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Huang P, Xia M, Vago FS, Jiang W, Tan M. A Pseudovirus Nanoparticle Displaying the Vaccinia Virus L1 Protein Elicited High Neutralizing Antibody Titers and Provided Complete Protection to Mice against Mortality Caused by a Vaccinia Virus Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:846. [PMID: 39203972 PMCID: PMC11359793 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent worldwide incidence of mpox infection and concerns about future emerging variants of mpox viruses highlight the need for the development of a new generation of mpox vaccines. To achieve this goal, we utilized our norovirus S nanoparticle vaccine platform to produce and evaluate two pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs), S-L1 and S-J1. These PVNPs displayed the L1 neutralizing antigen target of the vaccinia virus and a yet-untested J1 antigen of the mpox virus, respectively, with the aim of creating an effective nanoparticle-based mpox vaccine. Each self-assembled PVNP consists of an inner shell resembling the interior layer of the norovirus capsid and multiple L1 or J1 antigens on the surface. The PVNPs improved the antibody responses toward the displayed L1 or J1 antigens in mice, resulting in significantly greater L1/J1-specific IgG and IgA titers than those elicited by the corresponding free L1 or J1 antigens. After immunization with the S-L1 PVNPs, the mouse sera exhibited high neutralizing antibody titers against the vaccinia virus, and the S-L1 PVNPs provided mice with 100% protection against mortality caused by vaccinia virus challenge. In contrast, the S-J1 PVNPs induced low neutralizing antibody titers and conferred mice weak protective immunity. These data confirm that the L1 protein is an excellent vaccine target and that the readily available S-L1 PVNPs are a promising mpox vaccine candidate worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (P.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (P.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Frank S. Vago
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.S.V.); (W.J.)
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.S.V.); (W.J.)
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (P.H.); (M.X.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Xia M, Huang P, Vago F, Kawagishi T, Ding S, Greenberg HB, Jiang W, Tan M. A Viral Protein 4-Based Trivalent Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicited High and Broad Immune Responses and Protective Immunity against the Predominant Rotaviruses. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6673-6689. [PMID: 38353701 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The current live rotavirus (RV) vaccines show reduced effectiveness in developing countries, calling for vaccine strategies with improved efficacy and safety. We generated pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs) that display multiple ectodomains of RV viral protein 4 (VP4), named S-VP4e, as a nonreplicating RV vaccine candidate. The RV spike protein VP4s that bind host receptors and facilitate viral entry are excellent targets for vaccination. In this study, we developed scalable methods to produce three S-VP4e PVNPs, each displaying the VP4e antigens from one of the three predominant P[8], P[4], and P[6] human RVs (HRVs). These PVNPs were recognized by selected neutralizing VP4-specific monoclonal antibodies, bound glycan receptors, attached to permissive HT-29 cells, and underwent cleavage by trypsin between VP8* and VP5*. 3D PVNP models were constructed to understand their structural features. A trivalent PVNP vaccine containing the three S-VP4e PVNPs elicited high and well-balanced VP4e-specific antibody titers in mice directed against the three predominant HRV P types. The resulting antisera neutralized the three HRV prototypes at high titers; greater than 4-fold higher than the neutralizing responses induced by a trivalent vaccine consisting of the S60-VP8* PVNPs. Finally, the trivalent S-VP4e PVNP vaccine provided 90-100% protection against diarrhea caused by HRV challenge. Our data supports the trivalent S-VP4e PVNPs as a promising nonreplicating HRV vaccine candidate for parenteral delivery to circumvent the suboptimal immunization issues of all present live HRV vaccines. The established PVNP-permissive cell and PVNP-glycan binding assays will be instrumental for further investigating HRV-host cell interactions and neutralizing effects of VP4-specific antibodies and antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Pengwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Frank Vago
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Takahiro Kawagishi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Harry B Greenberg
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology Emeritus, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
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Wang Z, Zhang B, Ou L, Qiu Q, Wang L, Bylund T, Kong WP, Shi W, Tsybovsky Y, Wu L, Zhou Q, Chaudhary R, Choe M, Dickey TH, El Anbari M, Olia AS, Rawi R, Teng IT, Wang D, Wang S, Tolia NH, Zhou T, Kwong PD. Extraordinary Titer and Broad Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Induced by Stabilized RBD Nanoparticles from Strain BA.5. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:37. [PMID: 38250850 PMCID: PMC10821209 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies and a key component of licensed vaccines. Substantial mutations in RBD, however, enable current variants to escape immunogenicity generated by vaccination with the ancestral (WA1) strain. Here, we produce and assess self-assembling nanoparticles displaying RBDs from WA1 and BA.5 strains by using the SpyTag:SpyCatcher system for coupling. We observed both WA1- and BA.5-RBD nanoparticles to degrade substantially after a few days at 37 °C. Incorporation of nine RBD-stabilizing mutations, however, increased yield ~five-fold and stability such that more than 50% of either the WA1- or BA.5-RBD nanoparticle was retained after one week at 37 °C. Murine immunizations revealed that the stabilized RBD-nanoparticles induced ~100-fold higher autologous neutralization titers than the prefusion-stabilized (S2P) spike at a 2 μg dose. Even at a 25-fold lower dose where S2P-induced neutralization titers were below the detection limit, the stabilized BA.5-RBD nanoparticle induced homologous titers of 12,795 ID50 and heterologous titers against WA1 of 1767 ID50. Assessment against a panel of β-coronavirus variants revealed both the stabilized BA.5-RBD nanoparticle and the stabilized WA1-BA.5-(mosaic)-RBD nanoparticle to elicit much higher neutralization breadth than the stabilized WA1-RBD nanoparticle. The extraordinary titer and high neutralization breadth elicited by stabilized RBD nanoparticles from strain BA.5 make them strong candidates for next-generation COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantong Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Qi Qiu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20701, USA
| | - Lingyuan Wu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Ridhi Chaudhary
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Thayne H. Dickey
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.H.D.)
| | - Mohammed El Anbari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Danyi Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Niraj H. Tolia
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.H.D.)
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.W.); (Q.Q.); (T.B.); (L.W.); (M.C.); (D.W.); (S.W.)
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Xia M, Huang P, Vago F, Jiang W, Tan M. Pseudovirus Nanoparticles Displaying Plasmodium Circumsporozoite Proteins Elicited High Titers of Sporozoite-Binding Antibody. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1650. [PMID: 38005982 PMCID: PMC10674615 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites remains a public health threat. The circumsporozoite proteins (CSPs) of Plasmodium sporozoite play a key role in Plasmodium infection, serving as an excellent vaccine target. METHODS using a self-assembled S60 nanoparticle platform, we generated pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs) displaying CSPs, named S-CSPs, for enhanced immunogenicity. RESULTS purified Hisx6-tagged or tag-free S-CSPs self-assembled into PVNPs that consist of a norovirus S60 inner shell and multiple surface-displayed CSPs. The majority of the PVNPs measured ~27 nm with some size variations, and their three-dimensional structure was modeled. The PVNP-displayed CSPs retained their glycan receptor-binding function. A mouse immunization study showed that PVNPs induced a high antibody response against CSP antigens and the PVNP-immunized mouse sera stained the CSPs of Plasmodium sporozoites at high titer. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION the PVNP-displayed CSPs retain their authentic antigenic feature and receptor-binding function. The CSP-specific antibody elicited by the S-CSP PVNPs binds original CSPs and potentially inhibits the attachment of Plasmodium sporozoites to their host cells, a key step for liver invasion by the sporozoites. Thus, S-CSP PVNPs may be an excellent vaccine candidate against malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.X.); (P.H.)
| | - Pengwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.X.); (P.H.)
| | - Frank Vago
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.V.); (W.J.)
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.V.); (W.J.)
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.X.); (P.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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