Fenzl M, Leal-Egaña A. 3D hydrogel-based microcapsules as an in vitro model to study tumorigenicity, cell migration and drug resistance. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:208-220. [PMID: 35167953 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we analyzed the reliability of alginate-gelatin microcapsules as artificial tumor model. These tumor-like scaffolds are characterized by their composition and stiffness (∼25 kPa), and their capability to restrict -but not hinder- cell migration, proliferation and release from confinement. Hydrogel-based microcapsules were initially utilized to detect differences in mechano-sensitivity between MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926. Additionally, we used RNA-seq and transcriptomic methods to determine how the culture strategy (i.e. 2D v/s 3D) may pre-set the expression of genes involved in multidrug resistance, being then validated by performing cytotoxicological tests and assays of cell morphology. Our results show that both breast cancer cells can generate elongated multicellular spheroids inside the microcapsules, prior being released (mimicking intravasation stages), a behavior which was not observed in endothelial cells. Further, we demonstrate that cells isolated from 3D scaffolds show resistance to cisplatin, a process which seems to be strongly influenced by mechanical stress, instead of hypoxia. We finally discuss the role played by aneuploidy in malignancy and resistance to anticancer drugs, based on the increased number of polynucleated cells found within these microcapsules. Overall, our outcomes demonstrate that alginate-gelatin microcapsules represent a simple, yet very accurate tumor-like model, enabling us to mimic the most relevant malignant hints described in vivo, suggesting that confinement and mechanical stress need to be considered when studying pathogenicity and drug resistance of cancer cells in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we analyzed the reliability of alginate-gelatin microcapsules as an artificial tumor model. These scaffolds are characterized by their composition, elastic properties, and their ability to restrict cell migration, proliferation, and release from confinement. Our results demonstrate four novel outcomes: (i) studying cell migration and proliferation in 3D enabled discrimination between malignant and non-pathogenic cells, (ii) studying the cell morphology of cancer aggregates entrapped in alginate-gelatin microcapsules enabled determination of malignancy degree in vitro, (iii) determination that confinement and mechanical stress, instead of hypoxia, are required to generate clones resistant to anticancer drugs (i.e. cisplatin), and (iv) evidence that resistance to anticancer drugs could be due to the presence of polynucleated cells localized inside polymer-based artificial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Ertekin
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Diagno Biotechnology, Marmara Technopark, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - René Krüger
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, and University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Chandía
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beatrice Parma
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Gaelle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France UMR7241/U1050, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Melanie Kappelmann-Fenzl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Faculty of Applied Informatics, University of Applied Science Deggendorf, Deggendorf 94469, Germany
| | - Aldo Leal-Egaña
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering, University of Heidelberg. INF 253, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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10
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Hybrid spheroid microscaffolds as modular tissue units to build macro-tissue assemblies for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00141-6. [PMID: 35288312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has been relying on either scaffold-based or scaffold-free strategies. Recent reports outlined the possibility of a synergistic, convergence approach, referred to as the third TERM strategy, which could alleviate bottlenecks of the two previous options. This strategy requires the fabrication of highly porous microscaffolds, allowing to create single spheroids within each of them. The resulting tissue units can then be combined and used as modular building blocks for creating tissue constructs through a bottom-up self-assembly. Such strategy can have a significant impact for the future of TERM, but so far, no reports have assessed its feasibility in detail. This work reports a first systematic study, which includes a comparison of the in vitro behavior of tissue units based on adipose derived stem cell spheroids cultured within microscaffolds versus conventional spheroids. We first proved that the presence of the microscaffold neither impairs the cells 'ability to form spheroids nor impacts their viability. Importantly, the fusiogenic and the differentiation potential (i.e. chondrogenesis and osteogenesis), which are important features for cellularized building blocks to be used in TERM, are preserved when spheroids are cultured within microscaffolds. Significant benefits of microscaffold-based tissue units include the enhanced cell retention, the decreased compaction and the better control over the size observed when larger tissue constructs are formed through self-assembly. The proof of concept study presented here demonstrates the great potential offered by those microsize tissue units to be used as building blocks for directed tissue self-assembly. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: One of the most exciting and recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is to combine together multiple micro-size cellularized units, which are able to self-assemble altogether to recreate larger tissue constructs. In this work, we produce such modules by forming single spheroids within highly porous microscaffolds, and study how this new microenvironment impacts on the spheroid's behavior and stemness potential. This work highlights as well that such novel route is enabled by two-photon polymerization, which is an additive manufacturing technique offering high spatial resolution down to 100 nm. These findings provide a first scientific evidence about the utilization of hybrid spheroid microscaffold-based tissue units with great perspective as a modular tool for TERM.
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11
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Pajčin I, Knežić T, Savic Azoulay I, Vlajkov V, Djisalov M, Janjušević L, Grahovac J, Gadjanski I. Bioengineering Outlook on Cultivated Meat Production. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:402. [PMID: 35334693 PMCID: PMC8950996 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat (also referred to as cultivated meat or cell-based meat)-CM-is fabricated through the process of cellular agriculture (CA), which entails application of bioengineering, i.e., tissue engineering (TE) principles to the production of food. The main TE principles include usage of cells, grown in a controlled environment provided by bioreactors and cultivation media supplemented with growth factors and other needed nutrients and signaling molecules, and seeded onto the immobilization elements-microcarriers and scaffolds that provide the adhesion surfaces necessary for anchor-dependent cells and offer 3D organization for multiple cell types. Theoretically, many solutions from regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering can be applied in CM-TE, i.e., CA. However, in practice, there are a number of specificities regarding fabrication of a CM product that needs to fulfill not only the majority of functional criteria of muscle and fat TE, but also has to possess the sensory and nutritional qualities of a traditional food component, i.e., the meat it aims to replace. This is the reason that bioengineering aimed at CM production needs to be regarded as a specific scientific discipline of a multidisciplinary nature, integrating principles from biomedical engineering as well as from food manufacturing, design and development, i.e., food engineering. An important requirement is also the need to use as little as possible of animal-derived components in the whole CM bioprocess. In this review, we aim to present the current knowledge on different bioengineering aspects, pertinent to different current scientific disciplines but all relevant for CM engineering, relevant for muscle TE, including different cell sources, bioreactor types, media requirements, bioprocess monitoring and kinetics and their modifications for use in CA, all in view of their potential for efficient CM bioprocess scale-up. We believe such a review will offer a good overview of different bioengineering strategies for CM production and will be useful to a range of interested stakeholders, from students just entering the CA field to experienced researchers looking for the latest innovations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pajčin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (V.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Teodora Knežić
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Ivana Savic Azoulay
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Vanja Vlajkov
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (V.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Mila Djisalov
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Ljiljana Janjušević
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Jovana Grahovac
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (V.V.); (J.G.)
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
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12
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Kasamkattil J, Gryadunova A, Martin I, Barbero A, Schären S, Krupkova O, Mehrkens A. Spheroid-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2530. [PMID: 35269672 PMCID: PMC8910276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease, a painful pathology of the intervertebral disc (IVD), often causes disability and reduces quality of life. Although regenerative cell-based strategies have shown promise in clinical trials, none have been widely adopted clinically. Recent developments demonstrated that spheroid-based approaches might help overcome challenges associated with cell-based IVD therapies. Spheroids are three-dimensional multicellular aggregates with architecture that enables the cells to differentiate and synthesize endogenous ECM, promotes cell-ECM interactions, enhances adhesion, and protects cells from harsh conditions. Spheroids could be applied in the IVD both in scaffold-free and scaffold-based configurations, possibly providing advantages over cell suspensions. This review highlights areas of future research in spheroid-based regeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). We also discuss cell sources and methods for spheroid fabrication and characterization, mechanisms related to spheroid fusion, as well as enhancement of spheroid performance in the context of the IVD microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesil Kasamkattil
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.K.); (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Gryadunova
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.K.); (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (I.M.); (A.B.)
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (I.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (I.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefan Schären
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.K.); (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Olga Krupkova
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.K.); (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (I.M.); (A.B.)
- Lepage Research Institute, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Arne Mehrkens
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (J.K.); (A.G.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
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13
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Bomkamp C, Skaalure SC, Fernando GF, Ben‐Arye T, Swartz EW, Specht EA. Scaffolding Biomaterials for 3D Cultivated Meat: Prospects and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102908. [PMID: 34786874 PMCID: PMC8787436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cultivating meat from stem cells rather than by raising animals is a promising solution to concerns about the negative externalities of meat production. For cultivated meat to fully mimic conventional meat's organoleptic and nutritional properties, innovations in scaffolding technology are required. Many scaffolding technologies are already developed for use in biomedical tissue engineering. However, cultivated meat production comes with a unique set of constraints related to the scale and cost of production as well as the necessary attributes of the final product, such as texture and food safety. This review discusses the properties of vertebrate skeletal muscle that will need to be replicated in a successful product and the current state of scaffolding innovation within the cultivated meat industry, highlighting promising scaffold materials and techniques that can be applied to cultivated meat development. Recommendations are provided for future research into scaffolds capable of supporting the growth of high-quality meat while minimizing production costs. Although the development of appropriate scaffolds for cultivated meat is challenging, it is also tractable and provides novel opportunities to customize meat properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
| | | | | | - Tom Ben‐Arye
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
| | - Elliot W. Swartz
- The Good Food Institute1380 Monroe St. NW #229WashingtonDC20010USA
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14
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Wang L, Wang X, Wang T, Zhuang Y, Wang G. Multi-omics analysis defines 5-fluorouracil drug resistance in 3D HeLa carcinoma cell model. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:135. [PMID: 38650282 PMCID: PMC10991626 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a serious health problem in women around the globe. However, the use of clinical drug is seriously dampened by the development of drug resistance. Efficient in vitro tumor model is essential to improve the efficiency of drug screening and the accuracy of clinical application. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MTSs) can in a way recapitulates tumor traits in vivo, thereby representing a powerful transitional model between 2D monolayer culture and xenograft. In this study, based on the liquid overlay method, a protocol for rapid generation of the MTSs with uniform size and high reproducibility in a high-throughput manner was established. As expected, the cytotoxicity results showed that there was enhanced 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance of HeLa carcinoma cells in 3D MTSs than 2D monolayer culture with a resistance index of 5.72. In order to obtain a holistic view of the molecular mechanisms that drive 5-FU resistance in 3D HeLa carcinoma cells, a multi-omics study was applied to discover hidden biological regularities. It was observed that in the 3D MTSs mitochondrial function-related proteins and the metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) were significantly decreased, and the cellular metabolism was shifted towards glycolysis. The differences in the protein synthesis, processing, and transportation between 2D monolayer cultures and 3D MTSs were significant, mainly in the heat shock protein family, with the up-regulation of protein folding function in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which promoted the maintenance of ER homeostasis in the 3D MTSs. In addition, at the transcript and protein level, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., laminin and collagen) were up-regulated in the 3D MTSs, which enhanced the physical barrier of drug penetration. Summarizing, this study formulates a rapid, scalable and reproducible in vitro model of 3D MTS for drug screening purposes, and the findings establish a critical role of glycolytic metabolism, ER hemostasis and ECM proteins expression profiling in tumor chemoresistance of HeLa carcinoma cells towards 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Innovation Institute of East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao Innovation Institute of East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Hayashi S, Sasaki Y, Kubo H, Sawada SI, Kinoshita N, Marukawa E, Harada H, Akiyoshi K. Construction of Hybrid Cell Spheroids Using Cell-Sized Cross-Linked Nanogel Microspheres as an Artificial Extracellular Matrix. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7848-7855. [PMID: 35006766 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of functional material supports or spacers into cell spheroids increases the free volume, allowing oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to diffuse in and out more freely. Here, a biocompatible polysaccharide spacer material was investigated. Microspheres were prepared by cross-linking cholesterol-modified pullulan (CHP) nanogels with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The ratio of modified CHP nanogel to PEG cross-linker was optimized to give uniform microspheres with an average diameter of approximately 14 μm. Rhodamine B-labeled microspheres showed a homogeneous assembly with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (1:1 ratio) to create hybrid cell spheroids. The addition of the cross-linked nanogel spacers did not affect the cell viability, indicating that the microspheres provided a biocompatible scaffold that supported cell proliferation. In addition, the microspheres were stable under culture conditions over 14 days. The hybrid cell spheroids were scaled up to millimeter size to demonstrate their potential as a transplantable treatment, and the cells were found to maintain their high viability. The hybrid cell spheroids are expected to support the production of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.,Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kubo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Kinoshita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Eriko Marukawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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16
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Gryadunova A, Kasamkattil J, Gay MHP, Dasen B, Pelttari K, Mironov V, Martin I, Schären S, Barbero A, Krupkova O, Mehrkens A. Nose to Spine: spheroids generated by human nasal chondrocytes for scaffold-free nucleus pulposus augmentation. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:240-251. [PMID: 34339870 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based strategies for nucleus pulposus (NP) regeneration that adequately support the engraftment and functionality of therapeutic cells are still lacking. This study explores a scaffold-free approach for NP repair, which is based on spheroids derived from human nasal chondrocytes (NC), a resilient cell type with robust cartilage-regenerative capacity. We generated NC spheroids (NCS) in two types of medium (growth or chondrogenic) and analyzed their applicability for NP repair with regard to injectability, biomechanical and biochemical attributes, and integration potential in conditions simulating degenerative disc disease (DDD). NCS engineered in both media were compatible with a typical spinal needle in terms of size (lower than 600µm), shape (roundness greater than 0.8), and injectability (no changes in morphology and catabolic gene expression after passing through the needle). While growth medium ensured stable elastic modulus (E) at 5 kPa, chondrogenic medium time-dependently increased E of NCS, in correlation with gene/protein expression of collagen. Notably, DDD-mimicking conditions did not impair NCS viability nor NCS fusion with NP spheroids simulating degenerated NP in vitro. To assess the feasibility of this approach, NCS were injected into an ex vivo-cultured bovine intervertebral disc (IVD) without damage using a spinal needle. In conclusion, our data indicated that NC cultured as spheroids can be compatible with strategies for minimally invasive NP repair in terms of injectability, tuneability, biomechanical features, and resilience. Future studies will address the capacity of NCS to integrate within degenerated NP under long-term loading conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current regenerative strategies still do not sufficiently support the engraftment of therapeutic cells in the nucleus pulposus (NP). We present an injectable approach based on spheroids derived from nasal chondrocytes (NC), a resilient cell type with robust cartilage-regenerative capacity. NC spheroids (NCS) generated with their own matrix and demonstrated injectability, tuneability of biomechanical/biochemical attributes, and integration potential in conditions simulating degenerative disc disease. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explored an injectable spheroid-based scaffold-free approach, which showed potential to support the adhesion and viability of therapeutic cells in degenerated NP. The provided information can be of substantial interest to a wide audience, including biomaterial scientists, biomedical engineers, biologists and medical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gryadunova
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Jesil Kasamkattil
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Hans Peter Gay
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 4031, Bael Switzerland
| | - Boris Dasen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Mironov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Kashirskoe Highway, 68-2, Moscow, 115409 Russian Federation
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schären
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olga Krupkova
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Lepage Research Institute, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia.
| | - Arne Mehrkens
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel & University Hospital Basel, Tissue Engineering, ZLF 402, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Efremov YM, Zurina IM, Presniakova VS, Kosheleva NV, Butnaru DV, Svistunov AA, Rochev YA, Timashev PS. Mechanical properties of cell sheets and spheroids: the link between single cells and complex tissues. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:541-561. [PMID: 34471438 PMCID: PMC8355304 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell aggregates, including sheets and spheroids, represent a simple yet powerful model system to study both biochemical and biophysical intercellular interactions. However, it is becoming evident that, although the mechanical properties and behavior of multicellular structures share some similarities with individual cells, yet distinct differences are observed in some principal aspects. The description of mechanical phenomena at the level of multicellular model systems is a necessary step for understanding tissue mechanics and its fundamental principles in health and disease. Both cell sheets and spheroids are used in tissue engineering, and the modulation of mechanical properties of cell constructs is a promising tool for regenerative medicine. Here, we review the data on mechanical characterization of cell sheets and spheroids, focusing both on advances in the measurement techniques and current understanding of the subject. The reviewed material suggest that interplay between the ECM, intercellular junctions, and cellular contractility determines the behavior and mechanical properties of the cell aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M. Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Irina M. Zurina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, 8 Baltiyskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria S. Presniakova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia V. Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, 8 Baltiyskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V. Butnaru
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury A. Rochev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 8-2 Trubetskaya St, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 119991 4 Kosygin St, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1–3, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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18
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Fuentes-Chandía M, Vierling A, Kappelmann-Fenzl M, Monavari M, Letort G, Höne L, Parma B, Antara SK, Ertekin Ö, Palmisano R, Dong M, Böpple K, Boccaccini AR, Ceppi P, Bosserhoff AK, Leal-Egaña A. 3D Spheroids Versus 3D Tumor-Like Microcapsules: Confinement and Mechanical Stress May Lead to the Expression of Malignant Responses in Cancer Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000349. [PMID: 33960743 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As 2D surfaces fail to resemble the tumoral milieu, current discussions are focused on which 3D cell culture strategy may better lead the cells to express in vitro most of the malignant hints described in vivo. In this study, this question is assessed by analyzing the full genetic profile of MCF7 cells cultured either as 3D spheroids-considered as "gold standard" for in vitro cancer research- or immobilized in 3D tumor-like microcapsules, by RNA-Seq and transcriptomic methods, allowing to discriminate at big-data scale, which in vitro strategy can better resemble most of the malignant features described in neoplastic diseases. The results clearly show that mechanical stress, rather than 3D morphology only, stimulates most of the biological processes involved in cancer pathogenicity, such as cytoskeletal organization, migration, and stemness. Furthermore, cells entrapped in hydrogel-based scaffolds are likely expressing other physiological hints described in malignancy, such as the upregulated expression of metalloproteinases or the resistance to anticancer drugs, among others. According to the knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to answer which 3D experimental system can better mimic the neoplastic architecture in vitro, emphasizing the relevance of confinement in cancer pathogenicity, which can be easily achieved by using hydrogel-based matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fuentes-Chandía
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vierling
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann-Fenzl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Faculty of Applied Informatics, University of Applied Science Deggendorf, 94469, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gaelle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France UMR7241/U1050. 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France
| | - Lucas Höne
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Parma
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sharmin Khan Antara
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Özlem Ertekin
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralph Palmisano
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meng Dong
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstraße 112, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kathrin Böpple
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Auerbachstraße 112, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo Leal-Egaña
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering, Heidelberg University, In Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Gryadunova AA, Koudan EV, Rodionov SA, Pereira FDAS, Meteleva NY, Kasyanov VA, Parfenov VA, Kovalev AV, Khesuani YD, Mironov VA, Bulanova EA. Cytoskeleton systems contribute differently to the functional intrinsic properties of chondrospheres. Acta Biomater 2020; 118:141-152. [PMID: 33045401 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton systems, actin microfilaments, microtubules (MTs) and intermediate filaments (IFs) provide the biomechanical stability and spatial organization in cells. To understand the specific contributions of each cytoskeleton systems to intrinsic properties of spheroids, we've scrutinized the effects of the cytoskeleton perturbants, cytochalasin D (Cyto D), nocodazole (Noc) and withaferin A (WFA) on fusion, spreading on adhesive surface, morphology and biomechanics of chondrospheres (CSs). We confirmed that treatment with Cyto D but not with Noc or WFA severely affected CSs fusion and spreading dynamics and significantly reduced biomechanical properties of cell aggregates. Noc treatment affected spheroids spreading but not the fusion and surprisingly enhanced their stiffness. Vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) reorganization affected CSs spreading only. The analysis of all three cytoskeleton systems contribution to spheroids intrinsic properties was performed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Gryadunova
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Elizaveta V Koudan
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey A Rodionov
- N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow 127299, Russian Federation
| | - F D A S Pereira
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - Nina Yu Meteleva
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok 152742, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Kasyanov
- Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia; Riga Technical University, Riga LV-1658, Latvia
| | - Vladislav A Parfenov
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Kovalev
- N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow 127299, Russian Federation
| | - Yusef D Khesuani
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Mironov
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Bulanova
- Laboratory for Biotechnological Research 3D Bioprinting Solutions, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation.
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20
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Liu D, Chen S, Win Naing M. A review of manufacturing capabilities of cell spheroid generation technologies and future development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:542-554. [PMID: 33146407 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid culture provides cells with a three-dimensional environment that can better mimic physiological conditions compared to monolayer culture. Technologies involved in the generation of cell spheroids are continuously being innovated to produce spheroids with enhanced properties. In this paper, we review the manufacturing capabilities of current cell spheroid generation technologies. We propose that spheroid generation technologies should enable tight and robust process controls to produce spheroids of consistent and repeatable quality. Future technology development for the generation of cell spheroids should look into improvement in process control, standardization, scalability and monitoring, in addition to advanced methods of spheroid transfer and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sixun Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Wang T, Wang L, Wang G, Zhuang Y. Leveraging and manufacturing in vitro multicellular spheroid-based tumor cell model as a preclinical tool for translating dysregulated tumor metabolism into clinical targets and biomarkers. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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